Effects of 12 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors, C-reactive Protein, and Homocysteine in Middle-aged Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Sun Hur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Reactive Protein

Abstract P137: Aerobic, Resistance or Combination Exercise Training does not Reduce C-Reactive Protein Levels in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon L Swift ◽  
Neil M Johannsen ◽  
Conrad P Earnest ◽  
Steven N Blair ◽  
Timothy S Church
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels (CRP), which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise training especially with weight/adiposity reduction has been shown to improve CRP, however few studies have evaluated the effect of other exercise training modalities (aerobic, resistance or combination training) on CRP in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that combination training will improve CRP to a greater extent than other modalities of exercise training, and change in CRP levels will be associated with changes in weight and adiposity. Methods: The present study is a secondary analysis of the Health Benefits of Aerobic and Resistance Training in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (HART-D) study. Participants (n=204) were randomized to aerobic exercise (aerobic), resistance exercise (resistance) or a combination of both (combination) for nine months. Results: Baseline CRP was correlated with fat mass, waist circumference, BMI, and inversely correlated with VO2 peak (p<0.05). CRP was not reduced in the aerobic (0.16 mg•L-1, 95% CI: -1.0, 1.3), resistance (-0.03 mg•L-1, 95% CI: -1.1, 1.0) or combination (-0.49 mg•L-1, 95% CI: -1.5 to 0.6) groups compared to control (0.35 mg•L-1, 95% CI: -1.0, 1.7). Change in CRP was associated with change in fasting glucose (r=0.20, p= 0.009), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (r=0.21 p=0.005), and fat mass (r=0.19, p=0.016), but not change in fitness or weight (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, aerobic, resistance or a combination of both did not reduce CRP levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, exercise related improvements in HbA1C, fasting glucose, and fat mass were associated with reductions in CRP.

scholarly journals Association of Testosterone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and C-Reactive Protein with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Middle-Aged Men with a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 6418-6423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Y. Tong ◽  
Chung-Shun Ho ◽  
Vincent T. F. Yeung ◽  
Maggie C. Y. Ng ◽  
Wing-Yee So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Family History ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hs Crp

Context: Age-related declines in testosterone and IGF-I are associated with deposition of visceral fat, a component of the metabolic syndrome (MES). Objective: Testosterone and IGF-I may interact with familial disposition to diabetes mellitus to increase the association with MES. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study. Setting: The study was conducted in a university teaching hospital. Subjects: Study subjects included 179 middle-aged men with a family history of diabetes (FH) (aged 39.1 ± 8.1 yr) and 128 men without FH (aged 43.8 ± 8.5 yr). Main Outcome Measures: Clinical characteristics, frequency of MES using the World Health Organization criteria with Asian definitions of obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), and serum levels of total testosterone, IGF-I, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Results: Men with FH had higher frequency of MES than those without FH [39.1 vs. 23.4% (P = 0.004)]. On multivariate analysis, smoking (former and current smokers), low total testosterone, and IGF-I but elevated hs-CRP levels explained 35% of the MES variance in men with FH. The frequency of MES increased with declining tertiles of total testosterone and IGF-I but increasing tertiles of hs-CRP. After adjustment for age and smoking history, subjects with all three risk factors had a 13-fold increase in risk association with MES compared with those without hormonal and inflammatory risk factors. These risk associations were not found in men without FH in whom only smoking (ex and current) and low total testosterone level were independent predictors for MES, which explained 14% of the variance. Conclusions: Clustering of FH, hormonal abnormalities, and high hs-CRP is associated with MES in Chinese middle-aged men.

Abstract 445: Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on C-Reactive Protein Levels in Normotensives versus Non-Normotensives

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kretzschmar ◽  
Deborah L Feairheller ◽  
Kathleen Sturgeon ◽  
Keith M Diaz ◽  
Sheara T Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

One of the precursors to hypertension (HTN) is systemic inflammation which can lead to vascular dysfunction and eventually HTN. Aerobic exercise training (AEXT) is known to be an important intervention tool in the prevention and treatment of HTN, inflammation and vascular dysfunction. However, no study has yet determined the effect of AEXT on inflammation in normotensive versus non-normotensive participants. Purpose: To assess whether there are differential changes in the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in normotensive versus non-normotensive participants in response to AEXT. METHODS: 27 participants ages 41-71 were assessed. To be considered for inclusion participants had to be free of any cardiovascular disease, non-smoking and sedentary. After inclusion participants underwent blood draws, blood pressure (BP) measurements and aerobic exercise testing. Aerobic fitness was by measuring VO2max. Participants then underwent AEXT (3 days/week, 65% of VO2max, 40 minutes/day) for 6 months. Whole blood was sent to Quest Diagnostics for the measurement of serum levels of CRP. Results: CRP levels were not significantly different between normotensive (avg. BP=113/74 mmHg, N=13) and non-normotensive (avg. BP=131/82 mmHg, N=14) participants before (2.86 ± 0.82 vs. 3.65 ± 0.90 mg/L) or after (3.28 ± 1.00 vs. 2.75 ± 0.73 mg/L) AEXT. However, non-normotensive participants significantly (p≤0.016) lowered their CRP levels (3.65 ± 0.90 vs. 2.75 ± 0.73 mg/L), whereas the normotensive group did not. Neither group lowered their BP levels. Conclusion: AEXT is a proven tool for the treatment and prevention of HTN and systemic inflammation. Although AEXT did not lower BP in our setting, results suggest that AEXT may be an important tool in lowering systemic inflammation in non-normotensives who are at greater risk for cardiovascular disease.

12 Weeks of Combined Exercise Is Better Than Aerobic Exercise for Increasing Growth Hormone in Middle-Aged Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Il Seo ◽  
Tae-Won Jun ◽  
Kae-Soon Park ◽  
Hyukki Chang ◽  
Wi-Young So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Combined Exercise ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Combined Exercise Training

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined exercise training on growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and metabolic-syndrome factors and determine whether the changes in GH and/or IGF-1 induced by exercise correlate to the metabolic-syndrome factors in healthy middle-aged women (50–65 years of age).Methods:The participants were randomly assigned into an aerobic-exercise training (walking + aerobics) group (AEG; n = 7), a combined-exercise training (walking + resistance training) group (CEG; n = 8), or a control group (CG; n = 7). Exercise sessions were performed 3 times per wk for 12 wk. The aerobic-exercise training consisted of walking and aerobics at 60–80% of heart-rate reserve, and the combined-exercise training consisted of walking and resistance exercise at 50–70% of 1-repetition maximum.Results:GH, percentage body fat, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference were significantly improved in CEG (p < .05). However, GH induced by exercise training showed no correlation with metabolic-syndrome factors. IGF-1 was not significantly increased in either AEG or CEG compared with CG.Conclusion:These results indicate that the combined-exercise training produced more enhancement of GH, body composition, and metabolic-syndrome factors than did aerobic-exercise training.

scholarly journals Examining Bone, Muscle and Fat in Middle-Aged Long-Term Endurance Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Ulrike H. Mitchell ◽  
Bruce Bailey ◽  
Patrick J. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Total Body

Aerobic exercise training has many known cardiovascular benefits that may promote healthy aging. It is not known if long-term aerobic exercise training is also associated with structural benefits (e.g., lower fat mass, higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) and greater muscle mass). We evaluated these parameters in middle-aged long-term endurance runners compared to sex-, age-, height-, and weight-matched non-running controls. Total and regional lean and fat mass and areal BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sagittal magnetic resonance images captured the cross-sectional area and thickness of the lumbar multifidus. Runners (n = 10; all male) had a mean (standard deviation; SD) age of 49 (4) years, height of 178.9 (4.9) cm, weight of 67.8 (5.8) kg, body mass index (BMI) of 21.4 (1.4) kg/m2 and had been running 82.6 (27.9) km/week for 23 (13) years. Controls (n = 9) had a mean (SD) age of 51 (5) years, height of 176.0 (5.1) cm, weight of 72.8 (7.1) kg, and BMI of 23.7 (2.1) kg/m2. BMI was greater in controls (p = 0.010). When compared to controls on average, runners had a 10 percentage-point greater total body lean mass than controls (p = 0.001) and 14% greater trunk lean mass (p = 0.010), as well as less total body (8.6 kg; p < 0.001), arm (58%; p = 0.002), leg (52%; p < 0.001), trunk (73%; p < 0.001), android (91%; p < 0.001), and gynoid fat mass (64%; p < 0.001). No differences were observed between groups for BMD outcomes or multifidus size. These results underscore the benefits of endurance running to body composition that carry over to middle-age.

Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise training on total and regional body composition in sedentary overweight middle-aged adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyne E. Donges ◽  
Rob Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of aerobic endurance training (AET), resistance exercise training (RET), or a control (CON) condition on absolute and relative fat mass (FM) or fat-free mass (FFM) in the total body (TB) and regions of interest (ROIs) of sedentary overweight middle-aged males and females. Following prescreening, 102 subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and strength and aerobic exercise testing. Randomized subjects (male RET, n = 16; female RET, n = 19; male AET, n = 16; and female AET, n = 25) completed supervised and periodized exercise programs (AET, 30–50 min cycling at 70%–75% maximal heart rate; RET, 2–4 sets × 8–10 repetitions of 5–7 exercises at 70%–75% 1 repetition maximum) or a nonexercising control condition (male CON, n = 13 and female CON, n = 13). Changes in absolute and relative TB-FM and TB-FFM and ROI-FM and ROI-FFM were determined. At baseline, and although matched for age and body mass index, males had greater strength, aerobic fitness, body mass, absolute and relative TB-FFM and ROI-FFM, but reduced absolute and relative TB-FM and ROI-FM, compared with females (p < 0.05). After training, both female exercise groups showed equivalent or greater relative improvements in strength and aerobic fitness than did the male exercise groups (p < 0.05); however, the male exercise groups increased TB-FFM and reduced TB-FM more than did the female exercise groups (p < 0.05). Male AET altered absolute FM more than male RET altered absolute FFM, thus resulting in a greater enhancement of relative FFM. Despite equivalent or greater responses to RET or AET by female subjects, the corresponding respective increases in FFM or reductions in FM were lower than those in males, indicating that a biased dose–response relationship exists between sexes following 10 weeks of exercise training.

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