Effects of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training on Performance in Professional Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Pareja-Blanco ◽  
Luis Sánchez-Medina ◽  
Luis Suárez-Arrones ◽  
Juan José González-Badillo
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Training Post ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose:To analyze the effects of 2 resistance-training (RT) programs that used the same relative loading but different repetition volume, using the velocity loss during the set as the independent variable: 15% (VL15) vs 30% (VL30).Methods:Sixteen professional soccer players with RT experience (age 23.8 ± 3.5 y, body mass 75.5 ± 8.6 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 groups, VL15 (n = 8) or VL30 (n = 8), that followed a 6-wk (18-session) velocity-based squat-training program. Repetition velocity was monitored in all sessions. Assessments performed before (Pre) and after training (Post) included estimated 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and change in average mean propulsive velocity (AMPV) against absolute loads common to Pre and Post tests, countermovement jump (CMJ), 30-m sprint (T30), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YIRT). Null-hypothesis significance testing and magnitude-based-inference statistical analyses were performed.Results:VL15 obtained greater gains in CMJ height than VL30 (P < .05), with no significant differences between groups for the remaining variables. VL15 showed a likely/possibly positive effect on 1RM (91/9/0%), AMPV (73/25/2%), and CMJ (87/12/1%), whereas VL30 showed possibly/unclear positive effects on 1RM (65/33/2%) and AMPV (46/36/18%) and possibly negative effects on CMJ (4/38/57%). The effects on T30 performance were unclear/unlikely for both groups, whereas both groups showed most likely/likely positive effects on YIRT.Conclusions:A velocity-based RT program characterized by a low degree of fatigue (15% velocity loss in each set) is effective to induce improvements in neuromuscular performance in professional soccer players with previous RT experience.

scholarly journals Weekly Variations of Short-Duration Maximal Jumping Performance in Soccer Players: Exploring Relationships With Accumulated Training Load and Match Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Silva ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Francisco Tomás González-Fernández ◽  
André Bernardo ◽  
Luca Paolo Ardigò
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer

Purpose: The aim of this study was 2-fold: (1) to analyze variations of short-duration maximal jumping performance in players exposed to a match and those who were not and (2) to analyze the relationships between changes in the short-duration maximal jumping performance and different accumulated training load and match demands measures.Methods: Twenty-four professional soccer players (age: 20.3 ± 1.7 years) were monitored daily for their training load and match demands over 6 weeks. In addition, they performed a weekly short-duration maximal jumping performance test (72 h after the last match).Results: Negative moderate correlations were found between percentage of change of countermovement jump (CMJ) height and Acummulated training load (ATL) of total distance (TD), high metabolic load (HML), accelerations (ACC), and decelerations (DEC) (r = −0.38, p = 0.004; r = −0.33, p = 0.013; r = −0.39, p = 0.003; and r = −0.30, p = 0.026). No correlations were found for match load (ML). TD, HML, ACC, and DCC (r = 0.27, r = 0.25, r = 0.31, and r = 0.22, respectively) were used to predict the percentage of change of CMJ height.Conclusion: Match participation has negative effects on CMJ performance. The ATL of HML, ACC, DCC, and TD have a significant influence on both CMJ measures changes. Also, the ATL values of those metrics are the best predictors of the percentage changes of CMJ performance.

How does the workload applied during the training week and the contextual factors affect the physical responses of professional soccer players in the match?

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412199561
Author(s):  
Berni Guerrero-Calderón ◽  
Maximilian Klemp ◽  
José Alfonso Morcillo ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Physical Output ◽  
Physical Responses ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to examine whether match physical output can be predicted from the workload applied in training by professional soccer players. Training and match load records from two professional soccer teams belonging to the Spanish First and Second Division were collected through GPS technology over a season ( N = 1678 and N = 2441 records, respectively). The factors playing position, season period, quality of opposition, category and playing formation were considered into the analysis. The level of significance was set at p ≤ .05. The prediction models yielded a conditional R-squared in match of 0.51 in total distance (TD); 0.58 in high-intensity distance (HIRD, from 14 to 24 km · h−1); and 0.60 in sprint distance (SPD, >24 km·h−1). The main finding of this study was that the physical output of players in the match was predicted from the training-load performed during the previous training week. The training-TD negatively affected the match physical output while the training-HIRD showed a positive effect. Moreover, the contextual factors – playing position, season period, division and quality of opposition – affected the players’ physical output in the match. Therefore, these results suggest the appropriateness of programming lower training volume but increasing the intensity of the activity throughout the weekly microcycle, and considering contextual factors within the load programming.

scholarly journals The Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate Supplementation on Muscular Regeneration After Intense Resistance Training in Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1756-1756
Author(s):  
Eduard Isenmann ◽  
Patrick Diel ◽  
Stephan Geisler ◽  
Thorsten Schiffer
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Objectives Nutrition is a key element in post-exercise regeneration. Various studies suggest that ingestion of combined carbohydrates and proteins after exercise result in a decrease of inflammatory processes and consequently in an increase of regeneration and physical performance. Recent studies compared the pro-regenerative effects of protein/carbohydrate shakes with the intake of foodstuffs (white bread and high protein cheese) on the skeletal muscle after acute endurance exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a conventional curd/juice shake on the regenerative capacity of soccer players after intensive strength training. Methods Therefore, sixteen young healthy in-season football payers run through a placebo checked double-blind crossover study with two groups. After a standardized training protocol, 3 sets of 12 reps deep back squats and 3 sets of 15 reps drop jumps, the participants ingested either a placebo shake (placebo-group, total calories &lt; 10 kcal) or a conventional shake of 300 g curd and 200 ml grape juice (protein 35.8 g, carbohydrates 43.6 g, fat 0.9 g, total calories 338 kcal). To evaluate the muscle damage effects, serum creatin kinase (CK) as a physiological parameter as well 10 m sprint, counter movement jump (CMJ) and 3RM-squat as functional markers were measured at two time points (t0, t24). In addition, the CK of five players was analysed after a soccer match. Results The results show a positive trend concerning sprint and squat performance in the shake group. Especially in the squat group a significant decrease of performance was observed in the placebo group compared to the shake group (PL: −5.0 kg, P ≤ 05, SH: −3,2 kg, P = .10). In CMJ and CK no difference was observed between the two groups. In both groups, the jump in CMJ decreased and the CK value increased significantly. The increase in CK due to intensive resistance training is also comparable to the muscle damage after a football match. Conclusions In summary, it was found that a quark/juice shake has a positive influence on strength performance in soccer players after intensive strength training. These findings confirm observations from previous studies. However, the positive effects on CK could not be observed in this study. Therefore, further research on conventional foodstuff after resistance training is necessary. Funding Sources No funding.

Comparison of lactational responses of dairy cows in Georgia and Israel to heat load and photoperiod

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aharoni ◽  
O. Ravagnolo ◽  
I. Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Good Match ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Daily Change ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe seasonal effects of heat load and photoperiod on yield and composition of milk from primiparous cows in the course of lactation were studied using test day records from 8968 primiparous cows on 76 farms in Georgia, collected from 1990 through 1997. The effect of prepartum photoperiod on milk production in the subsequent lactation of these cows was also evaluated. These estimated seasonal effects were compared with those estimated for 4728 primiparous cows on 13 farms, and for 1538 multiparous cows on three farms during consecutive lactations in Israel from 1994 through 1996. During lactation, the day length had a positive effect on milk yield and negative effects on fat and protein concentrations in the milk, but the daily change in day length had positive effects on milk yield and fat concentration, and a smaller positive effect on protein concentration. The day length during the prepartum period had negative effects on milk yield and fat and protein concentrations. The heat load during lactation had negative effects on milk yield and fat and protein concentrations. Most of the effects were highly (P < 0·001) significant. There was a very good match between the results obtained for primiparous cows in Georgia and Israel, for the combined effects of heat load and photoperiod during lactation on milk yield and protein and fat concentrations. The match between primiparous and multiparous cows in Israel was better for milk yield and protein concentration than for fat concentration. The estimated effects of pre-partum photoperiod were higher for multiparous cows in Israel than for primiparous cows in either country.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Performance Testing of Professional Soccer Players 1995–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Haugen ◽  
Espen Tønnessen ◽  
Stephen Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
National Team ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Effect Magnitude

Purpose:To compare sprint and countermovement-jump (CMJ) performance among competitive soccer players as a function of performance level, field position, and age. In addition, the authors wanted to quantify the evolution of these physical characteristics among professional players over a 15-y period.Methods:939 athletes (22.1 ± 4.3 y), including national-team players, tested 40-m sprint with electronic timing and CMJ on a force platform at the Norwegian Olympic Training Center between 1995 and 2010.Results:National-team and 1st-division players were faster (P < .05) than 2nd-division (1.0–1.4%), 3rd- to 5th-division (3.0–3.8%), junior national-team (1.7–2.2%), and junior players (2.8–3.7%). Forwards were faster than defenders (1.4%), midfielders (2.5%), and goalkeepers (3.2%) over 0–20 m (P < .001). Midfielders jumped ~2.0 cm lower than the other playing positions (P < .05). Sprinting velocity peaked in the age range 20–28 y and declined significantly thereafter (P < .05). Players from 2006–2010 had 1–2% faster 0–20 m and peak velocity than players from the 1995–1999 and 2000–2005 epochs, whereas no differences in CMJ performance were observed.Conclusions:This study provides effect-magnitude estimates for the influence of performance level, position, and age on sprint and CMJ performance in soccer. While CMJ performance has remained stable over the time, there has been a small but positive development in sprinting velocity among professional players.

scholarly journals The societal influences and quality of life among healthcare team members under COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Tsung Kao ◽  
Su-Ting Hsu ◽  
Frank Huang-Chih Chou ◽  
Li-Shiu Chou ◽  
Kuan-Ying Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Societal Influences ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Abstract Background: The corona virus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to put healthcare professionals across the world in an unprecedented situation. Methods: 683 healthcare workers were recruited in this study. Short form-12 items (SF-12), Societal Influences Survey Questionnaire (SISQ), and Disaster-Related Psychological Screening Test (DRPST) were used to survey participants. Multiple linear regression and structural equation model (SEM) were used to explore the possible factors to the societal influences and quality of life. Results: Female, older, more education years, married, regular intake and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequency had positive effects to SISQ. To physical component summary (PCS) of SF-12, chronic illness, sleep score, PTSD frequency and social distance had negative effects and exercise habits had positive effect. To mental component summary (MCS) value of SF-12, age, participate in clubs, volunteer or charity activities and social information had positive effects and PTSD frequency, sleep score, social anxiety and depression had negative effects. Under SEM analysis, PTSD had positive effect to SISQ. Sleep score and MCS value had negative effects to SISQ. PTSD severity, older age, Sleep score, smoking and Nursing staff had negative effects to PCS value. Young age, PTSD frequency, sleep score and depression had negative effects to MCS value. Conclusion: Healthcare team members with severer PTSD symptoms suffered more societal influences. Relative to PTSD severity, PTSD frequency was more important to the quality of life. Members of older age, who frequently participate in clubs, volunteers or charity activities had better mental life quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Equity Financing Options on Financial Performance of Non-Financial Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Benter Omollo Achieng ◽  
Willy Muturi ◽  
Joshua Wanjare
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Equity Financing ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Retained Earnings ◽  
Positive Effect

Corporate finance managers worldwide have for a long time consistently sought to maximize shareholders’ wealth and their firm’s market value through their decisions on firm’s capital structure. However, both scholars and practitioners of corporate finance are yet to agree on the optimal mix of equity and debt that maximizes a firm’s financial performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of equity financing options namely common stock (CS), retained earnings (REN) and total equity (TED) as ratios of total assets on the financial performance measured as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) of Kenya’s listed firms. Utilizing panel econometric techniques namely pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE), the study analyzes the effects of equity variables as ratios of total assets on the financial performance of 40 non-financial firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange between 2009 and 2015. The study’s empirical results show that CS ratio significantly and negatively affects ROA while REN ratio has a statistically significant and positive effect on ROA. Overall, TE ratio positively and significantly affects ROA. On the contrary, ROE is not significantly affected by the equity variables in the sample. While the non-significant effects of equity on ROE find support in Modigliani and Miller’s capital structure irrelevance theory, the positive effects of REN ratio and the negative effects of CS ratio on ROA, which are largely supported by the trade-off theory, may explain the pecking order theory’s prioritization of internal capital sources over debt and equity issuances. Thus, corporate finance managers should find a place for internal financing options particularly retained earnings to maximize equity holders’ returns on assets employed. Additionally, corporate finance managers should endeavour to minimize on the use of CS due to its negative effects on shareholder earnings on their assets. Nonetheless, a reasonable balance between CS and REN should be considered since the positive effect between TE and ROA is an appraisal for an optimum mix of equity financing options.

scholarly journals Assessment of Countermovement Jump Performance Recovery in Professional Soccer Players Using an Inertial Sensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Malachy P. McHugh ◽  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Will Abbott ◽  
Susan Y. Kwiecien ◽  
Ian J. Kremenic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Performance Recovery

scholarly journals The Main and Interactive Effects of Biological Maturity and Relative Age on Physical Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
James Parr ◽  
Keith Winwood ◽  
Emma Hodson-Tole ◽  
Frederik J. A. Deconinck ◽  
James P. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Biological Maturity

The main and interactive effect of biological maturity and relative age upon physical performance in adolescent male soccer players was considered. Consistent with previous research, it was hypothesised that participants of greater maturity or born earlier in the selection year would perform better in terms of physical performance tests. This cross-sectional study consisted of 84 male participants aged between 11.3 and 16.2 years from a professional soccer academy in the English Premier League. Date of birth, height, weight, and parental height were collected. Sprint, change of direction, countermovement jump, and reactive strength index were considered for physical performance. Relative age was based on the birth quarter for the selection year. Maturity status was based upon the percentage of predicted adult height attained. Linear regression models highlighted that maturation was associated with performance on all but one of the physical performance tests, the reactive strength index. In contrast, relative age only served as a significant predictor of performance on the countermovement jump. This study indicated that physical performance (in the tests studied) seems to be related to the biological maturity status of a player but not their relative age. This finding is important because it suggests that early-maturing players perform better in the majority of physical performance tests, and the commonly held belief that relative age effect influences performance may be overstated.

scholarly journals Association Between Match Activity Variables, Measures of Fatigue and Neuromuscular Performance Capacity Following Elite Competitive Soccer Matches

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Varley ◽  
Ryan Lewin ◽  
Robert Needham ◽  
Robin T. Thorpe ◽  
Ross Burbeary
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Performance Capacity ◽  
Neuromuscular Performance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Activity Variables

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between match activity variables, subsequent fatigue and neuromuscular performance capacity in elite soccer players. Subjects (n = 10) were professional soccer players participating in the English Championships. Match activity variables and markers of fatigue status were measured before and following two matches. Creatine kinase (CK) and muscle soreness were measured at baseline, immediately following, as well as 40 and 64 h post-match. Countermovement jump performance and perceived ratings of wellness were measured at baseline, then 40 and 64 h post-match. Relationships were shown between CK and the total number of accelerations and decelerations immediately (r = 0.63; large), 40 h (r = 0.45; moderate) and 64 h post-match (r = 0.35; moderate) (p < 0.05). Relationships between CK and total sprint distance (r = 0.39; moderate) and the number of sprints (r = 0.35; moderate) 40 h post-match (p < 0.05) were observed. Furthermore, relationships were shown between the perceived rating of wellness and number of accelerations 40 (r = 0.52; large) and 64 h (r = 0.40; moderate) post-match, sprint distance 40 h post-match (r = 0.40; moderate) and the total number of sprints 40 h post-match (r = 0.51; large) (p < 0.05). The quantification of match activity variables, particularly the total number of accelerations and decelerations and the number of sprints, provides insights into the fatigue status in elite soccer players 40 and 64 h post-match.

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