A Comparison of Heart Rate Training Load and Perceptual Effort Between Masters and Young Cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-762
Author(s):  
Nattai R. Borges ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan ◽  
Peter R. Reaburn ◽  
Thomas M. Doering
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Training Impulse

Purpose: Due to age-related changes in the psychobiological state of masters athletes, this brief report aimed to compare training load responses using heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during standardized training sessions between masters and young cyclists. Methods: Masters (n = 10; 55.6 [5.0] y) and young (n = 8; 25.9 [3.0] y) cyclists performed separate endurance and high-intensity interval training sessions. Endurance intensity was set at 95% of ventilatory threshold 2 for 1 hour. High-intensity interval training consisted of 6 × 30-second intervals at 175% peak power output with 4.5-minute rest between intervals. HR was monitored continuously and RPE collected at standardized time periods during each session. Banister training impulse and summated-HR-zones training loads were also calculated. Results: Despite a significantly lower mean HR in masters cyclists during endurance (P = .04; d = 1.06 [±0.8], moderate) and high-intensity interval training (P = .01; d = 1.34 [±0.8], large), no significant differences were noted (P > .05) when responses were determined relative to maximum HR or converted to training impulse and summated-HR-zone loads. Furthermore, no interaction or between-group differences were evident for RPE across either session (P > .05). Conclusions: HR and RPE values were comparable between masters and young cyclists when relative HR responses and HR training load models are used. This finding suggests HR and RPE methods used to monitor or prescribe training load can be used interchangeably between masters and young athletes irrespective of chronological age.

scholarly journals When It HIITs, You Feel No Pain: Psychological and Psychophysiological Effects of Respite–Active Music in High-Intensity Interval Training

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Costas I. Karageorghis ◽  
Leighton Jones ◽  
Luke W. Howard ◽  
Rhys M. Thomas ◽  
Panayiotis Moulashis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Fast Tempo ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The authors investigated the effects of respite–active music (i.e., music used for active recovery in between high-intensity exercise bouts) on psychological and psychophysiological outcomes. Participants (N = 24) made four laboratory visits for a habituation, medium- and fast-tempo music conditions, and a no-music control. A high-intensity interval-training protocol comprising 8 × 60-s exercise bouts at 100% Wmax with 90-s active recovery was administered. Measures were taken at the end of exercise bouts and recovery periods (rating of perceived exertion [RPE], state attention, and core affect) and then upon cessation of the protocol (enjoyment and remembered pleasure). Heart rate was measured throughout. Medium-tempo music enhanced affective valence during exercise and recovery, while both music conditions increased dissociation (only during recovery), enjoyment, and remembered pleasure relative to control. Medium-tempo music lowered RPE relative to control, but the heart rate results were inconclusive. As predicted, medium-tempo music, in particular, had a meaningful effect on a range of psychological outcomes.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Responses During High-Intensity Interval Training Prescribed by Rating of Perceived Exertion in Patients After Myocardial Infarction Enrolled in Early Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoshan Dun ◽  
Shane M. Hammer ◽  
Joshua R. Smith ◽  
Mary C. MacGillivray ◽  
Benjamin S. Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Objective: We aimed to determine the cardiorespiratory responses during, and adaptations to, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) prescribed using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) during early outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR).Methods: We prospectively recruited 29 MI patients after percutaneous coronary intervention who began CR within 2 weeks after hospital discharge. Eleven patients (seven men; four women; age: 61 ± 11 yrs) who completed ≥24 supervised HIIT sessions with metabolic gas exchange measured during HIIT once weekly for 8 weeks and performed pre- and post- CR cardiopulmonary exercise tests were included in the study. Each HIIT session consisted of 5–8 high-intensity intervals [HIIs, 1-min RPE 14–17 (Borg 6–20 scale)] and low-intensity intervals (LIIs, 4-min RPE < 12). Metabolic gas exchange, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure during HIIT were measured.Results: The mean oxygen uptake (V˙O2) during HIIs across 88 sessions of HIITs [91 (14)% of V˙O2peak, median (interquartile range, IQR)] was significantly higher than the lower limit of target V˙O2 zone (75% of V˙O2peak) recommended for the HII (p < 0.001). Exercise intensity during RPE-prescribed HIITs, determined as %V˙O2peak, was highly repeatable with intra-class correlations of 0.95 (95% CI 0.86– 0.99, p < 0.001). For cardiorespiratory adaptations from the first to the last session of HIIT, treadmill speed, treadmill grade, treadmill power, V˙O2HII, %V˙O2peak, and VE during HIIs were increased (all p < 0.05), while no difference was found for HR, %HRpeak and systolic blood pressure (all p > 0.05). V˙O2peak increased by an average of 9% from pre-CR to post-CR. No adverse events occurred.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that HIIT can be effectively prescribed using RPE in MI patients during early outpatient CR. Participation in RPE-prescribed HIIT increases exercise workload and V˙O2 during exercise training without increased perception of effort or excessive increases in heart rate or blood pressure.

Effects of 4-week small-sided games vs. high-intensity interval training with changes of direction in female collegiate basketball players

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110327
Author(s):  
Jinshu Zeng ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Yuanhong Xu ◽  
Wu Zhou ◽  
Fei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Collegiate Basketball ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
And Control ◽  
Movement Test

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of 4-week small-sided games (SSG) and high-intensity interval training with changes of direction (HIT-COD) on physical performance and specific technical skills in female collegiate basketball players. Nineteen players were divided into SSG (n = 9) and HIT-COD (n = 10) groups, that performed either SSG or HIT-COD three times per week for 4 weeks during the pre-season. Players’ heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion responses (RPE) were assessed during the intervention. Before and after the intervention period, performances were assessed with 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15IFT), repeated sprint ability (RSA) test, modified agility T-test (MAT), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint, shooting accuracy test, 1 min shooting test, passing test, defensive movement test and control dribble test. Both training interventions led to similar physiological and perceived exertion responses, showing no significant differences in HR ( P = .49, d = 0.2) and RPE ( P = .77, d = 0.1) between groups. Significant improvements were observed in 30-15IFT (SSG: 4.1%, d = 1.5; HIT-COD: 4.2%, d = 1.7), RSAmean (SSG: −2.2%, d = 1.0; HIT-COD: −1.9%, d = 1.0), RSAbest (SSG: −2.0%, d = 0.9; HIT-COD: −2.1%, d = 1.1), MAT (SSG: −7.2%, d = 1.7; HIT-COD: 5.7%, d = 1.5), defensive movement test (SSG: −5.1%, d = 2.1; HIT-COD: −5.8%, d = 1.8) and control dribble test (SSG: −3.4%, d = 1.0; HIT-COD: −2.6%, d = 1.0). The only significant group × time interaction was found ( P = .032, [Formula: see text] = 0.24), with SSG improving 1 min shooting (22.4%, d = 1.0) and HIT-COD performing slightly worse (−2.6%, d = 0.1) after a 4-week intervention. The current study suggests that using SSG is more effective than HIT-COD for female collegiate basketball players in pre-season, since SSG improves physical performance and basketball-specific movements as well as shooting abilities after a 4-week intervention.

scholarly journals The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Heart Rate Variability in Physically Inactive Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alansare ◽  
Ken Alford ◽  
Sukho Lee ◽  
Tommie Church ◽  
Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Physically Inactive

Physically inactive adults are prevalent worldwide. This study compared the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in physically inactive adults as a preliminary study. Thirteen physically inactive male adults (27.5 ± 3.80 years) were randomly assigned to HIIT (N = 7) or MICT (N = 6). The HIIT program consisted of 20 min of interval training with cycling to rest ratio of 10/50 s at ≥90% HRpeak, while the MICT program consisted of 40 min of continuous cycling at 60–75% HRpeak. Both groups completed eight sessions of training within two weeks. Time and frequency domains of HRV were measured for 20 min with Actiwave-Cardio monitor (CamNtech, UK). The number of R-R interval and inter-beat interval (IBI) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in both HIIT and MICT programs following eight sessions of training. A significant interaction effect for group by time was found in the lnLF/HF ratio (p < 0.05) where it was only improved in the HIIT group from pre- to post-test. The HIIT program is superior to MICT in improving HRV in physically inactive adults. The HIIT program can be applied as a time-efficient program for improving cardiac-autoregulation.

Comparison of different volumes of high intensity interval training on cardiac autonomic function in sedentary young women

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Bhati ◽  
Vishal Bansal ◽  
Jamal Ali Moiz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Young Women ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Purpose The present study was conducted to compare the effects of low volume of high intensity interval training (LVHIIT) and high volume of high intensity interval training (HVHIIT) on heart rate variability (HRV) as a primary outcome measure, and on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), body composition, and lower limb muscle strength as secondary outcome measures, in sedentary young women. Methods Thirty-six participants were recruited in this study. The LVHIIT group (n = 17) performed one 4-min bout of treadmill running at 85%–95% maximum heart rate (HRmax), followed by 3 min of recovery by running at 70% HRmax, three times per week for 6 weeks. The HVHIIT group (n = 15) performed four times 4-min bouts of treadmill running at 85%–95% HRmax, interspersed with 3-min of recovery by running at 70% HRmax, 3 times per week for 6 weeks. All criterion measures were measured before and after training in both the groups. Results Due to attrition of four cases, data of 32 participants was used for analysis. A significant increase in high frequency (HF) power (p < 0.001) and decrease in the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power (LF/HF) ratio (p < 0.001) in HRV parameters, was observed post-HVHIIT, whereas, these variables did not change significantly (HF: p = 0.92, LF/HF ratio: p = 0.52) in LVHIIT group. Nevertheless, both the interventions proved equally effective in improving aerobic capacity (VO2max), body composition, and muscle strength. Conclusion The study results suggest that both LVHIIT and HVHIIT are equally effective in improving VO2max, body composition, and muscle strength, in sedentary young women. However, HVHIIT induces parasympathetic dominance as well, as measured by HRV.

scholarly journals Physiological aspects and energetic contribution in 20s:10s high-intensity interval exercise at different intensities

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9791
Author(s):  
Gabriel V. Protzen ◽  
Charles Bartel ◽  
Victor S. Coswig ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
Fabricio B. Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background One of the most popular high-intensity interval exercises is the called “Tabata Protocol”. However, most investigations have limitations in describing the work intensity, and this fact appears to be due to the protocol unfeasibility. Furthermore, the physiological demands and energetic contribution during this kind of exercise remain unclear. Methods Eight physically active students (21.8 ± 3.7 years) and eight well-trained cycling athletes (27.8 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled. In the first visit, we collected descriptive data and the peak power output (PPO). On the next three visits, in random order, participants performed interval training with the same time structure (effort:rest 20s:10s) but using different intensities (115%, 130%, and 170% of PPO). We collected the number of sprints, power output, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and heart rate. Results The analysis of variance for multivariate test (number of sprints, power output, blood lactate, peak heart rate and percentage of maximal heart rate) showed significant differences between groups (F = 9.62; p = 0.001) and intensities (F = 384.05; p < 0.001), with no interactions (F = 0.94; p = 0.57). All three energetic contributions and intensities were different between protocols. The higher contribution was aerobic, followed by alactic and lactic. The aerobic contribution was higher at 115%PPO, while the alactic system showed higher contribution at 130%PPO. In conclusion, the aerobic system was predominant in the three exercise protocols, and we observed a higher contribution at lower intensities.

scholarly journals High-intensity interval training modulates retinal microvascular phenotype and DNA methylation of p66Shc gene: a randomized controlled trial (EXAMIN AGE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (15) ◽  
pp. 1514-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Streese ◽  
Abdul Waheed Khan ◽  
Arne Deiseroth ◽  
Shafaat Hussain ◽  
Rosa Suades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Retinal Arteriolar

Abstract Aims Impairments of retinal vessel diameter are associated with major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Promoter DNA methylation is a repressor of the mitochondrial adaptor p66Shc gene transcription, a key driver of ageing-induced reactive oxygen species. The study aimed to investigate whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) affects retinal microvascular phenotype as well as p66Shc expression and oxidative stress in ageing subjects with increased CV risk from the EXAMIN AGE cohort. Methods and results Eighty-four sedentary subjects (mean age 59.4 ± 7.0 years) with ≥2 CV risk factors were randomized into either a 12-week HIIT or standard physical activity recommendations. Retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were measured by use of a retinal vessel analyser. As a marker of oxidative stress plasma 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) level was determined by ELISA. Gene expression of p66Shc and DNA methylation were assessed in mononuclear cells by RT-qPCR and methylated-DNA capture (MethylMiner Enrichment Kit) coupled with qPCR, respectively. High-intensity interval training reduced body mass index, fat mass, low-density lipoprotein and increased muscle mass, as well as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Moreover, HIIT restored microvascular phenotype by inducing retinal arteriolar widening (pre: 175 ± 14 µm vs. post: 181 ± 13 µm, P = 0.001) and venular narrowing (pre: 222 ± 14 µm vs. post: 220 ± 14 µm, P = 0.007). After HIIT, restoration of p66Shc promoter methylation (P = 0.034) reduced p66Shc gene expression (P = 0.037) and, in turn, blunted 3-NT plasma levels (P = 0.002). Conclusion High-intensity interval training rescues microvascular dysfunction in ageing subjects at increased CV risk. Exercise-induced reprogramming of DNA methylation of p66Shc gene may represent a putative mechanistic link whereby exercise protects against age-related oxidative stress. Clinical trial registration  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02796976 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02796976).

Reducing Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity With High-Intensity Interval Training in Adults With Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-839
Author(s):  
Carley O’Neill ◽  
Shilpa Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact

Background: Low- and moderate-intensity exercise training has been shown to be effective for reducing general anxiety and anxiety sensitivity among adults with asthma. Exercise frequency and intensity have been shown to play an integral role in reducing anxiety sensitivity; however, less is known about the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anxiety in adults with asthma. Methods: A 6-week HIIT intervention was conducted with adults with asthma. Participants completed HIIT (10% peak power output for 1 min, 90% peak power output for 1 min, repeated 10 times) 3 times per week on a cycle ergometer. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 and the Body Sensations Questionnaire. Results: Total Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (PRE: 17.9 [11.8]; POST 12.4 [13], P = .002, Cohen d = 0.4, n = 20) and Body Sensations Questionnaire (PRE: 2.4 [1.0]; POST: 2.0 [0.8], P = .007, Cohen d = 0.3) improved from preintervention to postintervention. Conclusion: A 6-week HIIT intervention leads to improved anxiety among adults with asthma. Future research should determine the impact of HIIT among adults with asthma with clinical anxiety.

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