Cellular Phone Texting Impairs Gait in Able-bodied Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Parr ◽  
Chris J. Hass ◽  
Mark D. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cellular Phone ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Distraction Task ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

Cellular phone texting has become increasingly popular, raising the risk of distraction-related injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare alterations in gait parameters during normal gait as opposed to walking while texting. Thirty able-bodied young adults (age = 20 ± 2 y, height = 171 ± 40 cm, mass = 61.7 ± 11.2 kg) who reported texting on a regular basis were tested using an 11-camera optical motion capture system as they walked across an 8 m, obstacle-free floor. A reduction in velocity (P < .05) was seen along with additional significant changes in spatial and temporal parameters. Specifically, step width and double stance time increased, while toe clearance, step length, and cadence decreased. Although many of the changes in spatial and temporal parameters generally accompany slowed gait, the complex distraction task used here may have amplified these potentially deleterious effects. The combination of the slower gait velocity and decrease in attention to the surrounding environment suggests that an individual who is texting while walking could be at a greater risk of injury. Tripping injuries while texting could be more likely due to the decreased toe clearance. In addition, increased step width may increase the likelihood of stepping on an unstable surface or colliding with obstacles in close proximity.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF BMI ON TEMPORALSPATIAL PARAMETERS OF GAIT IN YOUNG ADULTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Nabeel Baig ◽  
Sundus Masood ◽  
Shazia Qudrat ◽  
Asif Ashiq Ali
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Obese Individual ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Participants

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of BMI on temporal-spatial gait parameters in young adults TARGET POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE Target population in this study is students. Total 40 students participated in this study. Participants were drawn from College of Physical Therapy. STUDY DESIGN Observational study METHOD 40 young adults both male and female were selected, keeping 10 students in each group of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Each participant was instructed to walk over 20 meters area both indoor and outdoor at their normal pace wearing normal footwear. Step length and cadence were measured and gait velocity of each participant was calculated. Results were compared for both outdoor and indoor walk. RESULT The result of this study revealed statistically no significant differences in the measured variables between four groups, i.e. underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese young individuals in both outdoor and indoor settings and found significant difference is indoor walk step length and gait velocity. Overweight and obese individuals have shorter step length and gait velocity, underweight individuals walk was better than other groups CONCLUSION The study shows no difference in gait in relation of BMI. There was the difference in step length and gait velocity in overweight and obese individual.

Immediate Effects of the Dorsiflexion Angle of Hinged Ankle-foot Orthosis on the Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters of Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
IlHyun Son ◽  
GyuChang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Abstract Background: It has been reported the effects of a hinged ankle-foot orthosis on the gait ability of children with cerebral palsy. However, no studies investigated the effects of the dorsiflexion angle of the hinged ankle-foot orthosis on the spatiotemporal gait parameters of children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of a 10° dorsiflexion inducing ankle-foot orthosis the spatiotemporal gait parameters of children with spastic diplegia compared to barefoot and a hinged ankle-foot orthosis.Methods: This study was cross-over design. 10 children with spastic diplegia were walked with barefoot, a hinged ankle-foot orthosis, and a 10° dorsiflexion inducing ankle-foot orthosis. GAITRite was used to collect the spatiotemporal gait parameters including gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, single leg support, and double leg support. Results: It showed that a 10° dorsiflexion inducing ankle-foot orthosis significantly improved the gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, single leg support, and double leg support than barefoot and a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study implied that a 10° dorsiflexion inducing ankle-foot orthosis could improve the gait ability of children with spastic diplegia more than barefoot or a hinged ankle-foot orthosis. High quality future studies will need to examine the effects of hinged ankle-foot orthosis on gait ability according to dorsiflexion angles.

scholarly journals Short-latency inhibition mitigates the relationship between conscious movement processing and overly cautious gait

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby J Ellmers ◽  
Elmar C Kal ◽  
James K Richardson ◽  
William R Young
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Base Of Support ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Overly cautious gait is common in older adults. This is characterised by excessively slow gait, shortened steps, broadened base of support and increased double limb support. The current study sought to (1) evaluate if overly cautious gait is associated with attempts to consciously process walking movements, and (2) explore whether an individual’s ability to rapidly inhibit a dominant motor response serves to mitigate this relationship. Methods A total of 50 older adults walked at a self-selected pace on an instrumented walkway containing two raised wooden obstacles (height = 23 cm). Trait conscious movement processing was measured with the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale. Short-latency inhibitory function was assessed using a validated electronic go/no-go ruler catch protocol. We used linear regressions to explore the relationship between these variables and gait parameters indicative of overly cautious gait. Results When controlling for general cognitive function (MoCA), and functional balance (Berg Balance Scale), the interaction between trait conscious movement processing and short-latency inhibition capacity significantly predicted gait velocity, step length and double limb support. Specifically, older adults with higher trait conscious movement processing and poorer inhibition were more likely to exhibit gait characteristics indicative of cautious gait (i.e. reduced velocity, shorter step lengths and increased double limb support). Neither conscious movement processing nor inhibition independently predicted gait performance. Conclusion The combination of excessive movement processing tendencies and poor short-latency inhibitory capacity was associated with dysfunctional or ‘overly cautious’ gait. It is therefore plausible that improvement in either factor may lead to improved gait and reduced fall risk.

scholarly journals Effect of Walking Adaptability on an Uneven Surface by a Stepping Pattern on Walking Activity After Stroke

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Sekiguchi ◽  
Keita Honda ◽  
Shin-Ichi Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Uneven Surface ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Walking Adaptability

Real-world walking activity is important for poststroke patients because it leads to their participation in the community and physical activity. Walking activity may be related to adaptability to different surface conditions of the ground. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether walking adaptability on an uneven surface by step is related to daily walking activity in patients after stroke. We involved 14 patients who had hemiparesis after stroke (age: 59.4 ± 8.9 years; post-onset duration: 70.7 ± 53.5 months) and 12 healthy controls (age: 59.5 ± 14.2 years). The poststroke patients were categorized as least limited community ambulators or unlimited ambulators. For the uneven surface, the study used an artificial grass surface (7 m long, 2-cm leaf length). The subjects repeated even surface walking and the uneven surface walking trials at least two times at a comfortable speed. We collected spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters on both the even and uneven surfaces using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. After we measured gait, the subjects wore an accelerometer around the waist for at least 4 days. We measured the number of steps per day using the accelerometer to evaluate walking activity. Differences in gait parameters between the even and uneven surfaces were calculated to determine how the subjects adapted to an uneven surface while walking. We examined the association between the difference in parameter measurements between the two surface properties and walking activity (number of steps per day). Walking activity significantly and positively correlated with the difference in paretic step length under the conditions of different surface properties in the poststroke patients (r = 0.65, p = 0.012) and step width in the healthy controls (r = 0.68, p = 0.015). The strategy of increasing the paretic step length, but not step width, on an uneven surface may lead to a larger base of support, which maintains stability during gait on an uneven surface in poststroke patients, resulting in an increased walking activity. Therefore, in poststroke patients, an increase in paretic step length during gait on an uneven surface might be more essential for improving walking activity.

scholarly journals Improved Kinect sensor based motion capturing system for gait assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Müller ◽  
Winfried Ilg ◽  
Martin A. Giese ◽  
Nicolas Ludolph
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microsoft Kinect ◽  
Kinect Sensor ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Motion Capturing

AbstractOptical motion capturing systems are expensive and require substantial dedicated space to be set up. On the other hand, they provide unsurpassed accuracy and reliability. In many situations however flexibility is required and the motion capturing system can only temporarily be placed. The Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor is comparatively cheap and with respect to gait analysis promising results have been published. We here present a motion capturing system that is easy to set up, flexible with respect to the sensor locations and delivers high accuracy in gait parameters comparable to a gold standard motion capturing system (VICON). Further, we demonstrate that sensor setups which track the person only from one-side are less accurate and should be replaced by two-sided setups. With respect to commonly analyzed gait parameters, especially step width, our system shows higher agreement with the VICON system than previous reports.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Periods of Walking Experience on Kinematic Gait Parameters in Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Marta Gimunová ◽  
Martin Sebera ◽  
Michal Bozděch ◽  
Kateřina Kolářová ◽  
Tomáš Vodička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to analyse the kinematic differences in gait between three groups of toddlers who differed in their weeks of independent walking (IW) experience, but not in anthropometrical characteristics, to determine the relationship between walking experience without the side effect of morphological differences on gait parameters. Twenty-six toddlers participated in this study. Depending on the week of their IW, toddlers were divided into three groups: Group 1 (1–5 weeks of IW), Group 2 (6–10 weeks of IW), and Group 3 (11–15 weeks of IW). Each toddler walked barefooted over a 2-m long pathway, and 3D kinematic data were obtained. A decrease in the upper limb position, hip flexion, and step width, i.e., changes towards the adult gait pattern, were observed in Group 3. Less experienced walkers exhibited a wider step width despite no statistically significant difference in body mass and height between groups. Results of this study show no statistically significant difference in step length between groups, suggesting that step length is more related to height than to the walking experience. The increased step length in more experienced walkers reported in previous studies may therefore be a result of different heights and not walking experience.

scholarly journals Speed-related but not detrended gait variability increases with more sensitive self-paced treadmill controllers at multiple slopes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251229
Author(s):  
Cesar R. Castano ◽  
Helen J. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
The Self ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

Self-paced treadmills are being used more frequently to study humans walking with their self-selected gaits on a range of slopes. There are multiple options to purchase a treadmill with a built-in controller, or implement a custom written self-paced controller, which raises questions about how self-paced controller affect treadmill speed and gait biomechanics on multiple slopes. This study investigated how different self-paced treadmill controller sensitivities affected gait parameters and variability on decline, level, and incline slopes. We hypothesized that increasing self-paced controller sensitivity would increase gait variability on each slope. We also hypothesized that detrended variability could help mitigate differences in variability that arise from differences in speed fluctuations created by the self-paced controllers. Ten young adults walked on a self-paced treadmill using three controller sensitivities (low, medium, and high) and fixed speeds at three slopes (decline, -10°; level, 0°; incline, +10°). Within each slope, average walking speeds and spatiotemporal gait parameters were similar regardless of self-paced controller sensitivity. With higher controller sensitivities on each slope, speed fluctuations, speed variance, and step length variance increased whereas step frequency variance and step width variance were unaffected. Detrended variance was not affected by controller sensitivity suggesting that detrending variability helps mitigate differences associated with treadmill speed fluctuations. Speed-trend step length variances, however, increased with more sensitive controllers. Further, detrended step length variances were similar for self-paced and fixed speed walking, whereas self-paced walking included substantial speed-trend step length variance not present in fixed speed walking. In addition, regardless of the self-paced controller, subjects walked fastest on the level slope with the longest steps, narrowest steps, and least variance. Overall, our findings suggest that separating gait variability into speed-trend and detrended variability could be beneficial for interpreting gait variability among multiple self-paced treadmill studies and when comparing self-paced walking with fixed speed walking.

scholarly journals Speed-related but not detrended gait variability increases with more sensitive self-paced treadmill controllers at multiple slopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar R. Castano ◽  
Helen J. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
The Self ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

AbstractSelf-paced treadmills are being used more and more to study humans walking with their self-selected gaits on a range of slopes. There are multiple options to purchase a treadmill with or implement a custom written self-paced controller, which raises questions about how self-paced controller affect treadmill speed and gait biomechanics on multiple slopes. This study investigated how different self-paced treadmill controller sensitivities affected gait parameters and variability on a decline, level, and incline slopes. We hypothesized that increasing self-paced controller sensitivity would increase gait variability on each slope. We also hypothesized that detrended variability could help mitigate differences in variability that arise from differences in speed fluctuations created by the self-paced controllers. Ten young adults walked on a self-paced treadmill using three self-paced controller sensitivities (low, medium, and high) and fixed speeds at three slopes (decline, −10°; level, 0°; incline, +10°). Within each slope, average walking speeds and spatiotemporal gait parameters were similar regardless of self-paced controller sensitivity. With higher controller sensitivities on each slope, speed fluctuations, speed variance, and step length variance increased whereas step frequency variance and step width variance were unaffected. Detrended variance was not affected by controller sensitivity suggesting that detrending variability helps mitigate differences associated with treadmill speed fluctuations. Speed-trend step length variances, however, increased with more sensitive controllers. Further, detrended step length variances were similar for self-paced and fixed speed walking, whereas self-paced walking included substantial speed-trend step length variance not present in fixed speed walking. In addition, regardless of the self-paced controller, subjects walked fastest on the level slope with the longest steps, widest steps, and least variance. Overall, our findings suggest that separating gait variability into speed-trend and detrended variability could be beneficial for interpreting gait variability among multiple self-paced treadmill studies and when comparing self-paced walking with fixed speed walking.

The effect of a multi-modal boxing exercise program on cognitive locomotor tasks and gait in persons with Parkinson disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Staci Shearin ◽  
Michael Braitsch ◽  
Ross Querry
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walking Velocity ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disease resulting in motor impairments, postural instability, and gait alterations which may result in self-care limitations and loss of mobility reducing quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This study’s purpose was to determine the impact of a community-based boxing program on gait parameters, dual task and backwards walking in individuals with PD. METHODS: This study included 26 community dwelling individuals with PD who participated in 12-week boxing classes (1 hour, 2 times a week). The focus was on upper/lower extremity exercises using punching bags, agility drills, and strengthening activities. Pre/post testing was performed for dual task and gait parameters and was analyzed using t-tests. RESULTS: Analysis of the scores indicated participants performed significantly better at post-test compared to pre-test on self-selected walking velocity (P = 0.041), cadence (P = 0.021); backwards walking velocity (P = 0.003), step length (P = 0.022); dual task walking velocity (P = 0.044), step length (P = 0.023), and gait variability index (P = 0.008). No significant differences for fast walking. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-modal boxing produced improvements in gait velocity, dual task velocity, step length, and gait variability, as well as backwards walking velocity and step length. These improvements may impact independence with functional mobility and may improve safety but require further studies.

scholarly journals Towards Inertial Sensor Based Mobile Gait Analysis: Event-Detection and Spatio-Temporal Parameters

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Teufl ◽  
Michael Lorenz ◽  
Markus Miezal ◽  
Bertram Taetz ◽  
Michael Fröhlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The aim of this study was to assess the validity and test-retest reliability of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) system for gait analysis. Twenty-four healthy subjects conducted a 6-min walking test and were instrumented with seven IMUs and retroreflective markers. A kinematic approach was used to estimate the initial and terminal contact events in real-time. Based on these events twelve spatio-temporal parameters (STP) were calculated. A marker based optical motion capture (OMC) system provided the reference. Event-detection rate was about 99%. Detection offset was below 0.017 s. Relative root mean square error (RMSE) ranged from 0.90% to 4.40% for most parameters. However, the parameters that require spatial information of both feet showed higher errors. Step length showed a relative RMSE of 6.69%. Step width and swing width revealed the highest relative RMSE (34.34% and 35.20%). Test-retest results ranged from 0.67 to 0.92, except for the step width (0.25). Summarizing, it appears that the parameters describing the lateral distance between the feet need further improvement. However, the results of the validity and reliability of the IMU system encourage its validation in clinical settings as well as further research.

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