The Relationship Between Surface Electromyographic Activity and Torque Production of the Infraspinatus Muscle in Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Bill Stodart ◽  
Maria Cup ◽  
Curtis Kindel
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
The Relationship

In current rehabilitation practice, exercise selection is commonly based on the amount of muscle recruitment demonstrated by electromyographic (EMG) analysis. A preponderance of evidence supports the concept that EMG of a muscle and torque output are positively correlated. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between surface EMG activity of the infraspinatus and torque production during exercises involving shoulder external rotation (ER). A total of 30 participants (average age = 24.6 y) performed maximum voluntary isometric contraction of ER at 5 points within the range of motion of 3 shoulder exercise positions with concomitant surface EMG recording. As a maximal internally rotated position was approached, maximum ER torque and minimum or near-minimum EMG recruitment were demonstrated. Conversely, at maximally externally rotated positions, EMG activity was greatest and torque values were lowest. An inverse relationship between joint torque output and EMG activity was established in each of the 3 exercises. The inverse relationship between EMG activity and torque output during Shoulder ER suggests that there may be additional factors warranting consideration during exercise selection. Further research may be needed to determine the relative value of electrical activity versus torque output to optimize the selection of rehabilitative exercises.

The effect of toe-tap exercise on abductor hallucis activity and medial longitudinal arch angle in individuals with pes planus

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Min-Hyeok Kang ◽  
Sang-Min Cha ◽  
Jae-Seop Oh
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Abductor Hallucis ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Longitudinal Arch

BACKGROUND: Active interventions for pes planus, including short-foot exercises (SF) and toe-spread-out exercises (TSO), aim to continuously support the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) by activating the abductor hallucis (AbdH) muscle. However, compensatory movements, such as ankle supination and/or plantar flexion, often occur during these exercises. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of a novel exercise, i.e., the toe-tap (TT) exercise on AbdH activity and MLA angle. METHODS: A total of 16 participants with pes planus participated in this study. Participants performed SF, TSO, and TT exercises. Electromyographic activity of the AbdH and MLA angle during three AbdH contraction exercises were recorded using surface EMG system and digital image analysis program, respectively. The differences in outcome measures among the three exercises were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: The EMG activity of the AbdH was significantly greater during the TT exercise compared to the SF and TSO exercises. The MLA angle was significantly smaller during the TT exercise compared with the SF and TSO exercises. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the TT exercise could be effective in activating the AbdH and increasing height of the MLA, as part of a sports rehabilitation program for individuals with pes planus.

scholarly journals Electromyographical Comparison of Four Common Shoulder Exercises in Unstable and Stable Shoulders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Sciascia ◽  
Nina Kuschinsky ◽  
Arthur J. Nitz ◽  
Scott D. Mair ◽  
Tim L. Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Push Up

This study examines if electromyographic (EMG) amplitude differences exist between patients with shoulder instability and healthy controls performing scaption, prone horizontal abduction, prone external rotation, and push-up plus shoulder rehabilitation exercises. Thirty nine subjects were categorized by a single orthopedic surgeon as having multidirectional instability (n=10), anterior instability (n=9), generalized laxity (n=10), or a healthy shoulder (n=10). Indwelling and surface electrodes were utilized to measure EMG activity (reported as a % of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)) in various shoulder muscles during 4 common shoulder exercises. The exercises studied effectively activated the primary musculature targeted in each exercise equally among all groups. The serratus anterior generated high activity (50–80% MVIC) during a push-up plus, while the infraspinatus and teres major generated moderate-to-high activity (30–80% MVIC) during both the prone horizontal and prone external rotation exercises. Scaption exercise generated moderate activity (20–50% MVIC) in both rotator cuff and scapular musculature. Clinicians should feel confident in prescribing these shoulder-strengthening exercises in patients with shoulder instability as the activation levels are comparable to previous findings regarding EMG amplitudes and should improve the dynamic stabilization capability of both rotator cuff and scapular muscles using exercises designed to address glenohumeral joint instability.

Effects of hip rotation on the electromyographic activity of the medial and lateral hamstrings and muscle force

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wootaek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Prone Position ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Hamstring Muscles ◽  
Extension Force ◽  
Hip Rotation ◽  
Hip Extension

BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, knee flexion at the prone position for manual muscle testing of hamstrings and hip extension at the supine position for stretching of hamstring muscles are typically proposed. OBJECTIVE: Although different positions have been proposed for different purposes in hamstrings, the understanding of the changing the functional role of hamstrings with position changes is poorly understood. METHODS: The electromyographic (EMG) activity and hip extension force were compared among different postures; hip neutral, internal, and external rotation. EMG and force were measured in prone position during knee flexion and those were additionally measured in supine position during hip extension. In supine position, additional measurements were made in hip neutral, internal and external rotation. RESULTS: Hamstrings showed high EMG activity during knee flexion. Knee flexion force in prone position was significantly decreased at hip extension force in supine position. In supine position, EMG activity was significantly higher in semitendinosus (ST) than biceps femoris (BF) during internal rotation. CONCLUSIONS: It should be noted that bi-articular muscles may have different functional dependencies on the corresponding muscles for each joint. In addition, because the altered alignment of the hamstring muscles that was affected by hip rotation had a significant effect on muscle activity, and hip rotation may be helpful for selective training of medial or lateral hamstrings.

scholarly journals Effect of Selective Muscle Training Using Visual Emg Biofeedback on Infraspinatus and Posterior Deltoid

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
One-bin Lim ◽  
Jeong-ah Kim ◽  
Si-jeong Song ◽  
Heon-seock Cynn ◽  
Chung-hwi Yi
Keyword(s):  
Activity Ratio ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Deltoid Muscle ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Emg Biofeedback ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Abstract We investigated the effects of visual electromyography (EMG) biofeedback during side-lying shoulder external rotation exercise on the EMG amplitude for the posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, and infraspinatus/posterior deltoid EMG activity ratio. Thirty-one asymptomatic subjects were included. Subjects performed side-lying shoulder external rotation exercise with and without visual EMG biofeedback. Surface EMG was used to collect data from the posterior deltoid and infraspinatus muscles. The visual EMG biofeedback applied the pre-established threshold to prevent excessive posterior deltoid muscle contraction. A paired t-test was used to determine the significance of the measurements between without vs. with visual EMG biofeedback. Posterior deltoid activity significantly decreased while infraspinatus activity and the infraspinatus/posterior activity ratio significantly increased during side-lying shoulder external rotation exercise with visual EMG biofeedback. This suggests that using visual EMG biofeedback during shoulder external rotation exercise is a clinically effective training method for reducing posterior deltoid activity and increasing infraspinatus activity.

Upper Extremity and Cue Kinematics, and Shoulder Muscle Electromyographic Activity of Novus Players of Different Skill Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Viire Talts ◽  
Jaan Ereline ◽  
Tatjana Kums ◽  
Mati Pääsuke ◽  
Helena Gapeyeva
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Recruitment Pattern ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Analysis System

Our aim with the current study was to compare upper extremity and cue kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activation of shoulder muscles during novus (a special form of billiards) shots of different difficulty levels. Ten proficient and 10 less-skilled novus players performed 3 types of novus shots (penalties, cuts, rebounds) 10 times each. During each shot, elbow flexion and cue–forearm angles (using a movement analysis system), and surface EMG activity of the trapezius, posterior, and lateral deltoid muscles of each subject’s dominant side, were measured. Data were compared between more- and less-skilled players, and successful compared with unsuccessful shots. Elbow flexion angle among the more-skilled players was 24.5% larger (P < .001) during unsuccessful cut shots than successful ones. The more-skilled players performed successful penalty and rebound shots with 26.8% and 49.8% lower (P < .01 and P < .001, respectively) EMG activity of the trapezius muscle than unsuccessful ones. Less-skilled players’ shots were characterized by higher EMG activity in the trapezius muscle. The obtained findings suggest that the more-skilled novus players had acquired a different muscle recruitment pattern than less-skilled players.

Estimation of maximal muscle electromyographic activity from the relationship between muscle activity and voluntary activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenzo C. Kishimoto ◽  
Martin E. Heroux ◽  
Simon C. Gandevia ◽  
Jane E. Butler ◽  
Joanna Diong
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Voluntary Activation ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽  
Voluntary Muscle ◽  
The Relationship

Maximal muscle activity recorded with surface electromyography (EMG) is an important neurophysiological measure. It is frequently used to normalize EMG activity recorded during passive or active movement. However, the true maximal muscle activity cannot be determined in people with impaired capacity to voluntarily activate their muscles. Here we determined whether maximal muscle activity can be estimated from muscle activity produced during submaximal voluntary activation. Twenty-five able-bodied adults (18 males, mean age 29 years, range 19-64 years) participated in the study. Participants were seated with the knee flexed 90° and the ankle in 5° of dorsiflexion from neutral. Participants performed isometric voluntary ankle plantarflexion contractions at target torques, in random order: 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95, 100% of maximal voluntary torque. Ankle torque, muscle activity in soleus, medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles, and voluntary muscle activation determined using twitch interpolation were recorded. There was a strong loge-linear relationship between measures of muscle activation and muscle activity in all three muscles tested. Linear mixed models were fitted to muscle activation and loge-transformed EMG data. Each 1% increase in muscle activation increased muscle activity by a mean of 0.027 ln(mV) [95% CI 0.025 to 0.029 ln(mV)] in soleus, 0.025 ln(mV) [0.022 to 0.028 ln(mV)] in medial gastrocnemius, and 0.028 ln(mV) [0.026 to 0.030 ln(mV)] in lateral gastrocnemius. The relationship between voluntary muscle activation and muscle activity can be described with simple mathematical functions. In future, it should be possible to normalize recorded muscle activity using these types of functions.

Comparison of Electromyographic Activity and Range of Neck Motion in Violin Students with and without Neck Pain During Playing

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyue-nam Park ◽  
Oh-yun Kwon ◽  
Sung-min Ha ◽  
Su-jung Kim ◽  
Hyun-jung Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Upper Trapezius

Neck pain is common in violin students during a musical performance. The purpose of this study was to compare electromyographic (EMG) activity in superficial neck muscles with neck motion when playing the violin as well as neck range of motion (ROM) at rest, between violin students with and without neck pain. Nine violin students with neck pain and nine age- and gender-matched subjects without neck pain were recruited. Muscle activity of the bilateral upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and superficial cervical extensor muscles was measured using surface EMG. Kinematic data on neck motion while playing and active neck ROM were also measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Independent t-tests were used to compare EMG activity with kinematic data between groups. These analyses revealed that while playing, both the angle of left lateral bending and leftward rotation of the cervical spine were significantly greater in the neck pain group than among those without neck pain. Similarly, EMG activity of the left upper trapezius, both cervical extensors, and both sternocleidomastoid muscles were significantly greater in the neck pain group. The active ROM of left axial rotation was significantly lower in the neck pain group. These results suggest that an asymmetric playing posture and the associated increased muscle activity as well as decreased neck axial rotation may contribute to neck pain in violin students.

scholarly journals Effect of elbow joint angles on electromyographic activity versus force relationships of synergistic muscles of the triceps brachii

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252644
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Akima ◽  
Hisashi Maeda ◽  
Teruhiko Koike ◽  
Koji Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Neuromuscular Activation ◽  
Force Matching ◽  
Force Relationship

The electromyographic (EMG) activity and force relationship, i.e. EMG-force relationship, is a valuable indicator of the degree of the neuromuscular activation during isometric force production. However, there is minimal information available regarding the EMG-force relationship of individual triceps brachii (TB) muscles at different elbow joint angles. This study aimed to compare the EMG-force relationships of the medial (TB-Med), lateral (TB-Lat), and long heads (TB-Long) of the TB. 7 men and 10 women performed force matching isometric tasks at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) at 60°, 90°, and 120° of extension. During the submaximal force matching tasks, the surface EMG signals of the TB-Med, TB-Lat, and TB-Long were recorded and calculated the root mean square (RMS). RMS of each force level were then normalized by RMS at 100%MVC. For the TB-Med, ultrasonography was used to determine the superficial region of the muscle that faced the skin surface to minimize cross-talk. The joint angle was monitored using an electrogoniometer. The elbow extension force, elbow joint angle, and surface EMG signals were simultaneously sampled at 2 kHz and stored on a personal computer. The RMS did not significantly differ between the three muscles, except between the TB-Med and TB-Lat during 20%MVC at 60°. The RMS during force levels of ≥ 60%MVC at 120° was significantly lower than that at 60° or 90° for each muscle. The sum of difference, which represents the difference in RMS from the identical line, did not significantly differ in any of the assessed muscles in the present study. This suggests that a relatively smaller neuromuscular activation could be required when the elbow joint angle was extended. However, neuromuscular activation levels and relative force levels were matched in all three TB synergists when the elbow joint angle was at 90° or a more flexed position.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Immediate Effect of Auricular Acupuncture on Pain and Electromyographic Activity of the Upper Trapezius Muscle in Patients with Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Sham-Controlled, Crossover Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Cristina de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Daniela Aparecida Biasotto-Gonzalez ◽  
Douglas Meira dos Santos ◽  
Nivea Cristina De Melo ◽  
Cid André Fidelis de Paula Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Auricular Acupuncture ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Upper Trapezius Muscle

Background. The aim of the present study was to assess the immediate effects of auricular acupuncture (AA) on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper trapezius muscle and pain in nonspecific neck pain (NS-NP) patients. Twelve patients with NS-NP (NS-NP group) and 12 healthy subjects (HS Group) were enrolled in a randomized, single-blinded, crossover study. Each subject received a single session of AA and sham AA (SAA). Surface EMG activity was measured in the upper trapezius muscle at different “step contractions” of isometric shoulder elevation (15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% MVC). The outcome measure in patients with NS-NP was based on the numerical pain rating scale (NRS). AA treatment led to a significant decrease in EMG activity in both groups (NS-NP group:p= 0.0001; HS group:p< 0.0001—ANOVA test). This was not the case for the SAA treatment (NS-NP group:p= 0.71; HS group:p< 0.54). Significant decreases (p< 0.001) in the NRS were found for both treatments (AA and SAA). This study demonstrated the immediate effect of auricular acupuncture on the electromyographic activity of the upper trapezius muscle but the effect of this intervention on pain symptoms in patients with nonspecific neck pain was inconclusive.

Association between Social Media Use for Health Purpose and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Yun Lee ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Cho Rong Won ◽  
Jiyoung Lee ◽  
Jeongwon Baik
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Purpose

BACKGROUND The use of social media or social networking sites (SNS) is increasing across all age groups, and one of the primary motives of using SNS is to seek health-related information. Although previous research examining the effect of SNS use on depression exist, studies regarding the effect of SNS use for health purpose on depression is limited. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the relationship between SNS use for health purpose and depression across the four age groups (18-34 years old, 35-49 years old, 50-64 years old, and above 65 years old). METHODS A sample of 6,789 adults aged 18 and older was extracted from a 2017 and 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Univariate and bivariate analyses to examine the association between each variable and four age groups were conducted. Multiple linear regression analyses to predict depression level among participants with use of SNS for health purpose were conducted. RESULTS SNS use for health purpose and depression were positively associated for three age groups but not for those 65 years or older (=0.13, P<0.05; =0.08, P<0.05; =0.09, P<0.05). Income and self-reported health status indicated an inverse relationship for all age groups. The relationship with marital status differed based on age group with 18 and 34 years old showing an inverse relationship (=-0.13, P<0.01) while 65 years or older showing a positive relationship (=0.06, P<0.05). Gender was positively associated among those in the 35-49 years old (=0.09, P<0.05) and 65 years or older (=0.07, P<0.05). Being Non-Hispanic White was positively associated with depression among 50-64 years old (=0.07, P<0.001) and 65 years or older (=0.08, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Age-tailored education on determining accurate and reliable information shared via SNS is needed to reduce depressive symptoms.

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