Day-to-Day Consistency of Lower Extremity Kinematics during Walking and Running

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wolf ◽  
Renate List ◽  
Thomas Ukelo ◽  
Christian Maiwald ◽  
Alex Stacoff
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Almost All

Before conclusions can be drawn with respect to the quality of adaptations in human gait, the day-to-day consistency of the variables of interest must be known. The present study estimated the day-to-day consistency of kinematic variables collected during barefoot walking and running. Sixteen healthy subjects performed two gait analysis sessions based on skin markers. Test sessions were at least 1 week apart. In total, 48 ranges of motion were monitored for the hip, knee, ankle, and midfoot joint. Based on differences between the repeated gait analysis sessions, the day-to-day consistency was estimated. It was found that the day-to-day consistency was of the magnitude of 3 to 4 degrees for almost all ranges of motion independently of the test condition, the investigated joints, or the cardinal body plane. It was concluded that future studies on effects of interventions or on the characterization of pathological versus normative gait should consider the provided values of day-to-day consistency to improve their interpretation and conclusions.

Physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of hospital effluents and their impact on the environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Hospital Effluents ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Direct Discharge ◽  
Significant Chemical

Liquid effluents discharged by hospitals may contain chemical and biological contaminants whose main source is the different substances used for the treatment of patients. This type of rejection can present a sanitary potentially dangerous risk for human health and can provoke a strong degradation of diverse environmental compartments mainly water and soils. The present study focuses on the quality of the liquid effluents of Hassani Abdelkader’s hospital of Sidi Bel-Abbes (West of Algeria). The results reveal a significant chemical pollution (COD: 879 mgO2/L, BOD5: 850 mgO2/L, NH4+ : 47.9 mg/l, NO2- : 4.2 mg/l, NO3- : 56.8 mg/l with respect to WHO standard of 90 mgO2/L, 30 mgO2/L, 0.5 mg/l, 1 mg/l and 1 mg/l respectively). However, these effluents are biodegradable since the ratio COD/BOD5 do not exceeded the value of 2 in almost all samples. The presence of pathogen germs is put into evidence such as pseudomonas, the clostridium, the staphylococcus, the fecal coliforms and fecal streptococcus. These results show that the direct discharge of these effluents constitutes a major threat to human health and the environment.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota profiles and characterization of cultivable fungal isolates in IBS patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Sciavilla ◽  
Francesco Strati ◽  
Monica Di Paola ◽  
Monica Modesto ◽  
Francesco Vitali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Studies so far conducted on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been focused mainly on the role of gut bacterial dysbiosis in modulating the intestinal permeability, inflammation, and motility, with consequences on the quality of life. Limited evidences showed a potential involvement of gut fungal communities. Here, the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota of a cohort of IBS patients have been characterized and compared with that of healthy subjects (HS). The IBS microbial community structure differed significantly compared to HS. In particular, we observed an enrichment of bacterial taxa involved in gut inflammation, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Fusobacteria, Gemella, and Rothia, as well as depletion of health-promoting bacterial genera, such as Roseburia and Faecalibacterium. Gut microbial profiles in IBS patients differed also in accordance with constipation. Sequence analysis of the gut mycobiota showed enrichment of Saccharomycetes in IBS. Culturomics analysis of fungal isolates from feces showed enrichment of Candida spp. displaying from IBS a clonal expansion and a distinct genotypic profiles and different phenotypical features when compared to HS of Candida albicans isolates. Alongside the well-characterized gut bacterial dysbiosis in IBS, this study shed light on a yet poorly explored fungal component of the intestinal ecosystem, the gut mycobiota. Our results showed a differential fungal community in IBS compared to HS, suggesting potential for new insights on the involvement of the gut mycobiota in IBS. Key points • Comparison of gut microbiota and mycobiota between IBS and healthy subjects • Investigation of cultivable fungi in IBS and healthy subjects • Candida albicans isolates result more virulent in IBS subjects compared to healthy subjects

scholarly journals EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE COFFE (Coffea arabica L.) FRIGIDA4-like GENE (CaFRL4)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Matheus Martins Daude ◽  
André Almeida Lima ◽  
Antonio Chalfun Junior ◽  
Horllys Gomes Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Production Losses ◽  
Flowering Process

ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the most economically important commodities. In Brazil, this crop is responsible for generating more than eight million jobs. In the foreign market, Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of coffee. Due to its economic importance, several studies aiming the improvement of coffee are conducted, but there are still problems related to its productivity and quality of the beverage, such as sequential flowering, which causes production losses and a low quality drink. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the flowering process is essential to elucidate how flowering occurs in the coffee crop. The FRI gene is one of the main genes involved in flowering, as it positively regulates the FLC gene at expression levels that inhibit flowering. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and analyze the expression of the FRIGIDA4-like gene (FRL4) through Bioinformatics and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The CaFRL4 gene was identified and showed high expression levels in leaf during flowering, which corroborates with the literature. The results obtained provide the basis for future studies involving genetic transformation in model plants and coffee, permitting the functional characterization of this gene.

Overview of the Application of Flow Microreactors in the Synthesis of Silver Nanomaterials

NANO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoai He ◽  
Aijuan Lu ◽  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Junfang Chen ◽  
Qianhui Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Silver Nanomaterials ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Flow Microreactors

The unique electrical, optical and biological properties of silver nanomaterials have attracted significant attention of many researchers. Since the size and shape of silver nanomaterials have significant effects on the properties of silver nanomaterials, extensive research has focused on synthesis and characterization of silver nanomaterials. However, almost all of the syntheses of silver nanomaterials were carried out in traditional batch reactors, which typically suffer from inhomogeneous mixing and corresponding spatial variations under reaction conditions, ultimately leading to poor quality of the final nanomaterials. Recently, the emerging microfluidic technology not only furnishes novel strategies for the synthesis of silver nanomaterials but also brings great opportunities and impetus to improve the quality and yield of silver nanomaterials due to enhanced mass and heat transfer. The current paper reviews recent achievements in the synthesis of silver nanomaterials in flow microreactors. Various strategies adopted for the synthesis of silver nanomaterials in microreactors are presented and compared, including synthesis in single-phase and multi-phase flow microreactors. In addition, the factors that affect the size and size distribution of silver nanomaterials in flow microreactors synthesis are also discussed briefly.

scholarly journals A pilot study: lenticule quality of hyperopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in rabbits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Tian Han ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Xingtao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate lenticule surface characteristics of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for hyperopia correction in. Methods: The left and right eyes of 8 rabbits were divided into two groups. The right eyes were assigned to a hyperopia group, and the left eyes to a myopia group. The rabbits received SMILE procedures with +3.00 D and –3.00 D correction for the hyperopia and myopia groups, respectively. Extracted lenticules were examined via scanning electron microscopy. Lenticules from odd-numbered rabbits were accessed with the anterior surface, and lenticules from even-numbered rabbits were observed with the posterior surface. A previously established scoring system was used to evaluate lenticule surface characteristics. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the scores between the two groups. Results: All procedures were performed successfully, and the lenticules were extracted smoothly. One myopia lenticule that was facing downward was handled failed in preparation for imaging, thus 15 lenticules were ultimately graded. Twelve lenticules exhibited smooth surfaces, and regularly arranged tissue bridges were observed in almost all regions. Three lenticules exhibited a partially rough surface and irregularities affecting more than 10% of the lenticules (2 in the hyperopia group and 1 in the myopia group). There was no significant difference between the scores of the surfaces of the lenticules in the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The surface quality of lenticules after SMILE for hyperopia correction may be comparable to that of myopia lenticules. Future studies should concentrate on the clinical effect of human hyperopia lenticules.

An Overview of Facilities Providing Clinical Services for Persons Who Stutter in Kuwait

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Latifa Alsalmi ◽  
Robert Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Department Heads ◽  
Clinical Services ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Language Services ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Clinical Directors

Presently, no clear picture is available about the facilities providing clinical services for persons who stutter (PWS) in Kuwait. This information is crucial for any awareness program to be established in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical facilities and speech-language personnel that provide services for PWS in Kuwait. Participants consisted of 21 clinical directors of governmental medical centers, non-profit clinics, and private clinics as well as department heads of governmental school clinics where speech-language services were provided. Participants were interviewed regarding the availability of speech-language services within their centers and whether or not PWS receive services. The results revealed that four out of five governmental medical centers with a total of 32 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provided services for PWS. Additionally, 12 schools of special education were found to have 62 SLPs on their staff providing fluency services for students. Finally, two stand-alone private clinics and one non-profit clinic provided services for PWS. Results indicated an overall shortage of SLPs in the country, especially in medical settings. This study sets the foundation for a series of future studies investigating the type and quality of stuttering services provided by the identified facilities in Kuwait.

Quick Reference: Chapter 3: The Musculoskeletal System and Chapter 4: The Nervous System

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Multistep Method ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Lesions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whether due to injury or illness, commonly result in residual symptoms and signs and, hence, permanent impairment. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, divides PNS deficits into sensory and motor and includes pain in the former. This article, which regards rating sensory and motor deficits of the lower extremities, is continued from the March/April 2000 issue of The Guides Newsletter. Procedures for rating extremity neural deficits are described in Chapter 3, The Musculoskeletal System, section 3.1k for the upper extremity and sections 3.2k and 3.2l for the lower limb. Sensory deficits and dysesthesia are both disorders of sensation, but the former can be interpreted to mean diminished or absent sensation (hypesthesia or anesthesia) Dysesthesia implies abnormal sensation in the absence of a stimulus or unpleasant sensation elicited by normal touch. Sections 3.2k and 3.2d indicate that almost all partial motor loss in the lower extremity can be rated using Table 39. In addition, Section 4.4b and Table 21 indicate the multistep method used for spinal and some additional nerves and be used alternatively to rate lower extremity weakness in general. Partial motor loss in the lower extremity is rated by manual muscle testing, which is described in the AMA Guides in Section 3.2d.

A Thorough Theoretical Exploration of Intriguing Characteristics of Cyclo[18]carbon: Geometry, Bonding Nature, Aromaticity, Weak Interaction, Reactivity, Excited States, Vibrations, Molecular Dynamics and Various Molecular Properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Lu ◽  
Qinxue Chen ◽  
Zeyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Electronic Excitation ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
Molecular Vibration ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All

Although cyclo[18]carbon has been theoretically and experimentally investigated since long time ago, only very recently it was prepared and directly observed by means of STM/AFM in condensed phase (Kaiser et al., <i>Science</i>, <b>365</b>, 1299 (2019)). The unique ring structure and dual 18-center π delocalization feature bring a variety of unusual characteristics and properties to the cyclo[18]carbon, which are quite worth to be explored. In this work, we present an extremely comprehensive and detailed investigation on almost all aspects of the cyclo[18]carbon, including (1) Geometric characteristics (2) Bonding nature (3) Electron delocalization and aromaticity (4) Intermolecular interaction (5) Reactivity (6) Electronic excitation and UV/Vis spectrum (7) Molecular vibration and IR/Raman spectrum (8) Molecular dynamics (9) Response to external field (10) Electron ionization, affinity and accompanied process (11) Various molecular properties. We believe that our full characterization of the cyclo[18]carbon will greatly deepen researchers' understanding of this system, and thereby help them to utilize it in practice and design its various valuable derivatives.

A Thorough Theoretical Exploration of Intriguing Characteristics of Cyclo[18]carbon: Geometry, Bonding Nature, Aromaticity, Weak Interaction, Reactivity, Excited States, Vibrations, Molecular Dynamics and Various Molecular Properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Lu ◽  
Qinxue Chen ◽  
Zeyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Electronic Excitation ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
Molecular Vibration ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All

Although cyclo[18]carbon has been theoretically and experimentally investigated since long time ago, only very recently it was prepared and directly observed by means of STM/AFM in condensed phase (Kaiser et al., <i>Science</i>, <b>365</b>, 1299 (2019)). The unique ring structure and dual 18-center π delocalization feature bring a variety of unusual characteristics and properties to the cyclo[18]carbon, which are quite worth to be explored. In this work, we present an extremely comprehensive and detailed investigation on almost all aspects of the cyclo[18]carbon, including (1) Geometric characteristics (2) Bonding nature (3) Electron delocalization and aromaticity (4) Intermolecular interaction (5) Reactivity (6) Electronic excitation and UV/Vis spectrum (7) Molecular vibration and IR/Raman spectrum (8) Molecular dynamics (9) Response to external field (10) Electron ionization, affinity and accompanied process (11) Various molecular properties. We believe that our full characterization of the cyclo[18]carbon will greatly deepen researchers' understanding of this system, and thereby help them to utilize it in practice and design its various valuable derivatives.

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