Three-Dimensional Knee Joint Moments During Performance of the Bodyweight Squat: Effects of Stance Width and Foot Rotation

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Almosnino ◽  
David Kingston ◽  
Ryan B. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Moment Magnitude ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Knee Joint Moment ◽  
Healthy Participants

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of stance width and foot rotation angle on three-dimensional knee joint moments during bodyweight squat performance. Twenty-eight participants performed 8 repetitions in 4 conditions differing in stance or foot rotation positions. Knee joint moment waveforms were subjected to principal component analysis. Results indicated that increasing stance width resulted in a larger knee flexion moment magnitude, as well as larger and phase-shifted adduction moment waveforms. The knee’s internal rotation moment magnitude was significantly reduced with external foot rotation only under the wide stance condition. Moreover, squat performance with a wide stance and externally rotated feet resulted in a flattening of the internal rotation moment waveform during the middle portion of the movement. However, i is speculated that the differences observed across conditions are not of clinical relevance for young, healthy participants.

The Snatch Technique of World Class Weightlifters at the 1985 World Championships

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Baumann ◽  
Volker Gross ◽  
Karl Quade ◽  
Peter Galbierz ◽  
Ansgar Schwirtz
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Lifting Technique ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Knee Joint Moment

The purpose of this study was (a) to describe the snatch technique in terms of kinematic and external and internal kinetic parameters, and (b) to compare the results for athletes of different groups and weight categories. By means of three-dimensional film analysis and measurements of ground reaction forces during the 1985 World Championships in Sweden, it was possible to analyze the spatial movements and to calculate joint moments of force in each leg. Concerning the kinematics, a snatch technique starting with a strong pull toward the lifter could be established. The most interesting kinetic results are that the knee joint moments are relatively small (one third of the hip joint moments of force) and do not correlate very well with the total load. The best lifters seem able to limit the knee joint moment by precise control of the knee position with respect to the ground reaction force. Altogether, the results concerning the internal kinetic parameters question the logic of the classical division of the lifting technique into phases according to external kinetic parameters.

Identifying the Effects of Knee Anatomy Variation on the Envelope of Knee Motion (Varus-Valgus) Using Principal Components

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit M. Mane ◽  
Chadd W. Clary ◽  
Amber N. Reeve ◽  
Lorin P. Maletsky ◽  
David FitzPatrick
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Knee Anatomy ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Joint Kinematics

The motion patterns of the human knee joint depend on its passive motion characteristics, which are described by the ligamentious and articular constraints. Since active motions, like walking and squatting are believed to fall within a passive envelope, the basis for the understanding of the knee joint kinematics lies in the description of its passive constraint characteristics [1]. Although several authors studied passive envelope characteristics of a knee, it is not clear from the literature which anatomical structures guide the knee in passive or active motion and how their geometric arrangement produces the unique path of passive knee motion [1–3]. A few mathematical models have been developed to study the structures that guide the passive knee motion [1, 2]. However, their hypotheses were not supported by a sufficiently detailed ligament bundle model, soft tissue properties, ligament insertion-origin sites and their intra-subject variability. To explain the relationship between knee anatomy and its variability with three-dimensional knee motion completely, new methodology must be developed. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effects of variation in knee anatomical factors on the tibiofemoral passive envelope using a multivariate analysis technique, principal component (PC) analysis.

LOWER EXTREMITIES BIOMECHANICS OF REGULAR STAIR CLIMBING: SLIM VERSUS OBESE

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550036
Author(s):  
Sami Almashaqbeh ◽  
Bahaa Al-Sheikh ◽  
Wan Abu Bakar Wan Abas ◽  
Noor Azuan Abu Osman
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Analysis System

The kinematic and kinetic differences between obese and slim people when climbing a staircase at their self-selected speed are compared. A four-step wooden stair instrumented with two force plates were used as the action platform whilst the kinematic and kinetic recordings were collected and analyzed using a six-camera and two-force plate three-dimensional motion analysis system. Ten obese adults, six males and four females, and ten lean adults, six males and four females, volunteered for the study. The results showed that the obese people are able to reduce the knee joint flexion moment when climbing stair compared to the normal slim people. In the frontal plane, no significant differences were found in the knee adduction moment. Moreover, obese individuals have identified some kinematics adaptations including slower velocity and longer stance phase, compared to slim individuals. The obese individuals might adjust their gait characteristics in response to their heavy bodies to reduce or maintain the same load on the knee joint as slim individuals.

Correlations between residual limb length and joint moments during sitting and standing movements in transfemoral amputees

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jason Highsmith ◽  
Derek J Lura ◽  
Stephanie L Carey ◽  
Larry J Mengelkoch ◽  
Seok Hun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Moment Magnitude ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
Amputation Surgery

Background and aim: Longer residual limb lengths provide an increased lever arm. Longer residual limbs may produce increased joint moments; the two may be correlated. These correlations have not been evaluated in transfemoral amputees during transitional movements. Correlations between residual limb length and involved side joint moment could contribute to justification supporting maximal residual limb length preservation. This study investigated possible correlations between hip or knee moment and residual limb length. Technique: Hip and knee joint moments were determined while 21 transfemoral amputees performed sitting and standing movements and then evaluated for correlation with residual limb length. Discussion: Residual limb length was not correlated with either knee or involved side hip moments during sit to stand or stand to sit. Conversely, weak inverse correlations ( p < 0.05) existed between sound hip moment magnitude and residual limb length. These correlations suggest that in community ambulating transfemoral amputees, longer residual limb length could decrease sound hip kinetic burden during transitional movement. Beyond correlations between residual limb length and sound hip transitional movement kinetics, there are other considerations in determining residual limb length during amputation. Clinical relevance This study examines relationships between lower limb joint moments and residual limb length related to sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities. The results have implications for amputation surgery and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Correction Algorithms on Knee Kinematics and Kinetics during Gait of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hanna Ulbricht ◽  
Meijin Hou ◽  
Xiangbin Wang ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Yanxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Flexion Moment

In gait analysis, the accuracy of knee joint angles and moments is critical for clinical decision-making. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of two existing algorithms for knee joint axis correction under pathological conditions. Gait data from 20 healthy participants and 20 patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were collected using a motion capture system. An algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a functional joint-based algorithm (FJA) were used to define the knee joint flexion axis. The results show that PCA decreased crosstalk for both groups, and FJA reduced crosstalk in patients with knee OA only. PCA decreased the range of motions of patients with knee OA in the direction of abduction/adduction significantly. There was a significant increase in the maximum knee flexion moment of patients with knee OA by FJA. The results indicate that both algorithms can efficiently reduce crosstalk for gait from patients with knee OA, which can further influence the results of knee joint angles and moments. We recommend that the correction algorithms be applied in clinical gait analysis with patients with knee OA.

scholarly journals Influence of a Full-Body Compression Suit on Trunk Positioning and Knee Joint Mechanics During Lateral Movements

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Guillaume Mornieux ◽  
Elmar Weltin ◽  
Monika Pauls ◽  
Franz Rott ◽  
Albert Gollhofer
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Knee Joint Mechanics ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics ◽  
Knee Joint Loading ◽  
Full Body

Trunk positioning has been shown to be associated with knee joint loading during athletic tasks, especially changes of direction. The purpose of the present study was to test whether a full-body compression suit (FBCS) would improve trunk positioning and knee joint control during lateral movements. Twelve female athletes performed lateral reactive jumps (LRJ) and unanticipated cuttings with and without the customized FBCS, while 3D kinematics and kinetics were measured. FBCS did not influence trunk positioning during LRJ and led to increased trunk lateral lean during cuttings (P < .001). However, while wearing FBCS, knee joint abduction and internal rotation angles were reduced during LRJ (P < .001 andP = .013, respectively), whereas knee joint moments were comparable during cuttings. FBCS cannot support the trunk segment during unanticipated dynamic movements. But, increased trunk lateral lean during cutting maneuvers was not high enough to elicit increased knee joint moments. On the contrary, knee joint abduction and internal rotation were reduced during LRJ, speaking for a better knee joint alignment with FBCS. Athletes seeking to improve trunk positioning may not benefit from a FBCS.

scholarly journals Relationships between Racket Arm Joint Moments and Racket Head Speed during the Badminton Jump Smash Performed by Elite Male Malaysian Players

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Yuvaraj Ramasamy ◽  
Viswanath Sundar ◽  
Juliana Usman ◽  
Rizal Razman ◽  
Harley Towler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multiple Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
System A ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Rotation Plane ◽  
Inverse Dynamics Analysis

Three-dimensional position data of nineteen elite male Malaysian badminton players performing a series of maximal jump smashes were collected using a motion capture system. A ‘resultant moments’ inverse dynamics analysis was performed on the racket arm joints (shoulder, elbow and wrist). Relationships between racket head speed and peak joint moments were quantified using correlational analyses, inclusive of a Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple-hypothesis testing. The racket head centre speed at racket–shuttlecock contact was, on average, 61.2 m/s with a peak of 68.5 m/s which equated to average shuttlecock speeds of 95.2 m/s with a peak of 105.0 m/s. The correlational analysis revealed that a larger shoulder internal rotation moment (r = 0.737), backwards shoulder plane of elevation moment (r = 0.614) and wrist extension moment (r = −0.564) were associated with greater racket head centre speed at racket–shuttlecock contact. Coaches should consider strengthening the musculature associated with shoulder internal rotation, plane of elevation and wrist extension. This work provides a unique analysis of the joint moments of the racket arm during the badminton jump smash performed by an elite population and highlights significant relationships between racket head speed and peak resultant joint moments.

The Effect of Exertion on Joint Kinematics and Kinetics During Running Using a Waveform Analysis Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Benson ◽  
Kristian M. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Waveform Analysis ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Before And After

About half of all runners sustain a running-related injury every year. Exertion may contribute to risk of injury by altering joint mechanics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exertion on runners’ joint mechanics using principal component analysis (PCA). Three-dimensional motion analysis of the lower extremity was performed on 16 healthy female runners before and after their typical training run. PCA was used to determine exertion-related changes in joint mechanics at the ankle, knee, and hip. Statistical significance for repeated-measures MANOVA of the retained principal components at each joint and plane of motion was at P < .05. Exercise effects were identified at the ankle (greater rate of eversion [PC2: P = .027], and decreased plantar flexion moment [overall: P = .044] and external rotation moment [PC3: P = .003]), knee (increased adduction [overall: P = .044] and internal rotation [PC3: P = .034], and decreased abduction moment [overall: P = .045]), and hip (increased internal rotation [PC1: P = .013] and range of mid- to late-stance rotation [PC2: P = .009], and decreased internal rotation moment [PC1: P = .001]). The observed changes in running mechanics reflect a gait profile that is often linked to running injury. The effects of more strenuous activity may result in mechanics that present an even greater risk for injury.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document