Peak Impact Accelerations during Track and Treadmill Running

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M.R. Bigelow ◽  
Niell G. Elvin ◽  
Alex A. Elvin ◽  
Steven P. Arnoczky
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Acrylic Plate ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Wireless Accelerometer ◽  
Vertical Impact ◽  
Over Time

To determine whether peak vertical and horizontal impact accelerations were different while running on a track or on a treadmill, 12 healthy subjects (average age 32.8 ± 9.8 y), were fitted with a novel, wireless accelerometer capable of recording triaxial acceleration over time. The accelerometer was attached to a custom-made acrylic plate and secured at the level of the L5 vertebra via a tight fitting triathlon belt. Each subject ran 4 miles on a synthetic, indoor track at a self-selected pace and accelerations were recorded on three perpendicular axes. Seven days later, the subjects ran 4 miles on a treadmill set at the individual runner’s average pace on the track and the peak vertical and horizontal impact magnitudes between the track and treadmill were compared. There was no difference (P= .52) in the average peak vertical impact accelerations between the track and treadmill over the 4 mile run. However, peak horizontal impact accelerations were greater (P= .0012) on the track when compared with the treadmill. This study demonstrated the feasibility for long-term impact accelerations monitoring using a novel wireless accelerometer.

THE INFLUENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICANS ON CONGRESS

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
Charles Tien ◽  
Dena Levy
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
House Floor ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn this paper we approach, from a different angle than previous research, the question of whether gains in descriptive representation for African Americans result in losses in substantive representation. By looking at how the presence of African Americans has changed Congress over time, we assess the long-term impact of electing more African Americans to Congress on substantive representation. Specifically, we content analyze House floor debates on civil rights legislation, from 1957 to 1991, and find that Black members have influenced how White members talk about civil rights.

Abstract 10756: Chronic Kidney Disease in Long-term Survivors After Fontan Palliation

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheena Sharma ◽  
Rebecca L Ruebner ◽  
Susan L Furth ◽  
Kathryn M Dodds ◽  
Jack Rychik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Single Ventricle ◽  
Fontan Operation ◽  
Long Term Survivors ◽  
Fontan Palliation ◽  
Over Time

Background: The Fontan operation is a palliative procedure for children with congenital single ventricle heart disease. With advances in prenatal diagnosis and surgical techniques, more children are surviving into adulthood with unique cardiovascular physiology. Little is currently known about long-term kidney function in these patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that long-term survivors after Fontan palliation will have a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to healthy controls. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of subjects evaluated through the Single Ventricle Survivorship Program (SVSP) at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between July 1, 2010 and December 5, 2014 and healthy children similar in sex and age. The primary outcome was CKD, defined as eGFR <90 ml/min/1.73m2 calculated with age-appropriate estimating equations using creatinine and cystatin C. Secondary outcomes included proteinuria and hyperparathyroidism. Results: The Fontan cohort included 68 subjects with mean age of 13.9 years (SD 5.8) at SVSP visit who were 11.2 years (SD 5.7) from Fontan operation. The healthy cohort included 70 patients with mean age of 15.9 years (SD 3.9). Mean eGFR was 102.6 versus 101.9ml/min/1.73m2 (p=0.89) in pediatric Fontan versus healthy subjects using the complete CKiD equation, and 128.5 versus 129.7ml/min/1.73m2 (p=0.56) in adult Fontan versus healthy subjects using the CKD-EPI creatinine and cystatin formula. 10% of Fontan subjects had an eGFR<90 ml/min/1.73m2. Mean intact parathyroid hormone level was higher at 68.0pg/mL (SD 35.4) in the Fontan group compared to 26.0pg/mL (SD 13.6) in the healthy group. Proteinuria was found within 34% of the Fontan group compared to 4.6% within the control group. Conclusion: We found that 10% of subjects have eGFR <90ml/min/1.73m2 after Fontan palliation which would indicate CKD if this remained persistent over time. Although the majority of the cohort had normal kidney function by eGFR, we found a higher proportion with proteinuria and increased parathyroid hormone levels which may indicate early kidney disease. Future studies will focus on evaluating changes in kidney function over time in long-term survivors after Fontan palliation.

Naturalistic Study of the use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depressive Relapse

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Fitzgerald ◽  
Jessica Benitez ◽  
Anthony R. De Castella ◽  
Timothy L. Brown ◽  
Z. Jeff Daskalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of depression has been assessed in a number of acute treatment trials during the last 10 years. Little is known about the long-term impact of the treatment on the disorder and its effectiveness when applied for repeated relapses of depression over time. Method: Nineteen patients who had previously responded to rTMS in clinical trials received treatment with rTMS for a total of 30 episodes of depressive relapse. Results: Approximately 10 months elapsed between treatment episodes. The majority of patients achieved a significant improvement in each treatment course with significant improvements achieved in patients treated with both low-frequency right-sided rTMS and high-frequency left-sided rTMS. Conclusions: The study suggests that rTMS may have value in the treatment of episodes of depressive relapse with little reduction in efficacy over time.

Orthodontic Treatment and Long-Term Management of a Patient with Marfan Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momotoshi Shiga ◽  
Takuya Ogawa ◽  
Issareeya Ekprachayakoon ◽  
Keiji Moriyama
Keyword(s):  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Over Time

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is caused by abnormal systemic connective tissue. The main clinical manifestations include long limbs, long slender fingers, lens subluxation, abnormal cardiac valves, and aortic aneurysm. We report the case of an 11-year-old patient with MFS who underwent orthodontic treatment and was followed up until the age of 25 years. We found no significant differences in tooth movement between the patient with MFS and healthy subjects. However, because patients with MFS show characteristic facial growth and an increased risk of developing systemic comorbidities, their dental status requires careful observation over time.

Risk and Protective Factors for Depression in Youth

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Shortt ◽  
Susan H. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Protective Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

AbstractRisk and protective processes and mechanisms associated with depression in youth are discussed within a developmental–ecological framework. Risk factors at the individual (genetics, biology, affect, cognition, behaviour) and broader contextual levels (e.g., family, school, community) are proposed to interact, leading to the development of depression in youth. Transactions between these individual and contextual factors are suggested to be dynamic and reciprocal, and these transactions are expected to change over time and developmental course. The ‘best bet’ for the prevention of depression may be multicomponent and multilevel interventions that address the multiple risk and protective factors associated with depression. Preventive interventions need to focus on building protective factors within young people themselves, as well as creating health-promoting environments at home and at school. These interventions likely need to be long term and geared towards assisting youth across successive periods of development.

scholarly journals Taking Students on a Journey to El Yunque

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McGee ◽  
Jess K. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Science Curriculum ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Hurricane Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

As the developers of Journey to El Yunque, we have taken a different approach to the process of designing a science curriculum. Rather than start with a specific set of concepts or skills to target as learning outcomes, we started by identifying a specific community of practice to which we sought to connect students. Researchers in the El Yunque rainforest in Puerto Rico have been studying the impact of hurricanes on ecosystem dynamics and have been modeling what the long-term impact would be if changes to the global climate increase the frequency of severe hurricanes. Therefore, hurricane impact became the focal phenomenon for the unit. We modeled the process of investigating hurricane impact after the long-term ecological research practices of researchers in El Yunque. Students begin by investigating the long-term impact of hurricanes on the producers in El Yunque. Next students investigate the long-term impact of hurricanes on various consumers in the rainforest. Finally, students investigate how hurricanes impact the cycling of resources directly as well as indirectly through changes in organisms’ use of those resources in the rainforest. A central tension in the design process is how to coherently represent the spatial relationships between the components of the ecosystem and the temporal dynamics of the individual components. In this paper, we present the evolution of the program as we sought to balance that design tension and build an environment that connects students to the central phenomenon and practices of the community of researchers in El Yunque. 

scholarly journals Modelling the evolution of COVID-19 in high-incidence European countries and regions: estimated number of infections and impact of past and future intervention measures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Fernandez-Recio
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

A previously developed mechanistic model of COVID-19 transmission has been adapted and applied here to study the evolution of the disease and the effect of intervention measures in some European countries and territories where the disease had major impact. A clear impact of the major intervention measures on the reproduction number (Rt) has been found in all studied countries and territories, as already suggested by the drop in the number of deaths over time. Interestingly, the impact of such major intervention measures seems to be the same in most of these countries. The model has also provided realistic estimates of the total number of infections, active cases and future outcome. While the predictive capabilities of the model are much more uncertain before the peak of the outbreak, we could still reliably predict the evolution of the disease after a major intervention by assuming the afterwards reproduction number from current study. More challenging is to foresee the long-term impact of softer intervention measures, but this model can estimate the outcome of different scenarios and help planning changes in the implementation of control measures in a given country or region.

Simulated Osteotomy of the Trapezium Reduces Radial Subluxation and Improves Contact Pressure Distribution Across the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint in Lateral Pinch

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deana Mercer ◽  
Christina Salas ◽  
James Love ◽  
Letitia Lansing ◽  
Amanda Medoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Laxity ◽  
Carpometacarpal Joint ◽  
Contact Pressure Distribution ◽  
Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint ◽  
Thumb Carpometacarpal ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Cmc Joint ◽  
Over Time

Joint laxity and radial subluxation of the metacarpal on the trapezium have been associated with arthritis of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb. In normal flexion and extension of the thumb, the ligaments and the joint are minimally stressed. However, in opposition and lateral pinch (key pinch), the two surfaces rotate on each other, generating an unequal surface stress. Over time, the unequal stresses lead to an asymmetrical wear pattern. This leads to increased strain on the ligaments and may lead to subluxation over time.1 Surgical treatment of early arthritis of the CMC joint includes ligament reconstruction or first metacarpal extension osteotomy to decrease joint laxity. Once laxity exists, joint degeneration is accelerated.2 The long-term impact of painful CMC arthritis on activities of daily living can be debilitating.

al-‘Amiri, Abu’l Hasan Muhammad ibn Yusuf (d. 992)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Gaskill
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Term Impact

Although al-‘Amiri had only a limited long-term impact, his extant works provide useful insights into an extremely creative period in Islamic philosophy in the tenth century ad. He attempted to reconcile philosophy with religion by showing that the genuine conclusions of philosophy could not contradict the revealed truths of Islam, and attempted to build consensus within Islam. He argued for the individual immortality and the punishment or reward of the soul. His analysis of the soul is largely Neoplatonic. The reward of the afterlife is determined by the actualization of the intellect in this life, aided primarily by right actions which moderate the physical faculties and turn the intellect toward the Divine.

A changing economic vote in Western Europe? Long-term vs. short-term forces

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Dassonneville ◽  
Michael S. Lewis-Beck
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Elections ◽  
European Elections ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Economic Vote ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

AbstractConsiderable research shows the presence of an economic vote, with governments rewarded or punished by voters, depending on the state of the economy. But how stable is this economic vote? A current argument holds its effect has increased over time, because of weakening long-term social and political forces. Under these conditions, short-term forces, foremostly the economic issue, can come to the fore. A counter-argument, however, sees the economic vote effect in decline, due to globalization. Against these rival hypotheses rests the status-quo argument: the economic vote effect remains unchanged. To test these claims, we estimate carefully specified models of the incumbent vote, at both the individual and aggregate levels. Western European elections provide the data, with particular attention to Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. Perhaps surprisingly, we find the economic vote to be stable over time, a ‘standing decision’ rule that voters follow in national elections.

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