Pictorial Scale of Physical Self-Concept for Younger Children (P-PSC-C): A Feasibility Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (s2) ◽  
pp. S391-S402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Tietjens ◽  
Dennis Dreiskaemper ◽  
Till Utesch ◽  
Nadja Schott ◽  
Lisa M. Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
The One

Children’s self-perception of motor skills and physical fitness is said to be an important mediator between skills and physical fitness on the one hand and physical activity on the other hand. An age-appropriate self-perception scale is needed to understand the development and the differentiation of the physical self-concept of children and its components. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to develop a pictorial scale of physical fitness for pre-school children (3–6 years old), and (2) to describe the face validity and feasibility of the scale. The study sample included 27 kindergarten children. In order to determine the psychometric properties, validity was assessed by administrating the Pictorial Scale for Physical Self-Concept in Kindergarten Children (P-PSC-C) compared with children’s fundamental movement skill competency (Test of Gross Motor Development [TGMD]-3; six locomotor and seven object-control skills), height, weight, and demographics. The face validity was favorable. Expectable negatively skewed response distributions were found in all items. Medium correlations with related constructs and with sport enjoyment were found. The results indicate that the new scale is usable for kindergarten children. Future validation studies are needed so that the new scale can contribute to the research about physical self-concept development in kindergarten children.

Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition: Establishing Content and Construct Validity for Brazilian Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia C. Valentini ◽  
Larissa W. Zanella ◽  
E. Kipling Webster
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Brazilian Children ◽  
Ball Skills

The Test of Gross Motor Development is used to identify children’s level of motor proficiency, specifically to detect motor delays. This study aimed to translate the TGMD-3 items and assess reliability and content and construct validity for the TGMD-3 in Brazil. A cross-cultural translation was used to generate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the TGMD-3. The validation process involved 33 professionals and 597 Brazilian children (ages 3–10) from the five main geographic regions of Brazil. The results confirmed language clarity and pertinence, as well as face validity of the TGMD-3. High intrarater (.60 to .90) and interrater (.85 to .99) reliability was evident, and test-retest temporal stability was confirmed (locomotor .93; ball skills .81). Adequate internal consistency was present for the skills-to-test and subtests correlations (TGMD-3-BR: α .74; locomotor skills: α .63; ball skills: α .76) and performance-criteria-to-test and -subtest correlations (TGMD-3: α .93; locomotor skills: .90; ball skills: .88). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity of a two-factor model (RMSEA = .04, 90% confidence interval: .03 to .05; CFI = .94; NFI = .91; TLI = .92; GFI = .94; AGFI = .92). The TGMD-3 is a valid and reliable instrument for Brazilian children.

Fundamental Motor Skill Proficiency of 6- to 9-Year-Old Singaporean Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarup Mukherjee ◽  
Lye Ching Ting Jamie ◽  
Leong Hin Fong
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Fundamental Movement Skills ◽  
Early School ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Motivation To Participate

Fundamental movement proficiency (FMS) is most successfully acquired during early school years. This cross-sectional study assessed FMS proficiency in Singaporean children at the start of and following 2.5 years of primary school physical education (PE). Participants were 244 children from Primary 1 and 3 levels. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) were assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition (TGMD-2) that includes locomotor (LOCO) and object control (OC) subtests. Most children were rated “average” and “below average” for LOCO skills but “poor” and “below average” for OC skills without significant gender differences on either subtest or overall FMS proficiency and without FMS mastery. These young Singaporean children failed to exhibit age-appropriate FMS proficiency despite early PE exposure, and they demonstrated lags in FMS compared with the TGMD-2 U.S. normative sample. We discuss implications for sports competence perception, difficulty in coping with later movement learning expectations and reduced later motivation to participate in PE and play. We also discuss implications for preschool and lower primary school PE curricula with a particular focus on both OC skills and LOCO skills requiring muscular fitness like hopping and jumping.

The Psychometric Properties for the Test of Perceived Physical Competence for Youths with Visual Impairments

2021 ◽  
pp. 0145482X2110467
Author(s):  
Ali Brian ◽  
Angela Starrett ◽  
Robbie Ross ◽  
Adam Pennell ◽  
Emily Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
The Self ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Root Mean Square Residual ◽  
The One

Introduction Limited inquiries exist for perceptions of physical competence for people with visual impairments, since there are no specific, psychometrically tested scales. The purpose of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of the Test of Perceived Physical Competence (TPPC) for individuals with visual impairments aged 9–19 years. Methods: Experts ( N = 12) provided feedback for content and face validity. Then, after assessing 179 individuals with visual impairments, McDonald’s Omega, and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were used to evaluate the internal consistency and structure. Finally, results of the TPPC were compared with the Self-Perception Profiles for Children/Adolescents for divergent validity. Results: The standardized root mean square residual result of 0.053 and the Comparative Fit Index result of 0.95 indicated acceptable fit. The percent of variation in each item explained by the factor varied from 44% (item 3) to 63% (item 6). McDonald’s Omega for the one-factor scale is 0.987, and the perceived physical competence subscale of the Self-Perception Profiles for Children and TPPC have a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.469 (95% confidence interval = 0.269–0.630). Discussion: Having a psychometrically strong scale to measure perceived physical competence of individuals with visual impairments is the first step in being able to replicate current, seminal research among this unique population. This adaptation of Harter’s perceived physical competence subscale uniquely assesses the child’s perceptions of physical competence among peers with visual impairments. This measure, coupled with the power to examine its predictive abilities, is important for children and adolescents with visual impairments, since they possess great tendencies for obesity and sedentary behavior. Implications for practitioners: If practitioners would like to change tendencies for obesity and sedentary behavior, then, they must include perceptions of physical competence as a latent construct. Now, practitioners can feel confident to do so for this highly vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development, Third Edition (German Translation): Results of a Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias O. Wagner ◽  
E. Kipling Webster ◽  
Dale A. Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Skill Assessment ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
And Gender

The Test of Gross Motor Development, 3rd Edition (TGMD-3) is a process-oriented fundamental movement skill assessment to examine the movement patterns displayed by children between the ages of 3 and 10 years. Within this paper, results of a pilot study on the reliability, validity, and measurement invariance across gender of the TGMD-3 (German translation) are presented. In total, performances of 189 typically developing children (99 boys, 90 girls, 56 kindergarten children, 133 elementary school children, Mage = 7.15 ± 2.02 years) are analyzed. Results provide preliminary evidence for test-retest, interrater and intrarater reliability, internal consistency, age- and gender- specific performance trends, factorial validity, measurement invariance across gender, divergent validity, and ball skill–related concurrent and predictive validity of the TGMD-3 (German translation). Subsequent research should be focused on a verification of the present findings on a representative database to foster the application of the TGMD-3 (German translation) in different settings.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERMAINAN EDUKATIF TERHADAP KEBUGARAN JASMANI ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Deni Gustiana ◽  
Ryan Dwi Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The One

The purpose of this research was to test the effect of educative games on children' physical fitness in Kindergarten.  This research was conducted based on the empirical findings that show that the number of children in Kindergarten experienced excessive fatigue after doing activities. Besides the children body mass index, many indicators are included in the category of obesity. The one that causes the phenomenon is the low physical fitness of the children. The problem demands a learning approach or method to handle it without causing excessive fatigue on children. This research was conducted by using the quasi experimental method. The subjects in this study were 30 Kindergarten children in Sukasari Sub-district, Bandung. The results showed p 0.05 which means that there was a significant difference in physical fitness between the control class and the experimental class in post-test with an average score 3.26 for control group, and 6.67 for the experimental group. The results of validation and empirical data showed that learning educational game model gives a significant influence on the physical fitness of Kindergarten children. The learning process was also more enjoyable and engaging. Thus, learning with educative game methods can be considered as an alternative for learning to improve the children physical fitness. This research recommendation is addressed to Kindergarten teachers, Kindergarten school principals, and further researchers.

scholarly journals Simulating Speech Error Patterns Across Languages and Different Datasets

2021 ◽  
pp. 002383092098726
Author(s):  
Sofia Strömbergsson ◽  
Jana Götze ◽  
Jens Edlund ◽  
Kristina Nilsson Björkenstam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Speech Acquisition ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Speech Error ◽  
The Face ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
The One ◽  
Children's Speech

Children’s speech acquisition is influenced by universal and language-specific forces. Some speech error patterns (or phonological processes) in children’s speech are observed in many languages, but the same error pattern may have different effects in different languages. We aimed to explore phonological effects of the same speech error patterns across different languages, target audiences and discourse modes, using a novel method for large-scale corpus investigation. As an additional aim, we investigated the face validity of five different phonological effect measures by relating them to subjective ratings of assumed effects on intelligibility, as provided by practicing speech-language pathologists. Six frequently attested speech error patterns were simulated in authentic corpus data: backing, fronting, stopping, /r/-weakening, cluster reduction and weak syllable deletion—each simulation resulting in a “misarticulated” version of the original corpus. Phonological effects were quantified using five separate metrics of phonological complexity and distance from expected target forms. Using Swedish child-speech data as a reference, phonological effects were compared between this reference and a) child speech in Norwegian and English, and b) data representing different modes of discourse (spoken/written) and target audiences (adults/children) in Swedish. Of the speech error patterns, backing—the one atypical pattern of those included—was found to cause the most detrimental effects, across languages as well as across modes and speaker ages. However, none of the measures reflects intuitive rankings as provided by clinicians regarding effects on intelligibility, thus corroborating earlier reports that phonological competence is not translatable into levels of intelligibility.

scholarly journals Reliability of the test of gross motor development second edition (TGMD-2) for Kindergarten children in Myanmar

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1726-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanda Aye ◽  
Khin Saw Oo ◽  
Myo Thuzar Khin ◽  
Tsugumi Kuramoto-Ahuja ◽  
Hitoshi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development

Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Infant Cardiac Transplant Recipients

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C Suddaby ◽  
Carole Samango-Sprouse ◽  
Donna R Vaught ◽  
Deborah A Custer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Age Appropriate

Normal growth and development are indicators of the success of infant cardiac transplantation. The clinical transplant coordinator must be aware of age-appropriate milestones in gross motor, fine motor, language, cognitive, and social skills, so that accurate assessment and early intervention can be instituted. In this review of five cases, gross motor development was the only category with consistently lower scores. Gross motor development did improve in the two cases tested more than once. Length of hospitalization before and after transplantation and use of sedative medications during the waiting period may have affected developmental outcome scores.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

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