Comparing Counts of Park Users With a Wearable Video Device and an Unmanned Aerial System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Richard R. Suminski ◽  
Gregory M. Dominick ◽  
Matthew Saponaro
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Park Use ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Aerial Systems

Evidence suggests that video captured with a wearable video device (WVD) may augment or supplant traditional methods for assessing park use. Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are used to assess human activity, but research employing them for park assessments is sparse. Therefore, this study compared park user counts between a WVD and UAS. A diverse set of 33 amenities (e.g., playground) in three parks were videoed simultaneously by one researcher wearing a WVD and another operating the UAS. Assessments were done at 12 p.m. and 7 p.m. on weekends, with one park evaluated on two occasions 7 days apart. Two investigators independently reviewed videos and reached consensus on the counts of individuals at each amenity. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to determine intra- and interrater reliabilities. A total of 404 (M = 4.7; SD = 9.6) and 389 (M = 4.5; SD = 9.0) individuals were counted in the UAS and WVD videos, respectively. Absolute agreement was 86% (74/86) and 100% when no individuals were using the amenity. Whether using all 86 videos or only videos having people (48 videos), ICCs indicated excellent reliability (ICC = .99; p < .001). The totals seen for the repeated measures were UAS = 146 and WVD = 136 for Day 1 and UAS = 169 and WVD = 161 for Day 2. Intrarater reliability was excellent for the UAS (ICC = .92; p < .001) and good for the WVD (ICC = .89; p < .001). Disagreement was mainly due to obstructions—people behind or under structures. This study provides support for the use of UASs for counting park users and future research examining the potential benefits of video analysis for assessing park use.

scholarly journals Automatic 3D dense phenotyping provides reliable and accurate shape quantification of the human mandible

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter-Jan Verhelst ◽  
H. Matthews ◽  
L. Verstraete ◽  
F. Van der Cruyssen ◽  
D. Mulier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Surface Registration ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Centroid Size ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Automatic Phenotyping

AbstractAutomatic craniomaxillofacial (CMF) three dimensional (3D) dense phenotyping promises quantification of the complete CMF shape compared to the limiting use of sparse landmarks in classical phenotyping. This study assesses the accuracy and reliability of this new approach on the human mandible. Classic and automatic phenotyping techniques were applied on 30 unaltered and 20 operated human mandibles. Seven observers indicated 26 anatomical landmarks on each mandible three times. All mandibles were subjected to three rounds of automatic phenotyping using Meshmonk. The toolbox performed non-rigid surface registration of a template mandibular mesh consisting of 17,415 quasi landmarks on each target mandible and the quasi landmarks corresponding to the 26 anatomical locations of interest were identified. Repeated-measures reliability was assessed using root mean square (RMS) distances of repeated landmark indications to their centroid. Automatic phenotyping showed very low RMS distances confirming excellent repeated-measures reliability. The average Euclidean distance between manual and corresponding automatic landmarks was 1.40 mm for the unaltered and 1.76 mm for the operated sample. Centroid sizes from the automatic and manual shape configurations were highly similar with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of > 0.99. Reproducibility coefficients for centroid size were < 2 mm, accounting for < 1% of the total variability of the centroid size of the mandibles in this sample. ICC’s for the multivariate set of 325 interlandmark distances were all > 0.90 indicating again high similarity between shapes quantified by classic or automatic phenotyping. Combined, these findings established high accuracy and repeated-measures reliability of the automatic approach. 3D dense CMF phenotyping of the human mandible using the Meshmonk toolbox introduces a novel improvement in quantifying CMF shape.

scholarly journals Standardising the measurement of physical activity in people receiving haemodialysis: considerations for research and practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. L. Young ◽  
Mark W. Orme ◽  
Yan Song ◽  
Maurice Dungey ◽  
James O. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) is exceptionally low amongst the haemodialysis (HD) population, and physical inactivity is a powerful predictor of mortality, making it a prime focus for intervention. Objective measurement of PA using accelerometers is increasing, but standard reporting guidelines essential to effectively evaluate, compare and synthesise the effects of PA interventions are lacking. This study aims to (i) determine the measurement and processing guidance required to ensure representative PA data amongst a diverse HD population, and; (ii) to assess adherence to PA monitor wear amongst HD patients. Methods Clinically stable HD patients from the UK and China wore a SenseWear Armband accelerometer for 7 days. Step count between days (HD, Weekday, Weekend) were compared using repeated measures ANCOVA. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) determined reliability (≥0.80 acceptable). Spearman-Brown prophecy formula, in conjunction with a priori ≥  80% sample size retention, identified the minimum number of days required for representative PA data. Results Seventy-seven patients (64% men, mean ± SD age 56 ± 14 years, median (interquartile range) time on HD 40 (19–72) months, 40% Chinese, 60% British) participated. Participants took fewer steps on HD days compared with non-HD weekdays and weekend days (3402 [95% CI 2665–4140], 4914 [95% CI 3940–5887], 4633 [95% CI 3558–5707] steps/day, respectively, p < 0.001). PA on HD days were less variable than non-HD days, (ICC 0.723–0.839 versus 0.559–0.611) with ≥ 1 HD day and ≥  3 non-HD days required to provide representative data. Using these criteria, the most stringent wear-time retaining ≥ 80% of the sample was ≥7 h. Conclusions At group level, a wear-time of ≥7 h on ≥1HD day and ≥ 3 non-HD days is required to provide reliable PA data whilst retaining an acceptable sample size. PA is low across both HD and non- HD days and future research should focus on interventions designed to increase physical activity in both the intra and interdialytic period.

Dynamic Footprint Measurement Collection Technique and Intrarater Reliability

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanna M. Fascione ◽  
Ryan T. Crews ◽  
James S. Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Dynamic Footprint

Background: Identifying the variability of footprint measurement collection techniques and the reliability of footprint measurements would assist with appropriate clinical foot posture appraisal. We sought to identify relationships between these measures in a healthy population. Methods: On 30 healthy participants, midgait dynamic footprint measurements were collected using an ink mat, paper pedography, and electronic pedography. The footprints were then digitized, and the following footprint indices were calculated with photo digital planimetry software: footprint index, arch index, truncated arch index, Chippaux-Smirak Index, and Staheli Index. Differences between techniques were identified with repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc test of Scheffe. In addition, to assess practical similarities between the different methods, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. To assess intrarater reliability, footprint indices were calculated twice on 10 randomly selected ink mat footprint measurements, and the ICC was calculated. Results: Dynamic footprint measurements collected with an ink mat significantly differed from those collected with paper pedography (ICC, 0.85–0.96) and electronic pedography (ICC, 0.29–0.79), regardless of the practical similarities noted with ICC values (P = .00). Intrarater reliability for dynamic ink mat footprint measurements was high for the footprint index, arch index, truncated arch index, Chippaux-Smirak Index, and Staheli Index (ICC, 0.74–0.99). Conclusions: Footprint measurements collected with various techniques demonstrate differences. Interchangeable use of exact values without adjustment is not advised. Intrarater reliability of a single method (ink mat) was found to be high. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(2): 130–138, 2012)

An App to Assess Young Children’s Perceptions of Movement Competence

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (s2) ◽  
pp. S252-S263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Barnett ◽  
Owen Makin
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Children’S Perceptions ◽  
Digital Assessment ◽  
Android App ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Good Agreement

Assessing young children’s perceptions is commonly done one on one with an interviewer. An app enables several children to complete the scale at once. The objective was to describe an app to assess children’s perceptions of movement competence and then present consistency of child responses. The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) has fundamental movement skill (FMS; e.g., catch) and play items (e.g., cycling). The PMSC android app has the same items and images but children complete it independently with audio. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) assessed i) test-retest reliability using the PMSC app on 18 items in 42 children (M = 6.8 yrs) and ii) consistency between measures for 13 FMS items in 44 children (M = 8.5 yrs). Over time (M = 6.9 days, SD = 0.35) the full PMSC had good consistency (ICC = 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.88) and the FMS items had moderate consistency (ICC = 0.68, 95% CI 0.47–0.81). There was good agreement between the app and interview for FMS items (ICC = 0.86, 95% CI 0.76–0.92). Locomotor items were less consistent. The PMSC app can generally be recommended. Future research could investigate how different forms of digital assessment affect children’s perception.

The Reliability and Convergent Validity of Field Tests of Body Composition in Young Adolescents

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (s2) ◽  
pp. S67-S77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ihmels ◽  
Gregory J. Welk ◽  
James J. McClain ◽  
Jodee Schaben
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Classification Agreement

Background:Advances in BIA offer practical alternative approaches to assessing body composition in young adolescents and have not been studied for comparability.Methods:This study compared reliability and convergent validity of three field tests (2-site skinfold, Omron and Tanita BIA devices) on young adolescents. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients, convergent validity was examined by computing correlations among the three estimates, differences in estimated body fat values were evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA, and classification agreement was computed for achieving FITNESSGRAM® Healthy Fitness Zone.Results:ICC values of all three measures exceeded .97. Correlations ranged from .74 to .81 for males and .79 to .91 for females. Classification agreement values ranged from 82.8% to 92.6%.Conclusions:Results suggest general agreement among the selected methods of body composition assessments in both boys and girls with the exception that percent body fat in boys by Tanita BIA is significantly lower than skinfold estimation.

scholarly journals Development of a Fitness Test Battery for Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Operators—A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7992
Author(s):  
Megan Sax van der Weyden ◽  
Christopher D. Black ◽  
Daniel Larson ◽  
Brian Rollberg ◽  
Jason A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Fitness Test ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Body Drag ◽  
Testing Measure ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Reliable Testing

This investigation examined relationships between a Special Weapons and Tactics-specific fitness test (SORT) and an obstacle course (OC) used for qualification in fourteen male SWAT members from three local, regional police departments. The SORT included: squat, pushup, and lunge in 60 s; pullup hold; sled drag; and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test L1. The obstacle course included: 25 m sprint (repeated); window ascent; scale under a wall; 25 m serpentine run (repeated), body drag (20 m, repeated). Pearson coefficients examined SORT and OC relationships (p ≤ 0.05); intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) assessed agreement of SORT trials. Repeated measures ANOVA evaluated differences in SORT metrics across time. Coefficients of variation (COV) examined SORT scoring consistency. The YoYo test was related to all SORT assessments (r = −0.803–0.894), except sled drag. The remaining SORT metrics were related to ≥two tests. SORT COVs ranged from 0.77–13.26% for trials 1–2 but decreased between trials 2–3 (0.95–8.97%). The OC was associated with YoYo, lunges, squats and sled drag (r = −0.790, −0.730, −0.766, and 0.802, respectively). No differences (p > 0.05) existed across SORT trials for event scores. The SORT battery appears to be a valid and reliable testing measure to assess SWAT occupational specific fitness.

scholarly journals The 10/5 Repeated Jumps Test: Are 10 Repetitions and Three Trials Necessary?

Biomechanics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Callum Stratford ◽  
Thomas Dos’Santos ◽  
John J. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Ground Contact Time

The purpose of this study was to identify whether ten repetitions and three trials were necessary to achieve stability in peak reactive strength index (RSI) during the 10/5 repeated jumps test (RJT). Twenty-five males, from multiple sports, performed three trials of the RJT on an in-ground force plate, with 90 seconds’ rest between trials. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = 0.916–0.986) and coefficients of variation (CV ≤ 14.5%) were considered acceptable for all variables. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Freidman’s tests revealed large and significant differences (p ≤ 0.006, η2 = 0.159–0.434, power ≥ 0.859) in ground contact time (GCT), jump height (JH), and subsequently RSI both between trials and repetitions. Pairwise comparisons revealed that repetitions 1–3 produced longer GCTs (p ≤ 0.05, d = 0.41–1.40), lower JHs (p ≤ 0.05, d = 0.31–0.56), and lower RSI values (p ≤ 0.05, d = 0.35–1.24). The shortest GCTs, greatest JHs and greater RSIs occurred between repetitions 7 and 10, with approximately 60% of peak RSIs occurring during these ranges. The sequential estimate technique revealed that seven repetitions were needed to attain stability in mean peak RSI. Non-significant (p = 0.554) and negligible differences (d ≤ 0.09) in the five best RSIs between trials were noted. One trial of the 10/5 RJT is sufficient to evaluate peak RSI in athletes and should reduce data collection time and fatigue.

scholarly journals Agreement between the Open Barbell and Tendo Linear Position Transducers for Monitoring Barbell Velocity during Resistance Exercise

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Adam M. Gonzalez ◽  
Gerald T. Mangine ◽  
Robert W. Spitz ◽  
Jamie J. Ghigiarelli ◽  
Katie M. Sell
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement

To determine the agreement between the Open Barbell (OB) and Tendo weightlifting analyzer (TWA) for measuring barbell velocity, eleven men (19.4 ± 1.0 y) performed one set of 2–3 repetitions at four sub-maximal percentage loads, [i.e., 30, 50, 70, and 90% one-repetition maximum (1RM)] in the back (BS) and front squat (FS) exercises. During each repetition, peak and mean barbell velocity were recorded by OB and TWA devices, and the average of the 2–3 repetitions was used for analyses. Although the repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significantly (p ≤ 0.005) greater peak and mean velocity scores from OB across all intensities, high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,K = 0.790–0.998), low standard error of measurement (SEM2,K = 0.040–0.119 m·s−1), and coefficients of variation (CV = 2–4%) suggested consistency between devices. Positive (r = 0.491–0.949) Pearson correlations between averages and differences (between devices) in peak velocity, as well as associated Bland-Altman plots, showed greater differences occurred as the velocity increased, particularly at low-moderate intensity loads. OB consistently provides greater barbell velocity scores compared to TWA, and the differences between devices were more apparent as the peak velocity increased with low-to-moderate loads. Strength coaches and athletes may find better agreement between devices if the mean velocity scores are only considered.

scholarly journals A comparison of alternative selection methods for reporting spirometric parameters in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Therkorn ◽  
Daniella R. Toto ◽  
Michael J. Falvo
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Valid Data

AbstractAlternative methods have been proposed to report spirometry indices from test sessions (forced expiratory volume 1 s, FEV1; forced vital capacity, FVC). However, most use the American and European Societies’ standard (ATS/ERS) which stops sessions once a repeatability threshold is met which may not accurately represent intra-session variability. Our goal was to repeat trials beyond the repeatability threshold and evaluate alternative reporting methods. 130 adults performed spirometry across two visits. Spirometry indices were reported using the ATS/ERS standard and four alternatives. 78 participants (60%) had valid data for all methods and visits. Intra-session coefficients of variation were low (FEV1: 3.1–3.7%; FVC: 2.3–2.8%). Our four alternative methods yielded FEV1 and FVC values ≤ 0.08 L different from ATS/ERS standard, which is not clinically meaningful. Intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥ 0.97 indicating consistency across repeated measures. The smallest real differences ranged from FEV1: 0.20–0.27 L and FVC: 0.18–0.24 L indicating consistency and low measurement error. Overall, all methods for reporting FEV1 and FVC demonstrated similar measurement error, precision, and stability within- and between-visits. These results suggest that once ATS/ERS repeatability is achieved, which approach is used for reporting spirometric variables may be of low clinical significance in a healthy population.

scholarly journals Reliability of a standing isokinetic shoulder rotators strength test using a functional electromechanical dynamometer: effects of velocity

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9951
Author(s):  
Dario Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Angela Rodriguez-Perea ◽  
Paola Barboza ◽  
David Ulloa-Díaz ◽  
Daniel Jerez-Mayorga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Relative Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Male Patients

Background The evaluation of the force in internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) of the shoulder is commonly used to diagnose possible pathologies or disorders in the glenohumeral joint and to assess patient’s status and progression over time. Currently, there is new technology of multiple joint isokinetic dynamometry that allows to evaluate the strength in the human being. The main purpose of this study was to determine the absolute and relative reliability of concentric and eccentric internal and external shoulder rotators with a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD). Methods Thirty-two male individuals (21.46 ±  2.1 years) were examined of concentric and eccentric strength of shoulder internal and external rotation with a FEMD at velocities of 0.3 m s−1 and 0.6 m s−1. Relative reliability was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Absolute reliability was quantified by standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV). Systematic differences across velocities testing circumstances, were analyzed with dependent t tests or repeated-measures analysis of variance in case of 2 or more than 2 conditions, respectively. Results Reliability was high to excellent for IR and ER on concentric and eccentric strength measurements, regardless of velocity used (ICC: 0.81–0.98, CV: 5.12–8.27% SEM: 4.06–15.04N). Concentric outcomes were more reliable than eccentric due to the possible familiarization of the population with the different stimuli. Conclusion All procedures examined showed high to excellent reliability for clinical use. However, a velocity of 0.60 m s−1 should be recommended for asymptomatic male patients because it demands less time for evaluation and patients find it more comfortable.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document