Associations Among Physical Activity Level and Skeletal Muscle Antioxidants in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 895-901
Author(s):  
Kyle L. Timmerman ◽  
Kevin D. Ballard ◽  
Michael A. Deal ◽  
Lisa C. Tagariello ◽  
Jenna M. Karrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase 1 ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants

Background: Endogenous antioxidants are critical to limiting cellular oxidative damage. Methods: The authors determined if habitual physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with skeletal muscle expression of endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and circulating oxidative stress markers (serum 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]; oxidized low-density lipoprotein [LDL]) in older adults. Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was estimated using a validated PA questionnaire in 26 older adults (mean [SD]; M/F = 9/17, age = 68 [4] y, body mass index = 26 [3] kg·m−2). Maximal oxygen consumption was estimated using the YMCA submaximal cycle test. Skeletal muscle endogenous antioxidants and serum 8-OHdG and oxidized LDL were measured. Bivariate and partial correlations (controlling for body mass index) were utilized to determine associations among variables. Results: MVPA (1640 [1176] kcal·wk−1) was correlated with superoxide dismutase 2 (r = .55), catalase (r = .55), glutathione peroxidase 1 (r = .48), and 8-OHdG (r = −.41) (all Ps < .05), but not oxidized LDL. MVPA and 8-OHdG were not significantly correlated when controlling for body mass index (r = −.29). Estimated maximal oxygen consumption was correlated with glutathione peroxidase 1 (r = .48; P < .05). Conclusions: These data show that skeletal muscle endogenous antioxidant expression and circulating oxidative damage are associated with habitual MVPA in older adults. Thus, MVPA in older adults may be protective against reactive oxygen species damage due to higher expression of endogenous antioxidants.

Associations Of Physical Activity And Body Mass Index With Activities Of Daily Living In Older Adults

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo J. Simoes ◽  
Rosemarie Kobau ◽  
Julie Kapp ◽  
Brian Waterman ◽  
Ali Mokdad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Daily Living

Combined Physical Activity and Sitting Time Association on Older Adults’ Body Mass Index: Cross-Sectional Findings From the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Juleimar S.C. Amorim ◽  
Juliana L. Torres ◽  
Sérgio V. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Short Version

This study examined isolated and combined associations of physical activity (PA) and sitting time (ST) with body mass index (BMI) among older Brazilian adults. We have analyzed baseline data of 8,177 participants aged 50 years and older from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging. Respondents were categorized into sufficient PA/low ST, sufficient PA/high ST, insufficient PA/low ST, or insufficient PA/high ST using the Short Version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression analysis examined the associations of being underweight (BMI, <18 kg/m2), overweight (BMI, 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) with PA and ST categories. High ST (≥165 min/day) was associated with overweight (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [1.11, 1.44]) and obesity (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval [1.21, 1.70]). However, no association was observed between PA and BMI. Participants in the insufficient and sufficient PA/high ST categories were more likely to be obese after adjusting for sociodemographic and health condition. Our findings call for public health initiatives that consider reducing ST in older adults.

Association of physical activity with body mass index, waist circumference and incidence of obesity in older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cárdenas Fuentes ◽  
Rowaedh Ahmed Bawaked ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez González ◽  
Dolores Corella ◽  
Isaac Subirana Cachinero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass

scholarly journals Profiles of Accelerometry-Derived Physical Activity Are Related to Perceived Physical Fatigability in Older Adults

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Graves ◽  
Yujia (Susanna) Qiao ◽  
Kyle D. Moored ◽  
Robert M. Boudreau ◽  
Elizabeth M. Venditti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Depression Symptomatology ◽  
Rest Activity

Physical activity (PA) is associated with greater fatigability in older adults; little is known about magnitude, shape, timing and variability of the entire 24-h rest–activity rhythm (RAR) associated with fatigability. We identified which features of the 24-h RAR pattern were independently and jointly associated with greater perceived physical fatigability (Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale, PFS, 0–50) in older adults (n = 181, 71.3 ± 6.7 years). RARs were characterized using anti-logistic extended cosine models and 4-h intervals of PA means and standard deviations across days. A K-means clustering algorithm approach identified four profiles of RAR features: “Less Active/Robust”, “Earlier Risers”, “More Active/Robust” and “Later RAR”. Quantile regression tested associations of each RAR feature/profile on median PFS adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index and depression symptomatology. Later rise times (up mesor; β = 1.38, p = 0.01) and timing of midpoint of activity (acrophase; β = 1.29, p = 0.01) were associated with higher PFS scores. Lower PA between 4 a.m. and 8 a.m. was associated with higher PFS scores (β = −4.50, p = 0.03). “Less Active/Robust” (β = 6.14, p = 0.01) and “Later RAR” (β = 3.53, p = 0.01) patterns were associated with higher PFS scores compared to “Earlier Risers”. Greater physical fatigability in older adults was associated with dampened, more variable, and later RARs. This work can guide development of interventions aimed at modifying RARs to reduce fatigability in older adults.

scholarly journals Aβ misfolding in blood plasma is inversely associated with body mass index even in middle adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Möllers ◽  
Hannah Stocker ◽  
Laura Perna ◽  
Andreas Nabers ◽  
Dan Rujescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Abstract Background To understand the potential for early intervention and prevention measures in Alzheimer’s disease, the association between risk factors and early pathological change needs to be assessed. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine whether risk factors of Alzheimer’s clinical syndrome (clinical AD), such as body mass index (BMI), are associated with Aβ misfolding in blood, a strong risk marker for AD among older adults. Methods Information on risk factors and blood samples were collected at baseline in the ESTHER study, a population-based cohort study of older adults (age 50–75 years) in Germany. Aβ misfolding in blood plasma was analyzed using an immuno-infrared-sensor in a total of 872 participants in a nested case-control design among incident dementia cases and matched controls. Associations between risk factors and Aβ misfolding were assessed by multiple logistic regression. For comparison, the association between the risk factors and AD incidence during 17 years of follow-up was investigated in parallel among 5987 cohort participants. Results An inverse association with Aβ misfolding was seen for BMI at age 50 based on reported weight history (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.96, p = 0.03). Similar but not statistically significant associations were seen for BMI at baseline (i.e., mean age 68) and at age 40. No statistically significant associations with Aβ misfolding were found for other risk factors, such as diabetes, smoking, and physical activity. On the other hand, low physical activity was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing clinical AD compared to physical inactivity. Conclusions Our results support that AD pathology may be detectable and associated with reduced weight even in middle adulthood, many years before clinical diagnosis of AD. Physical activity might reduce the risk of onset of AD symptoms.

Physical activity, body mass index, and blood progranulin in older adults: cross-sectional associations in the MAPT study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Raffin ◽  
Davide Angioni ◽  
Kelly V Giudici ◽  
Philippe Valet ◽  
Geetika Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Multiple Linear Regressions ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Linear Regressions

Abstract Physical activity (PA) has been shown to moderate the negative effects of obesity on pro-inflammatory cytokines but its relationship with the adipokine progranulin (PGRN) remains poorly investigated. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional main and interactive associations of body mass index (BMI) and PA level with circulating PGRN in older adults. Five-hundred and twelve subjects aged 70 years and over involved in the Multidomain Alzheimer Prevention Trial (MAPT) Study who underwent plasma PGRN measurements (ng/ml) were included. Self –reported PA levels were assessed using questionnaires. People were classified into three BMI categories: normal weight, overweight or obesity. Further categorization using PA tertiles was used to define highly active, moderately active and low active individuals. Multiple linear regressions were performed in order to test the associations of BMI, PA level, and their interaction with PGRN levels. Multiple linear regressions adjusted by age, sex, diabetes mellitus status, total cholesterol, creatinine level and MAPT group demonstrated significant interactive associations of BMI status and continuous PA such that in people without obesity, higher PA levels were associated with lower PGRN concentrations, while an opposite pattern was found in individuals with obesity. In addition, continuous BMI was positively associated with circulating PGRN in highly active individuals but not in their less active peers. This cross-sectional study demonstrated reverse patterns in older adults with obesity compared to those without obesity regarding the relationships between PA and PGRN levels. Longitudinal and experimental investigations are required to understand the mechanisms that underlie the present findings.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein and Preservation of Physical Functioning Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the Framingham Offspring Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. 1411-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jabed Mustafa ◽  
R Curtis Ellison ◽  
Martha R Singer ◽  
M Loring Bradlee ◽  
Bindu Kalesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lower Body Mass Index ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Dietary protein may help prevent age-related declines in strength and functional capacity. This study examines the independent relationship between dietary protein and longitudinal changes in physical functioning among adults participating in the Framingham Offspring Study from examination 5 (1991–1995) to examination 8 (2005–2008). Protein intakes were derived from 3-day diet records during examinations 3 and 5; functional status was determined over 12 years using 7 items selected from standardized questionnaires. Multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, education, physical activity, smoking, height, and energy intake. Functional tasks that benefitted most from a higher-protein diet (≥1.2 g/kg/day vs. &lt;0.8 g/kg/day) were doing heavy work at home, walking 1/2 mile (0.8 km), going up and down stairs, stooping/kneeling/crouching, and lifting heavy items. Those with higher protein intakes were 41% less likely (95% CI: 0.43, 0.82) to become dependent in 1 or more of the functional tasks over follow-up. Higher physical activity and lower body mass index were both independently associated with less functional decline. The greatest risk reductions were found among those with higher protein intakes combined with either higher physical activity, more skeletal muscle mass, or lower body mass index. This study demonstrates that dietary protein intakes above the current US Recommended Daily Allowance may slow functional decline in older adults.

scholarly journals Racial Differences In Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity and Mitochondrial Capacity in the Absence of Obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 4307-4314 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. DeLany ◽  
John J. Dubé ◽  
Robert A. Standley ◽  
Giovanna Distefano ◽  
Bret H. Goodpaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity

Context: African-American women (AAW) have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with Caucasian women (CW). Lower insulin sensitivity has been reported in AAW, but the reasons for this racial difference and the contributions of liver versus skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that young, nonobese AAW manifest lower insulin sensitivity specific to skeletal muscle, not liver, and is accompanied by lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Participants and Main Outcome Measures: Twenty-two nonobese (body mass index 22.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2) AAW and 22 matched CW (body mass index 22.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2) underwent characterization of body composition, objectively assessed habitual physical activity, and insulin sensitivity with euglycemic clamps and stable-isotope tracers. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed for lipid content, fiber typing, and mitochondrial measurements. Results: Peripheral insulin sensitivity was 26% lower in AAW (P &lt; .01), but hepatic insulin sensitivity was similar between groups. Physical activity levels were similar between groups. Lower insulin sensitivity in AAW was not explained by total or central adiposity. Skeletal muscle triglyceride content was similar, but mitochondrial content was lower in AAW. Mitochondrial respiration was 24% lower in AAW and correlated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (r = 0.33, P &lt; .05). Conclusion: When compared with CW, AAW have similar hepatic insulin sensitivity but a muscle phenotype characterized by both lower insulin sensitivity and lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity. These observations occur in the absence of obesity and are not explained by physical activity. The only factor associated with lower insulin sensitivity in AAW was mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Because exercise training improves both mitochondrial capacity and insulin sensitivity, we suggest that it may be of particular benefit as a strategy for diabetes prevention in AAW.

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