scholarly journals Parental and Peer Influences on Physical Activity Among Scottish Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kirby ◽  
Kate A. Levin ◽  
Jo Inchley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Baseline Physical Activity

Background:This study investigated parental and peer influences on physical activity, examining gender and developmental differences during early-mid adolescence.Methods:A 5-year longitudinal study tracking physical activity (measured by PAQ-C) among adolescents (n = 641) from final year of primary (P7) to fourth year of secondary school (S4). Peer support, peer socializing, parental support, and independent play were assessed. Logistic regression predicted physical activity, by year and gender, in relation to social influences.Results:Boys reported higher physical activity, peer support, paternal support, and independent play than girls. Among both genders, peer, paternal, and maternal support decreased with age, whereas independent play increased. Time with friends was particularly important. Among high socializers (P7), odds of being active were over 3 times those of low socializers [boys: 3.53 (95% CI 1.77, 7.04), girls: 3.27 (95% CI 1.80, 5.92)]. Baseline physical activity was also a strong predictor among early secondary boys (OR 3.90 95% CI 2.10, 7.24) and girls (OR 4.15, 95% CI 2.00, 8.62). Parental support was less important than peer influences; only same-sex parental support remained significant in multivariables models.Conclusions:Parents and peers have important influences on adolescent physical activity. Significant gender and developmental effects are apparent through early-mid adolescence.

scholarly journals Associations between Psychosocial Variables, Availability of Physical Activity Resources in Neighborhood Environment, and Out-of-School Physical Activity among Chinese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6643
Author(s):  
Nan Qiu ◽  
Xiaoli Gao ◽  
Xinge Zhang ◽  
Jialin Fu ◽  
Yechuang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Out Of School

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between psychosocial variables (peer support, parental support, autonomous motivation, and controlled motivation), availability of physical activity resources in a neighborhood environment, and out-of-school moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among Chinese adolescents. The questionnaire of Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study was used to collect information on demographics, socioeconomic status, psychosocial variables, available physical activity resources in the neighborhood environment, and minutes of out-of-school MVPA. ANOVA analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed. The mean age of the 3833 adolescents included in our analysis was 14.7 years old (SD = 1.7). Peer support (b = 9.35, 95% CI: 7.55–11.15), autonomous motivation (b = 6.46, 95% CI: 4.09–8.82), parental support (b = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.75–6.07), and availability of physical activity resources in neighborhood environment (b = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.99–4.36) were significantly associated with out-of-school MVPA (p < 0.05). Controlled motivation was insignificantly related to minutes of out-of-school MVPA. Boys spent more time on out-of-school MVPA than girls (p < 0.001) and had a high level of peer support, parental support, and motivation (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that interventions targeting the out-of-school MVPA among Chinese adolescents should focus on the psychosocial variables and neighborhood environment.

scholarly journals Physical Activity as a Predictor of Cognitive Decline in an Elderly Essential Tremor Cohort: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith H. Radler ◽  
Silvia Chapman ◽  
Maria Anna Zdrodowska ◽  
Hollie N. Dowd ◽  
Xinhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Baseline Physical Activity ◽  
Lower Physical Activity ◽  
Over Time

Background: Essential tremor (ET), one of the most common neurological diseases, is associated with cognitive impairment. Surprisingly, predictors of cognitive decline in ET remain largely unidentified, as longitudinal studies are rare. In the general population, however, lower physical activity has been linked to cognitive decline.Objectives: To determine whether baseline physical activity level is a predictor of cognitive decline in ET.Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven ET cases (78.1 ± 9.5 years, range = 55–95), enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study of cognition. At baseline, each completed the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), a validated, self-rated assessment of physical activity. Cases underwent an extensive battery of motor-free neuropsychological testing at baseline, 1.5 years, and 3 years, which incorporated assessments of cognitive subdomains. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to assess the predictive utility of baseline physical activity for cognitive change.Results: Mean follow-up was 2.9 ± 0.4 years (range = 1.3–3.5). In cross-sectional analyses using baseline data, lower physical activity was associated with lower overall cognitive function as well as lower cognitive scores in numerous cognitive domains (memory, language, executive function, visuospatial function and attention, all p &lt; 0.05). In adjusted GEE models, lower baseline physical activity level significantly predicted overall cognitive decline over time (p=0.047), and declines in the subdomains of memory (p = 0.001) and executive function (p = 0.03).Conclusions: We identified reduced physical activity as a predictor of greater cognitive decline in ET. The identification of risk factors often assists clinicians in determining which patients are at higher risk of cognitive decline over time. Interventional studies, to determine whether increasing physical activity could modify the risk of developing cognitive decline in ET, may be warranted.

scholarly journals Longitudinal associations of parental and peer influences with physical activity during adolescence: findings from the COMPASS study

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Y. Lau ◽  
G. Faulkner ◽  
W. Qian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Parental Encouragement ◽  
Unit Increase

Introduction To examine temporal variations in parental and peer influences on adolescent physical activity (PA) and whether these variations predicted changes in PA. Methods We analyzed data from Years 1, 2 and 3 of the COMPASS study. Participants were 22 909 students in Grades 9 to 12 (mean age [years] = 15.42 ± 1.12, 46% boys, 85% White), who had completed the following survey items on 2 or more consecutive occasions: age, sex, grade, race/ethnicity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), parental encouragement and parental instrumental support for PA, and number of active peers. We used a linear-mixed model to investigate longitudinal effects of parental and peer influences on changes in square-root transformed average MVPA. We used a generalized-estimatingequations (GEE) model to investigate compliance with Canadian PA guidelines for youth. These models included parental encouragement, instrumental support and number of active peers as time-varying predictors, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and grade as covariates, and accounting for the clustering within children and schools. Results We found that adolescents perceived significantly less parental encouragement and instrumental support and reported fewer active peers as they got older. In addition, the adjusted models suggest that, for a one-unit increase in the score of parental encouragement, parental instrumental support and number of active peers, average MVPA significantly increased by 0.22 units, 0.23 units and 0.16 units, respectively. For the same one-unit increase, adjusted odds of an adolescent complying with the PA guidelines increased by 9%, 4% and 6%, respectively. Conclusion Promoting parental support and facilitating the formation and maintenance of a physically active friendship network may play an important role in attenuating declines in PA during adolescence.

scholarly journals Parental and Peer Support are Associated with Physical Activity in Adolescents: Evidence from 74 Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4435
Author(s):  
Shanchita R. Khan ◽  
Riaz Uddin ◽  
Sandra Mandic ◽  
Asaduzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Health Organization

Although parental and peer support can influence adolescents’ physical activity (PA), these associations have not been fully examined through a global assessment. This study examined the associations of parental and peer support with PA among adolescents from 74 countries. The Global School-based Student Health Survey data from 250,317 adolescents aged 11–17 years (48.8% girls), collected between 2007 and 2016, were analysed. Adolescents were asked how many days/week they were physically active and about their parental and peer support. Meta-analysis showed that adolescents who had high parental or peer support had higher odds of attaining sufficient PA (odds ratio (OR): 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–1.46; OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.49–1.65, respectively). Pooled estimates of association were significant across all World Health Organization (WHO) regions and country-income categories with the highest estimate from the low-income countries. The Western Pacific region showed the highest association between parental support and adolescents’ PA (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.41–1.59), while South-East Asia exhibited the highest association between peer support and adolescents’ PA (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.59–2.04). Country-level estimates of associations are presented. Future studies should use robust assessment of PA and PA-specific parental and peer support with emphasis on qualitative investigation to understand the complexity of the relationships.

Self-Referent Thoughts in Exercise: The Self-Perception in Exercise Questionnaire

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Social Comfort ◽  
And Gender

Adherence to lifestyle changes - beginning to exercise, for example - is assumed to be mediated by self-referent thoughts. This paper describes a pilot study and three studies conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for adults to determine their self-perceptions related to health-oriented exercise. The pilot study identified items pertinent to the domains considered important in this context, and began the process of selecting items. Study 2 examined the factor structure, reduced the number of items, determined the internal consistency of the factors, and explored the discriminative validity of the questionnaire as to physical activity level and gender. Four factors with a total of 24 items were accepted, measuring mastery of exercise, body perception, social comfort/discomfort in the exercise setting, and perception of fitness. All subscales had acceptable internal consistencies. Preliminary validity was demonstrated by confirming hypothesized differences in scores as to gender, age, and physical activity level. The third study examined and demonstrated convergent validity with similar existing subscales. The fourth study examined an English-language version of the questionnaire, confirming the existence of the factors and providing preliminary psychometric evidence of the viability of the questionnaire.

Healthy Children and Fears about Death

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Wass
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Some explanations for the paucity of empirical studies of death fears in healthy, nonbereaved children are offered, and issues in studying this topic are discussed. Three major findings from the existing literature — occurrence, age/developmental differences, and gender differences in frequency, intensity, and quality — are presented, followed by a discussion of questions that remain largely unanswered and explanations that may need revision.

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