A Point-by-Point Analysis of Performance in a Fencing Match: Psychological Processes Associated with Winning and Losing Streaks

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Doron ◽  
Patrick Gaudreau
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Serial Dependency ◽  
Point Analysis

This study aimed to revisit the complex nature of serial dependency of performance during a match, examining the prospective associations between psychological processes and subsequent performance at the within-person level of analysis, and explore whether psychological processes are associated with the likelihood of winning series of points. A process-oriented sequential approach was used with 16 elite fencers during a simulated competition. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that serial dependency of performance fluctuates within a match. Results of a Bayesian multilevel structural equation model showed that prior performance subsequently influenced psychological processes. Although psychological processes did not predict performance in the subsequent point, successive winnings were associated with higher perceived control and task-oriented coping and lower negative affectivity compared with both losing streaks and nonstreaks. Overall, serial dependencies of performance are nonstationary during a match whereas psychological processes significantly differ in episodes of winning after winning versus losing after losing.

scholarly journals How Does a Public Health Emergency Motivate People’s Impulsive Consumption? An Empirical Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Li ◽  
Taiyang Zhao ◽  
Ershuai Huang ◽  
Jianan Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Consumption Choices

Impulsive consumption is a typical behavior that people often present during public health emergencies, which usually leads to negative outcomes. This study investigates how public health emergencies, such as COVID-19, affect people’s impulsive consumption behavior. Data from 1548 individuals in China during the COVID-19 outbreak was collected. The sample covered 297 prefecture-level cities in 31 provincial administrative regions. The research method included the use of a structural equation model to test multiple research hypotheses. The study finds that the severity of a pandemic positively affects people’s impulsive consumption. Specifically, the more severe the pandemic, the more likely people are to make impulsive consumption choices. The results indicate that both perceived control and materialism play mediating roles between the severity of a pandemic and impulsive consumption. As conclusions, people’s impulsive consumption during public health emergencies can be weakened either by enhancing their perceived control or by reducing their materialistic tendency. These conclusions are valuable and useful for a government’s crisis response and disaster risk management.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Factors Affecting Teachers’ Burnout in the New Normal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Andrian Dela Cruz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Early Childhood Teachers ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Teaching Learning

The outbreak of the COVID-19 has brought about tiring tasks and unending demands in the Philippine educational system. With the abrupt shift of the teaching-learning process, teachers are pressured and stressed, which leads them to be burned out. The descriptive correlational research design determines the direct and indirect effects of perceived control to burnout through teachers’ personality traits of the 240 early childhood teachers. Data are analyzed using the Pearson r formula, Bivariate parametric correlation, and the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The study reveals that despite the challenges experienced in this time of pandemic, teachers have control over themselves and with the people around them. The teachers’ level of control does not influence their burnout; instead, their burnout is dependent on their emotional stability. Thus, burnout is a personal choice which is triggered by one’s emotion. A person with high perceived control may still be burned out if he does not have control over his emotions.

Choking vs. Clutch Performance: A Study of Sport Performance under Pressure

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Otten
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Implicit Knowledge ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Performance Under Pressure

Choking research in sport has suggested that an athlete's tendency to choke, versus give a better than usual (i.e., “clutch”) performance depends on his or her personality, as well as on situational influences, such as a reliance on explicit (versus implicit) knowledge when pressured. The current study integrated these hypotheses and tested a structural equation model (SEM) to predict sport performance under pressure. Two hundred and one participants attempted two sets of 15 basketball free throws, and were videotaped during their second set of shots as a manipulation of pressure. Results of the model suggest that “reinvesting” attention in the task leads to greater anxiety (cognitive and somatic), which then predicts a higher level of self-focus; self-focus, then, did not lead to improved performance under pressure, whereas feelings of self-reported “perceived control” did help performance. Implications for measurement of these constructs, and their relationships with performance, are discussed.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Treatment Satisfaction Among People Living with HIV in Japan and Other Selected Countries: Examination of the Intertwined Roles of Medication, Patient, and Provider Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Koga ◽  
Rumi Wakatabe ◽  
Noriko Okamoto ◽  
Asuka Sasai ◽  
Keita Kambara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Treatment Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Living With Hiv

AbstractWe examined satisfaction and perceived challenges with antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Japan vs three other Asian countries (China, Taiwan, South Korea), and 21 non-Asian countries, using data from the 2019 Positive Perspectives Study (pooled sample size from all 25 countries = 2389). Participants in other Asian countries were more likely than those in Japan to report they missed ART ≥ 1 time in the past month because they were depressed/overwhelmed (57.4%[89/155] vs 32.0%[24/75]), had privacy concerns (56.8%[88/155] vs 30.7%[23/75]), were concerned about the potential long-term negative impacts of ART (46.5%[72/155] vs 26.7%[20/75]), or just wanted to forget about HIV (45.8%[71/155] vs 22.7%[17/75]). ART satisfaction however did not differ significantly between surveyed PLHIV in Japan (54.7%[41/75]) vs those in other Asian countries (47.7%[74/155]). The percentage who felt that daily ART dosing limited their lives was 36.0%[27/75] among participants from Japan, 48.4%[75/155] among participants from other Asian countries, and 27.3%[589/2159] among those from non-Asian countries. Within a structural equation model using pooled data from all 25 countries, positive correlations were seen between ART satisfaction and “provider engagement” (β = 0.35), high perceived control over ART dosing schedule (β = 0.28), and the belief that ART prevents HIV transmission (β = 0.16). Conversely, negative correlations were seen between ART satisfaction and experience of ART side-effects (β = − 0.24), high “ART anxiety” (β = − 0.20); and being on multi-tablet regimens (β = − 0.13). Those ART-satisfied reported higher self-rated health and greater ART adherence. These findings underscore the need for patient-centered care to enhance treatment satisfaction and improve ART adherence.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Inequality Constrained Hypotheses Using a Generalization of the AIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Altinisik ◽  
Caspar J. Van Lissa ◽  
Herbert Hoijtink
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Order Restricted ◽  
Type Information

In the social and behavioral sciences, it is often not interesting to evaluate the null hypothesis by means of a p-value. Researchers are often more interested in quantifying the evidence in the data (as opposed to using p-values) with respect to their own expectationsrepresented by equality and/or inequality constrained hypotheses (as opposed to the null hypothesis). This article proposes an Akaike-type information criterion (AIC; Akaike, 1973, 1974) called the generalized order-restricted information criterion approximation (GORICA) that evaluates (in)equality constrained hypotheses under a very broad range of statistical models. The results of five simulation studies provide empirical evidence showing that the performance of the GORICA on selecting the best hypothesis out of a set of (in)equality constrained hypotheses is convincing. To illustrate the use of the GORICA, the expectations of researchers are investigated in a logistic regression, multilevel regression, and structural equation model.

scholarly journals The manager’s decision in acknowledging and disclosing environmental liability: A Behavioral Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Susi Sarumpaet
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Environmental Liability

This study analyzes why managers accrue and disclose environmental liability, which involves managers’ discretions. Using the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen 1991), this research hypothesizes that a manager’s intention to accrue and disclose environmental liability is influenced by: (1) attitudes (2) subjective norms, and (3) perceived behavioral control of the manager towards accruing and disclosing such information. The data was collected through a survey, employing a questionnaire modified from Weidman (2002). Responses from 50 corporate managers in Lampung Province were analyzed using structural equation model software package SmartPLS. This study finds that a manager’s attitude towards environmental liability is positively associated with his/her decision to accrue and disclose environmental liability. However, there is no evidence that subjective norms and behavioral control are associated with such a decision. An additional test using attitude as a moderating variable provides evidence that both subjective norms and perceived control behavior are positively associated with the attitude towards environmental liability.

scholarly journals Revitalization of Offline Fashion Stores: Exploring Strategies to Improve the Smart Retailing Experience by Applying Mobile Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3434
Author(s):  
Yunjeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Perceived Enjoyment

With the reduction in offline fashion stores, retailers are trying to revitalize offline stores by applying smart retail technologies. This study aimed to determine how factors related to the offline–mobile connected smart retailing experience affected satisfaction through perceived quality and perceived risk. An online survey was conducted on female consumers in their 20s and 30s, and 302 questionnaires were distributed. The analysis, which utilized a structural equation model, confirmed that, from among five smart retailing experience-related factors, perceived advantage, perceived enjoyment, and interactivity affected perceived quality and that perceived advantage and interactivity significantly affected perceived risk. However, perceived control and personalization did not affect perceived quality and perceived risk. Furthermore, perceived quality significantly affected overall satisfaction, offline satisfaction, and mobile satisfaction, while perceived risk did not affect mobile satisfaction. This study confirmed that the perceived advantage and interactivity of smart retailing experiences play an important role in enhancing customer satisfaction.

Idiographic Dynamics of Positive Affect in GAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-509
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Bosley ◽  
Devon B. Sandel ◽  
Aaron J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Automatic Search ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Exploratory Procedure

Abstract. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with worry and emotion regulation difficulties. The contrast-avoidance model suggests that individuals with GAD use worry to regulate emotion: by worrying, they maintain a constant state of negative affect (NA), avoiding a feared sudden shift into NA. We tested an extension of this model to positive affect (PA). During a week-long ecological momentary assessment (EMA) period, 96 undergraduates with a GAD analog provided four daily measurements of worry, dampening (i.e., PA suppression), and PA. We hypothesized a time-lagged mediation relationship in which higher worry predicts later dampening, and dampening predicts subsequently lower PA. A lag-2 structural equation model was fit to the group-aggregated data and to each individual time-series to test this hypothesis. Although worry and PA were negatively correlated in 87 participants, our model was not supported at the nomothetic level. However, idiographically, our model was well-fit for about a third (38.5%) of participants. We then used automatic search as an idiographic exploratory procedure to detect other time-lagged relationships between these constructs. While 46 individuals exhibited some cross-lagged relationships, no clear pattern emerged across participants. An alternative hypothesis about the speed of the relationship between variables is discussed using contemporaneous correlations of worry, dampening, and PA. Findings suggest heterogeneity in the function of worry as a regulatory strategy, and the importance of temporal scale for detection of time-lagged effects.

Differential Item Functioning in Brief Instruments of Disordered Eating

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Thielemann ◽  
Felicitas Richter ◽  
Bernd Strauss ◽  
Elmar Braehler ◽  
Uwe Altmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
German Population ◽  
Test Fairness ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Multiple Indicator

Abstract. Most instruments for the assessment of disordered eating were developed and validated in young female samples. However, they are often used in heterogeneous general population samples. Therefore, brief instruments of disordered eating should assess the severity of disordered eating equally well between individuals with different gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES). Differential item functioning (DIF) of two brief instruments of disordered eating (SCOFF, Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-8]) was modeled in a representative sample of the German population ( N = 2,527) using a multigroup item response theory (IRT) and a multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) structural equation model (SEM) approach. No DIF by age was found in both questionnaires. Three items of the EAT-8 showed DIF across gender, indicating that females are more likely to agree than males, given the same severity of disordered eating. One item of the EAT-8 revealed slight DIF by BMI. DIF with respect to the SCOFF seemed to be negligible. Both questionnaires are equally fair across people with different age and SES. The DIF by gender that we found with respect to the EAT-8 as screening instrument may be also reflected in the use of different cutoff values for men and women. In general, both brief instruments assessing disordered eating revealed their strengths and limitations concerning test fairness for different groups.

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