Characteristics of Shoulder-Position Sense: Effects of Mode of Movement, Scapular Support, and Arm Orientation

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prawit Janwantanakul ◽  
Mark A. Jones ◽  
Mary E. Magarey ◽  
Timothy S. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Shoulder Position ◽  
Associated Variables

Context:Although the repositioning test is widely used to evaluate proprioception, the effects of several test-associated variables on the test outcome are not known.Objective:To determine the effects of mode of movement, scapular support, and arm orientation on shoulder-position sense.Participants:49 healthy, randomly selected men.Methods:The repositioning test was conducted in 4 settings in which mode of movement, scapular support, and arm orientation were manipulated differently.Main Outcome Measure:Position-sense acuity was quantified as repositioning accuracy and consistency.Results:Active limb movement significantly enhanced repositioning accuracy and consistency compared with passive movement. Repositioning consistency was significantly better when the scapula was supported than when it was not. Arm orientation had no significant effect on repositioning accuracy and consistency.Conclusion:The protocol for evaluating or rehabilitating shoulder proprioception should include active limb movement with the scapula unsupported to ensure that it refects a patient’s proprioceptive demand during functional activities.

The Effects of Sex, Limb Dominance, and Soccer Participation on Knee Proprioception and Dynamic Postural Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutlu Cug ◽  
Erik A. Wikstrom ◽  
Bahman Golshaei ◽  
Sadettin Kirazci
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Limb Dominance

Context:Both female athletes’ participation in soccer and associated injuries have greatly increased in recent years. One issue is the 2–9 times greater incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes relative to male athletes in comparable sports. Several factors such as limb dominance and sporting history have been proposed to play a role in ACL incidence rates between male and female athletes. However, evidence about the effects of these factors and how they interact with sex is mixed, and thus no consensus exists.Objective:To quantify the effects of sports participation, limb dominance, and sex on dynamic postural control and knee-joint proprioception.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:19 male soccer players, 17 female soccer players, 19 sedentary men, and 18 sedentary women.Intervention:Joint-position sense was tested using reproduction of passive positioning on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer (30°, 45°, and 60° from 90° of knee flexion). Three Star Excursion Balance Test directions were used to assess dynamic postural control.Main Outcome Measure:Normalized reach distance (% of leg length) in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions on each leg quantified dynamic postural control. Average absolute error and constant error for both limbs quantified joint-position sense.Results:Posteromedial reach distance was significantly better in soccer players than sedentary individuals (P = .006). Anterior reach distance was significantly better (P = .04) in sedentary individuals than soccer players. No limb-dominance or sex differences were identified for dynamic postural control, and no differences in absolute- or constant-error scores were identified.Conclusion:Sporting history has a direction-specific impact on dynamic postural control. Sporting history, sex, and limb dominance do not influence knee-joint proprioception when tested in an open kinetic chain using passive repositioning.

Knee-Joint Position Sense: The Relationship between Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Tests

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Error Score ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Authors have investigated knee joint-position sense (JPS) in non-weight-bearing open kinetic chain (OKC) manner, but few have investigated JPS during closed kinetic chain (CKC) weight-bearing activities or the relationship between these two.Objective:To investigate the relationship between knee JPS during OKC and CKC maneuvers.Design:2-group (men and women) repeated-measures.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:80 asymptomatic subjects.Interventions:None.Main Outcome Measure:Absolute error score of knee JPS during 2 conditions, a CKC squat or OKC knee-flexion maneuver.Results:Statistical analysis by 2-way ANOVA showed sex not to have a significant effect on error score (P= .475), but statistically significant differences between error scores occurred during the 2 tests (P= .0001), the CKC test producing lower error scores (group mean absolute error score OKC [5.6° ± 4.3°] and CKC [2.8° ± 2.4°]), with the absence of a correlation between scores of each test (r= .1).Conclusion:Testing JPS in a CKC scenario would seem appropriate—the ability is greatest (least errors), and conversely any deficits might be most obvious.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and postnatal growth following extremely preterm birth

2020 ◽  
pp. fetalneonatal-2020-320816
Author(s):  
Theodore Dassios ◽  
Emma E Williams ◽  
Ann Hickey ◽  
Catey Bunce ◽  
Anne Greenough
Keyword(s):  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Extremely Preterm Birth ◽  
Current Incidence

ObjectivesTo report the current incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and to compare changes in weight and head circumference between infants who developed BPD and infants who did not.DesignRetrospective, whole-population study.SettingAll neonatal units in England between 2014 and 2018.PatientsAll liveborn infants born <28 completed weeks of gestation.InterventionsThe change in weight z-score (ΔWz) was calculated by subtracting the birthweight z-score from the weight z-score at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and at discharge. The change in head circumference z-score (ΔHz) was calculated by subtracting the birth head circumference z-score from the head circumference z-score at discharge.Main outcome measureBPD was defined as the need for any respiratory support at 36 weeks PMA.Results11 806 infants were included in the analysis. The incidence of BPD was 57.5%, and 18.9% of the infants died before 36 weeks PMA. The median (IQR) ΔWz from birth to 36 weeks PMA was significantly smaller in infants who developed BPD (−0.69 (−1.28 to −0.14), n=6105) than in those who did not develop BPD (−0.89 (−1.40 to −0.33), n=2390; adjusted p<0.001). The median (IQR) ΔHz from birth to discharge was significantly smaller in infants who developed BPD (−0.33 (−1.69 to 0.71)) than in those who did not develop BPD (−0.61 (−1.85 to 0.35); adjusted p<0.001).ConclusionsPostnatal growth was better in infants diagnosed with BPD compared with infants without BPD possibly due to more aggressive nutrition strategies.

S153 – Radiological Balloon Dilatation of Neo-Pharyngeal Strictures

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P127-P128
Author(s):  
Robert L Harris ◽  
Grundy Alan ◽  
Tunde A Odutoye
Keyword(s):  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Stent Insertion ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Main Outcome Measure

Objectives Radiological balloon dilatation of lower oesophageal strictures is common practice. Other than some early reports from our own centre, there is little published regarding radiological dilatation of pharyngeal and upper oesophageal strictures and less still on radiological balloon dilatation of post-total laryngectomy and pharyngolaryngectomy neo-pharyngeal strictures. Standard practise is bouginage under general anaesthaesia. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of radiological balloon dilatation for the treatment of dysphagia secondary to neopharyngeal strictures in patients who have undergone laryngectomy. Methods A tertiary care centre case series of 20 consecutive patients (17 males and 3 females aged 40 to 84) with pharyngeal stricture and dysphagia post-total laryngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy who underwent balloon dilatation of the stricture under radiological guidance. Maintenance of swallowing was the main outcome measure. Results 5 patients gained relief of their dysphagia with 1 balloon dilatation only. 9 patients required more than 1 dilatation to maintain swallowing. 2 patients had balloon dilatation procedures and stent insertion for palliative relief of dysphagia from known recurrent malignant disease. 3 patients failed to maintain swallowing with repeat dilatations. No patients suffered any significant complications such as perforation. Conclusions Balloon dilatation is minimally invasive and less traumatic than rigid pharyngoscopy with bouginage dilatation. It is well tolerated. It may be repeated frequently and can successfully relieve strictures of the pharynx in patients who have undergone total laryngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy.

Skeletal and Dental Correction and Stability Following LeFort I Advancement in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate With Mild, Moderate, and Severe Maxillary Hypoplasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562199610
Author(s):  
Buddhathida Wangsrimongkol ◽  
Roberto L. Flores ◽  
David A. Staffenberg ◽  
Eduardo D. Rodriguez ◽  
Pradip. R. Shetye
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Maxillary Hypoplasia ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

Objective: This study evaluates skeletal and dental outcomes of LeFort I advancement surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with varying degrees of maxillary skeletal hypoplasia. Design: Retrospective study. Method: Lateral cephalograms were digitized at preoperative (T1), immediately postoperative (T2), and 1-year follow-up (T3) and compared to untreated unaffected controls. Based on the severity of cleft maxillary hypoplasia, the sample was divided into 3 groups using Wits analysis: mild: ≤0 to ≥−5 mm; moderate: <−5 to >−10 mm; and severe: ≤−10 mm. Participants: Fifty-one patients with nonsyndromic CLP with hypoplastic maxilla who met inclusion criteria. Intervention: LeFort I advancement. Main Outcome Measure: Skeletal and dental stability post-LeFort I surgery at a 1-year follow-up. Results: At T2, LeFort I surgery produced an average correction of maxillary hypoplasia by 6.4 ± 0.6, 8.1 ± 0.4, and 10.7 ± 0.8 mm in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. There was a mean relapse of 1 to 1.5 mm observed in all groups. At T3, no statistically significant differences were observed between the surgical groups and controls at angle Sella, Nasion, A point (SNA), A point, Nasion, B point (ANB), and overjet outcome measures. Conclusions: LeFort I advancement produces a stable correction in mild, moderate, and severe skeletal maxillary hypoplasia. Overcorrection is recommended in all patients with CLP to compensate for the expected postsurgical skeletal relapse.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Screening for Thyroid Carcinoma in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Case Series

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 4840-4843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Brignardello ◽  
Andrea Corrias ◽  
Giuseppe Isolato ◽  
Nicola Palestini ◽  
Luca Cordero di Montezemolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Head Neck

Context: Childhood cancer survivors need regular monitoring into young adulthood and beyond, because they are at risk for developing late-onset complications of cancer therapy, including second malignancies. Objective: This study focuses on the use of thyroid ultrasound to screen for thyroid carcinoma in a population of childhood cancer survivors. Patients: A total of 129 subjects who had received radiotherapy to the head, neck, or upper thorax for a pediatric cancer were studied in the setting of a long-term follow-up unit. Design: Thyroid ultrasound usually began 5 yr after radiotherapy and was repeated every third year, if negative. Median follow-up time since childhood cancer diagnosis was 15.8 yr (range 6.1–34.8 yr). Solid thyroid nodules were found in 35 patients. Fine-needle aspiration was performed in 19 patients, of which 14 had nodules above 1 cm. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome measure was the finding of not palpable thyroid cancers. Results: Cytological examination of specimens diagnosed papillary carcinoma in five patients who underwent surgery. The cytological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma was confirmed in all cases by histological examination. Notably, only two of these patients had palpable nodules; the other three were smaller than 1 cm and were detected only by ultrasound. However, histological examination showed nodal metastases in two of these. Conclusions: Although ultrasound screening for thyroid cancer in the general population is not cost effective and could lead to unnecessary surgery, due to false positives, we believe that in childhood cancer survivors who received radiotherapy involving the head, neck, or upper thorax, it would be worthwhile.

scholarly journals The Effects of Spinal Manipulation on Motor Unit Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Lucien Robinault ◽  
Aleš Holobar ◽  
Sylvain Crémoux ◽  
Usman Rashid ◽  
Imran Khan Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Spinal Manipulation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Passive Movement

Over recent years, a growing body of research has highlighted the neural plastic effects of spinal manipulation on the central nervous system. Recently, it has been shown that spinal manipulation improved outcomes, such as maximum voluntary force and limb joint position sense, reflecting improved sensorimotor integration and processing. This study aimed to further evaluate how spinal manipulation can alter neuromuscular activity. High density electromyography (HD sEMG) signals from the tibialis anterior were recorded and decomposed in order to study motor unit changes in 14 subjects following spinal manipulation or a passive movement control session in a crossover study design. Participants were asked to produce ankle dorsiflexion at two force levels, 5% and 10% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), following two different patterns of force production (“ramp” and “ramp and maintain”). A significant decrease in the conduction velocity (p = 0.01) was observed during the “ramp and maintain” condition at 5% MVC after spinal manipulation. A decrease in conduction velocity suggests that spinal manipulation alters motor unit recruitment patterns with an increased recruitment of lower threshold, lower twitch torque motor units.

scholarly journals The value of domiciliary medication reviews: a thematic analysis of patient views

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia McCormick ◽  
Bridget Coleman ◽  
Ian Bates
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Medication Reviews ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Patient Centric

AbstractBackground Medication reviews are recognised as essential to tackling problematic polypharmacy. Domiciliary medication reviews (DMRs) have become more prevalent in recent years. They are proclaimed as being patient-centric but published literature mainly focuses on clinical outcomes. However, it is not known where the value of DMRs lies for patients who participate in them. Objective To determine the value of domiciliary medication reviews to service users. Setting Interviews took place with recipients of domiciliary medication reviews residing in the London boroughs of Islington and Haringey. Method Semi-structured interviews analysed using thematic analysis. Main outcome measure Themes and sub-themes identified from interview transcripts. Results Five themes were identified: advantages over traditional settings, attributes of the professional, adherence, levels of engagement and knowledge. Conclusion For many patients, the domiciliary setting is preferred to traditional healthcare settings. Patients appreciated the time spent with them during a DMR and felt listened to. Informal carers felt reassured that the individual medication needs of their relative had been reviewed by an expert.

scholarly journals Association of Cryptorchidism with a Specific Haplotype of the Estrogen Receptor α Gene: Implication for the Susceptibility to Estrogenic Environmental Endocrine Disruptors

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 4716-4721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Yoshida ◽  
Maki Fukami ◽  
Isoji Sasagawa ◽  
Tomonobu Hasegawa ◽  
Naoyuki Kamatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Environmental Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Specific Haplotype

Context: The prevalence of cryptorchidism (CO) has increased during the past few decades in several countries, and this event has primarily been ascribed to the estrogenic effects of environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs). Little is known, however, about the role of genetic susceptibility to EEDs in this phenomenon. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether CO is associated with a specific haplotype of the gene for estrogen receptor α (ESR1) that mediates the estrogenic effects of EEDs. Design: This was a case-control study. Setting: The study was performed at the National Research Institute and University Hospitals. Subjects: Sixty-three cryptorchid males, aged 1–13 yr, and 47 control males, aged 4–12 yr, were studied. Intervention: After genotyping 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms widely distributed in the greater than 300-kb genomic sequences of ESR1, haplotype analysis was performed. Main Outcome Measure: Identification of a specific ESR1 haplotype associated with CO was the main outcome measure. Results: A haplotype block was identified for an approximately 50-kb region encompassing single nucleotide polymorphisms 10–14 in the 3′ region of ESR1 in both groups. The frequency of the estimated AGATA haplotype within the block was higher in the patients than in the control males (34.0% vs. 21.3%; P = 0.037), and the association of this haplotype with CO phenotype was significant in a recessive mode (P = 0.0060). The homozygosity for this haplotype was identified only in the patients, and the frequency of the homozygotes was significantly different between the two groups (10 of 63 vs. zero of 47; P = 0.0042). Conclusions: The association of CO with homozygosity for the specific ESR1 haplotype suggests the relevance of genetic susceptibility to EEDs in the development of CO.

The Effects of Superficial Heating before 1-MHz Ultrasound on Tissue Temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Holcomb ◽  
Chris Blank
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Temperature Elevation ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Independent Variable

Context:Ultrasound significantly raises tissue temperature, but the time of temperature elevation is short.Objective:To assess the effectiveness of superficial preheating on temperature elevation and decline when using ultrasound.Design:Within-subjects design to test the independent variable, treatment condition; repeated-measures ANOVAs to analyze the dependent variables, temperature elevation and decline.Setting:Athletic training laboratory.Intervention:Temperature at a depth of 3.75 cm was measured during ultrasound after superficial heating and with ultrasound alone.Subjects:10 healthy men.Main Outcome Measure:Temperature was recorded every 30 s during 15 min of ultrasound and for 15 min afterward.Results:Temperature elevation with ultrasound was significantly greater with preheating (4.0 ± 0.21 °C) than with ultrasound alone (3.0 ± 0.22 °C). Temperature decline was not significantly different between preheating and ultrasound alone.Conclusions:Superficial preheating significantly increases temperature elevation but has no effect on temperature decline during a 15-min cooling period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document