Functional Effects of Inertial Training of the Upper Extremity

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. McLoda ◽  
Kate M. Murphy ◽  
Steve Davison
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Size Groups

Context:Inertial training of the shoulder.Objective:To determine the differences of functional and EMG measures between a control group and an exercise group of overhead throwers.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:17 intercollegiate baseball players and 19 intercollegiate softball players divided into 2 equal-size groups, control and exercise.Main Outcome Measures:Preliminary data were recorded, including throwing velocity, throwing accuracy, and EMG activity of the biceps brachii, upper pectorals, and posterior deltoid. The exercise group completed a 4-week training regimen on the Impulse Inertial Trainer. All participants returned for follow-up measures.Results:No significant group-by-time interaction occurred relative to ball velocity, accuracy, or EMG activity.Conclusion:For experienced throwers, functional measures and muscle activity during throwing were not affected by inertial training of the upper extremity.

Effects of Calisthenics and Pilates Exercises on Coordination and Proprioception in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Ozer Kaya ◽  
Irem Duzgun ◽  
Gul Baltaci ◽  
Selma Karacan ◽  
Filiz Colakoglu
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain

Objective:To assess and compare the effects of 6 mo of Pilates and calisthenics on multijoint coordination and proprioception of the lower limbs at the 3rd and 6th mo of training.Design:Randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded, repeated-measures.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants and Intervention:Healthy, sedentary, female participants age 25–50 y were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups: a calisthenic exercise group (n = 34, mean age ± SD 40 ± 8 y, body-mass index [BMI] 31.04 ± 4.83 kg/m2), a Pilates exercise group (n = 32, mean age ± SD 37 ± 8 y, BMI 31.04 ± 4.83 kg/m2), and a control group (n = 41, mean age ± SD 41 ± 7 y, BMI 27.09 ± 4.77 kg/m2). The calisthenics and Pilates groups underwent related training programs for 6 mo, while the controls had no specific training.Main Outcome Measures:Coordination and proprioception of the lower extremities with concentric and eccentric performances in the closed kinetic chain assessed with the monitored rehab functional squat system at baseline and at the 3rd and 6th mo of training.Results:For the within-group comparison, coordinative concentric and eccentric deviation values were significantly decreased for both dominant and nondominant lower limbs at pretraining and at the 3rd and 6th mo posttraining in the calisthenics group (P < .05). In contrast, there was no improvement in the Pilates group throughout the training. However, for comparisons between groups, the baseline values of coordinative concentric and eccentric deviations were different in the calisthenics group than in Pilates and the controls (P < .05). There were no differences in the proprioception values of either visible or nonvisible movement in any group throughout the training (P > .05).Conclusions:It seems that calisthenic exercises are more likely to improve coordination of the lower extremity after 3 and 6 mo of training than Pilates exercises. Calisthenic exercises may be useful for individuals who require improved coordination.

scholarly journals Using automatic speech recognition technology to enhance EFL learners’ oral language complexity in a flipped classroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-131
Author(s):  
Michael Yi-Chao Jiang ◽  
Morris Siu-Yung Jong ◽  
Wilfred Wing-Fat Lau ◽  
Ching-Sing Chai ◽  
Na Wu
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time

The present study examined the effects of using automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology on oral complexity in a flipped English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course. A total of 160 undergraduates were enrolled in a 14-week quasi-experiment. The experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) were taught with a flipped approach, but the EG students needed to undertake an additional pre-class task with ASR technology. In each unit, all students’ in-class task performance was recorded, based on which the metrics of oral complexity were coded and computed. A two-way between- and within-subjects repeated measures design was conducted to examine the effects of the group factor, the time factor and the group × time interaction effects. The results showed that the EG students performed statistically better than their counterparts in the CG on lexical complexity and syntactic complexity. Moreover, significant improvement in phrasal complexity was witnessed over time in both groups. Significant group × time interaction effects were witnessed on overall complexity or subordination complexity. The gradients of the EG trajectories of the two metrics were greater than those of the CG. However, on phrasal complexity, the interaction effect was not significant.

scholarly journals Greater Power but Not Strength Gains Using Flywheel Versus Equivolumed Traditional Strength Training in Junior Basketball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Marko D. M. Stojanović ◽  
Mladen Mikić ◽  
Patrik Drid ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Nebojša Maksimović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
And Control

The main aim of the present study was to compare the effects of flywheel strength training and traditional strength training on fitness attributes. Thirty-six well trained junior basketball players (n = 36; 17.58 ± 0.50 years) were recruited and randomly allocated into: Flywheel group (FST; n = 12), traditional strength training group (TST; n = 12) and control group (CON; n = 12). All groups attended 5 basketball practices and one official match a week during the study period. Experimental groups additionally participated in the eight-week, 1–2 d/w equivolume intervention conducted using a flywheel device (inertia = 0.075 kg·m−2) for FST or free weights (80%1 RM) for TST. Pre-to post changes in lower limb isometric strength (ISOMET), 5 and 20 m sprint time (SPR5m and SPR20m), countermovement jump height (CMJ) and change of direction ability (t-test) were assessed with analyses of variance (3 × 2 ANOVA). Significant group-by-time interaction was found for ISOMET (F = 6.40; p = 0.000), CMJ (F = 7.45; p = 0.001), SPR5m (F = 7.45; p = 0.010) and T test (F = 10.46; p = 0.000). The results showed a significantly higher improvement in CMJ (p = 0.006; 11.7% vs. 6.8%), SPR5m (p = 0.001; 10.3% vs. 5.9%) and t-test (p = 0.045; 2.4% vs. 1.5%) for FST compared to the TST group. Simultaneously, th FST group had higher improvement in ISOMET (p = 0.014; 18.7% vs. 2.9%), CMJ (p = 0.000; 11.7% vs. 0.3%), SPR5m (p = 0.000; 10.3% vs. 3.4%) and t-test (p = 0.000; 2.4% vs. 0.6%) compared to the CON group. Players from the TST group showed better results in CMJ (p = 0.006; 6.8% vs. 0.3%) and t-test (p = 0.018; 1.5% vs. 0.6%) compared to players from the CON group. No significant group-by-time interaction was found for sprint 20 m (F = 2.52; p = 0.088). Eight weeks of flywheel training (1–2 sessions per week) performed at maximum concentric intensity induces superior improvements in CMJ, 5 m sprint time and change of direction ability than equivolumed traditional weight training in well trained junior basketball players. Accordingly, coaches and trainers could be advised to use flywheel training for developing power related performance attributes in young basketball players.

Strength Training Using Elastic Bands: Improvement of Muscle Power and Throwing Performance in Young Female Handball Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naryana Cristina Mascarin ◽  
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽  
Rodrigo Luiz Vancini ◽  
Alberto de Castro Pochini ◽  
Antonio Carlos da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Elastic Bands

Context:Imbalance in shoulder-rotator muscles has been considered a risk factor for injuries in handball. Strength training programs (STPs) may play an important preventive role.Objective:To verify the effects of an STP using elastic bands on shoulder muscles and ball-throwing speed.Design:Randomized and prospective controlled trial.Setting:Exercise physiology laboratory.Participants:Thirty-nine female handball players were randomly assigned to an experimental (EG, n = 21, 15.3 ± 1.1 y) or a control (CG, n = 18, 15.0 ± 0.8 y) group.Intervention:The EG performed the STP with elastic-band progressive exercises for 6 wk before regular handball training, and the CG underwent only their regular training.Main Outcome Measures:Before and after the STP, both groups underwent a ball-throwing-speed test and isokinetic test to assess shoulder internal- (IR) and external-rotator muscle performance.Results:Average power values for IR muscles presented a significant group-vs-time interaction effect (F = 3.9, P = .05); EG presented significantly higher values after the STP (P = .03). Ball speed presented higher values in EG after the STP in standing (P = .04) and jumping (P = .03) throws. IR peak-torque values and balance in shoulder-rotator muscles presented no group-vs-time interaction effect.Conclusions:STP using elastic bands performed for 6 wk was effective to improve muscle power and ball speed for young female handball players.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Diltiazem for the Control of Blood Pressure in Puerperal Patients with Severe Preeclampsia: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gilberto Arias-Hernández ◽  
Cruz Vargas-De-León ◽  
Claudia C Calzada-Mendoza ◽  
María Esther Ocharan-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Blind

Background. Postpartum preeclampsia is a serious disease related to high blood pressure that occurs commonly within the first six days after delivery. Objective. To evaluate if diltiazem improves blood pressure parameters in early puerperium patients with severe preeclampsia. Methodology. A randomized, single-blind longitudinal clinical trial of 42 puerperal patients with severe preeclampsia was carried out. Patients were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (n = 21) received diltiazem (60 mg) and the control group (n = 21) received nifedipine (10 mg). Both drugs were orally administered every 8 hours. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures as well as the heart rate were recorded and analyzed (two-way repeated measures ANOVA) at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 hours. Primary outcome measures were all the aforementioned blood pressure parameters. Secondary outcome measures included the number of hypertension and hypotension episodes along with the length of stay in the intensive care unit. Results. No statistical differences were found between groups (diltiazem vs. nifedipine) regarding basal blood pressure parameters. Interarm differences in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean) and heart rate were statistically significant between treatment groups from 6 to 48 hours. Patients in the diltiazem group had lower blood pressure levels than patients in the nifedipine group. Significantly, patients who received diltiazem had fewer hypertension and hypotension episodes and stayed fewer days in the intensive care unit than those treated with nifedipine. Conclusions. Diltiazem controlled arterial hypertension in a more effective and uniform manner in patients under study than nifedipine. Patients treated with diltiazem had fewer collateral effects and spent less time in the hospital. This trial is registered with NCT04222855.

Testing the Effectiveness of a Strengths-Based Intervention Targeting All 24 Strengths: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412093744
Author(s):  
Lobna Chérif ◽  
Valerie M. Wood ◽  
Christian Watier
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Character Strength ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Experimental Group

This study assessed the effectiveness of a strengths-based randomized controlled trial focused on fostering all 24 character strengths in a group of 75 participants from a University in Tunisia. Participants randomly assigned to the challenge condition (n = 40) received an email each day for 24 days, that highlighted a particular strength of the day including why the strength is valuable, how to implement the strength behaviourally, and a motto related to that strength. Those in the control condition (n = 35) simply received emails containing the motto for each strength daily for 24 days. We assessed all participants’ levels of happiness before the experiment (T0), the day following the experiment (T1), and one-month following the experiment (T2). Results from a 2 (group) X 3 (time) split plot ANOVA revealed a significant group-by-time interaction, such that at T2 the experimental group had greater happiness scores than the control group. These findings provide some evidence that even “minimalist” interventions (involving the receipt of emails encouraging character-strength development), might be effective for promoting gains in happiness even one month after the intervention.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention on Obesity Status, Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Gyun Seo ◽  
Hyunjung Lim ◽  
YoonMyung Kim ◽  
Young-Su Ju ◽  
Hye-Ja Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Usual Care ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

This study aimed to develop a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention program targeted at children and adolescents with moderate to severe obesity, and assess the additional effects of exercise intervention when compared to usual care. Overall, the 103 enrolled participants were ≥85th percentile of age and sex-specific body mass index (BMI). Participants were divided into groups that received 16 weeks of either usual care or exercise intervention. The BMI z-score of the overall completers decreased by about 0.05 after the 16-week intervention (p = 0.02). After the intervention, only the exercise group had a significantly lower BMI z-score than the baseline score by about 0.1 (p = 0.03), but no significant group by time interaction effects were observed. At the 16-week follow-up, significant group by time interaction effects were observed in percentage body fat (%BF) (β = −1.52, 95%CI = −2.58–−0.45), lean body mass (LM) (β = 1.20, 95%CI = 0.12–2.29), diastolic blood pressure (β = −5.24, 95%CI = −9.66–−0.83), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β = −1.67, 95%CI = −2.77–−1.01), and wall sit test score (β = 50.74, 95%CI = 32.30–69.18). We developed a moderate-intensity intervention program that can be sustained in the real-world setting and is practically applicable to both moderate and severe obesity. After interventions, the exercise group had lower %BF and cardiometabolic risk markers, and higher LM and leg muscle strength compared to the usual care group.

Comparison of Training between 2 Cycle Ergometers on Dynamic Balance for Middle-Aged Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda E. Bouillon ◽  
Douglas K. Sklenka ◽  
Amy C. Driver
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Cycle Training ◽  
Cycle Group

Context:Interval cycle training could positively influence dynamic balance in middle-aged women.Objective:To compare training effects of a strength ergometer and a standard ergometer on 3 dynamic balance tests.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Seventeen women were randomly assigned to standard (n = 10) or strength cycle ergometry (n = 7). A control group consisted of 7 women.Intervention:Ergometry interval training (3 sessions/wk for 4 wk).Main Outcome Measures:Three balance tests—the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), timed up-and-go (TUG), and four-square step test (FSST)—were performed at pretraining and 4 wk posttraining.Results:Four SEBT directions improved and faster scores for FSST and TUG tests for the standard-cycle group were found, whereas the strength-cycle group only improved their TUG scores. No changes posttraining for the control group.Conclusions:Stationary cycle training should be included in the dynamic balance-rehabilitation protocol for middle-aged women.

Unilateral Multiaxial Coordination Training and Ankle Kinesthesia, Muscle Strength, and Postural Control

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan L. Riemann ◽  
Nancy Caggiano Tray ◽  
Scott M. Lephart
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Coordination Training

Objectives:To determine the physiological adaptations that might occur with a 4-week unilateral multiaxial training program in lower leg kinesthesia, peak torque, and postural control.Study Design:True experimental pretest-posttest control-group design.Setting:Research laboratory.Subjects:26 healthy, active subjects (14 men, 12 women).Interventions:Subjects were assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group performed multiaxial coordination training 3 days/wk for 4 weeks.Main Outcome Measures:Both groups were tested 3 times, pretest and 2 and 4 weeks after training was initiated. Outcome measures included conscious appreciation of ankle kinesthesia, eversion and dorsiflexion isokinetic peak torque, and static and functional postural control.Results:Results revealed a significant Group × Test interaction only for inversion kinesthesia.Conclusions:Four weeks of multiaxial coordination training did not significantly improve any of the dependent variables in healthy individuals. Further research should consider the effects of such a program on injured subjects.

Electromyographic Evaluation of Abdominal-Muscle Function With and Without Concomitant Pelvic-Floor-Muscle Contraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Tahan ◽  
Amir Massoud Arab ◽  
Bita Vaseghi ◽  
Khosro Khademi
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Emg Signal

Context:Coactivation of abdominal and pelvic-floor muscles (PFM) is an issue considered by researchers recently. Electromyography (EMG) studies have shown that the abdominal-muscle activity is a normal response to PFM activity, and increase in EMG activity of the PFM concomitant with abdominal-muscle contraction was also reported.Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in EMG activity of the deep abdominal muscles during abdominal-muscle contraction (abdominal hollowing and bracing) with and without concomitant PFM contraction in healthy and low-back-pain (LBP) subjects.Design:A 2 × 2 repeated-measures design.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:30 subjects (15 with LBP, 15 without LBP).Main Outcome Measures:Peak rectified EMG of abdominal muscles.Results:No difference in EMG of abdominal muscles with and without concomitant PFM contraction in abdominal hollowing (P = .84) and abdominal bracing (P = .53). No difference in EMG signal of abdominal muscles with and without PFM contraction between LBP and healthy subjects in both abdominal hollowing (P = .88) and abdominal bracing (P = .98) maneuvers.Conclusion:Adding PFM contraction had no significant effect on abdominal-muscle contraction in subjects with and without LBP.

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