scholarly journals Acute Stretch Perception Alteration Contributes to the Success of the PNF “Contract-Relax” Stretch

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike H. Mitchell ◽  
J. William Myrer ◽  
J. Ty Hopkins ◽  
Iain Hunter ◽  
J. Brent Feland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Fourth Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Average Stretch

Context:Some researchers have suggested that an alteration of stretch perception could be responsible for the success of the contract-relax (CR) stretch, a stretch technique derived from proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF).Objective:This study was conducted to determine if the alteration of the stretch perception is a possible explanation for the range of motion (ROM) gains of the CR stretch.Participants:Eighteen subjects performed two stretches in randomized order: the slow stretch and the CR stretch.Main Outcome Measure:The stretch intensity was controlled. The stretch force was measured and compared between the slow stretch and CR stretch.Results:There was a significant difference between the stretch force that could be applied in the PNF stretch (126.0 N) and the slow stretch (108.4 N); P = 0.00086. The average stretch tolerance progressively increased with successive trials from 120.6 N in the first trial to 132.4 N in the fourth trial.Conclusion:The alteration of stretch perception plays a role in the success of the CR form of PNF stretching. At least four repetitions of the CR stretch are recommended to get the greatest ROM gain.

Effects of Different Heating Modalities on Hip Flexion Passive Range of Motion

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hanson ◽  
James Day
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Tissue Heating ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hot Pack

Context:Therapeutic modalities are routinely administered to increase fexibility, but the relative effects of different modes of tissue heating on passive range of motion (PROM) are unknown.Objective:To assess the relative effects of active exercise on a stationary bicycle, moist hot pack treatment, and warm whirlpool treatment on hip fexion PROM.Design:Repeated measures.Subjects:24 males and 20 females between the ages 18 and 24 years.Main Outcome MeasureHip fexion PROM measured by an inclinometer.Results:Repeated measures analysis of variance identified a significant difference among the heating methods, F(1, 43) = 32.41;p< .001. Active exercise produced the greatest change in hip fexion PROM.Conclusions:All three treatment methods produced an increase in hip fexion PROM, but active exercise produced a significantly greater increase than moist hot pack and warm whirlpool treatments.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Low-Frequency Stimulation in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques for Post-Ankle-Sprain Balance and Proprioception in Adults- a Randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHALID A ALAHMARI ◽  
Paul Silvian Samuel ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Ravi Shankar Reddy ◽  
Jaya Shanker Tedla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract BackgroundStretching is an important part of post-ankle-sprain rehabilitation, as well as an effective exercise for improving general ankle-joint performance. But the combination of stretching alongside muscle stimulation has not yet been extensively studied. Therefore the purpose of the present research is to compare the baseline, post- and follow-up effects of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching technique combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), as compared against the effects of the PNF stretching technique alone.MethodsSixty subjects with lateral ankle sprains were selected and randomly allocated to three groups: Experimental Group One (EG 1), Experimental Group Two (EG 2), and the Control Group (CG). Subjects in EG 1 received the PNF stretching technique combined with TENS. Subjects in EG2 received the PNF stretching technique alone. Both experimental groups received these treatments for 4 weeks (4 days/week); follow-up assessments were administered in the third and fifth weeks. CG received no treatment; outcome measures alone were assessed. Outcome measures comprised pain, flexibility, proprioception, range of motion, muscle strength, physical activity, and balance. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of time factors and groups on these outcome measures.ResultsThere was significant interaction (time and group), and the time effect for all the outcome measures (p < 0.05). Physical activity, dorsiflexion, and balance in the medial, lateral, anterolateral, and anteromedial directions did not show a significant difference between the groups. EG 1 showed significant improvement for all the outcome variables between pre- and post-treatment and follow-up when compared to the other groups.ConclusionsThe present study showed that a 12-session treatment program of 3 weeks’ duration that combines PNF stretching with low-frequency TENS for post-ankle sprain subjects, compared against PNF stretching alone, produced significant improvements in balance, proprioception, strength, and range of motion. The study also showed that the treatment effect was sustained even after treatment was ceased after the follow-up assessment in the fifth week.Trial Registration:Human Research Ethics Committee approval for the trial (approval no.: (ECM#2019-26)Clinical trial was also registered in the Clinical Trials Registry – ISRCTN 18013941

Comparing the corneal curvatures obtained from three different keratometers-IOL Master, Bausch & Lomb Manual keratometer and TOPCON KR 8800 autokeratometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Arpitha Pereira ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Corneal Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

AIM: To compare the corneal curvature and to investigate the agreement between three different keratometers. METHODS: In this prospective study, keratometry was performed using an IOL Master, a Bausch & Lomb manual keratometer and TOPCON KR-8800 autokeratometer on 252 eyes of patients recruited from camps for cataract surgery. The average keratometry values were recorded and compared. The agreements between the instruments were analyzed using the Bland Altman statistical method. The main outcome measure was average keratometry values.RESULTS: The mean corneal power was 44.62±1.52 D with the IOL Master, 44.60±1.52 D with the manual keratometer, and 44.46±1.53 D with the autokeratometer. The paired t test demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the mean corneal power between the IOL Master and manual keratometer (P=0.001), IOL Master and autokeratometer (P<0.0001), autokeratometer and manual keratometer (P<0.0001). The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of the IOL Master and manual keratometer were -0.22 to 0.26; IOL Master and autokeratometer were -0.24 to 0.55; autokeratometer and manual keratometer were -0.30 to 0.57 as shown in the Bland-Altman plot. CONCLUSION: Keratometry data obtained with different instruments may not be interchangeable, a fact that has important implications for cataract surgeons with respect to both surgical planning and outcomes auditing.

scholarly journals Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Incidence of Diabetes in Elderly People: The PRO.V.A. Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 2351-2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Giuseppe Sergi ◽  
Marina De Rui ◽  
Francesco Bolzetta ◽  
Elena Debora Toffanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes

Context: Increasing research has shown that low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25OHD) predict the onset of diabetes, but no research is available on this issue in elderly people. Objective: Our objective was to examine whether low serum levels of 25OHD are associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes over a lengthy follow-up in a representative group of elderly people. Design and Setting: This was a population-based cohort study as part of the Progetto Veneto Anziani (Pro.V.A.) Study over a follow-up of 4.4 years in the general community. Participants: Participants included 2227 participants (1728 with follow-up visits and 499 died during the follow-up) over 65 years of age without diabetes at baseline, of 2352 initially included. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome measure was incident diabetes. Results: There were no baseline differences in known factors for the onset of diabetes (body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, renal function, and hemoglobin A1c levels) between the groups with different serum 25OHD levels (≤25, 25–50, 50–75, and ≥75 nmol/L). Over a 4.4-year follow-up, 291 individuals developed diabetes, with an incidence of 28 events per 1000 person-years. No significant difference in the incidence of diabetes emerged between the baseline 25OHD groups. Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, revealed no relationship between low vitamin D levels and incident diabetes during the follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76–1.45, P = .77; HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.95–1.98, P = .12; and HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.87–2.16, P = .17 for those with 25OHD ≤25, 25–50, and 50–75 nmol/L, respectively). Conclusion: Baseline serum concentrations of 25OHD were not associated with the incidence of diabetes in community-dwelling elderly people over a follow-up of 4.4 years.

Sleep Efficiency and Overreaching in Swimmers

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Wall ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola ◽  
C. Buz Swanik ◽  
Susan Levenstein
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Context:Overreaching can be beneficial, but there is a risk of overtraining.Objective:To investigate the difference in sleep efficiency between overreached and nonover-reached swimmers.Design:Repeated-measures, between-subjects. Swimmers were determined to be overreaching if 2 or more of their consecutive weekly swim times increased by 5% or more from baseline.Participants:9 competitive high school and university sprinter swimmers.Intervention:24-h wrist actigraph.Main Outcome Measure:Sleep efficiency as measured by the actigraph.Results:There was a significant difference in sleep efficiency on night 1 between the overreached and nonoverreached swimmers (P = .008), as well as in their times after averaging over all 5 trials and adjusting for baseline (P = .016). By the fourth swim trial, the overreached swimmers had significantly slower swim times than those of the nonoverreached swimmers (P = .001).Conclusions:Sleep efficiency shows potential as an objective, noninvasive predictor and monitor of overreaching in swimmers.

Otologic Outcomes With Two Different Surgical Protocols in Patients With a Cleft Palate

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1289-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire D’Andréa ◽  
Claude Maschi ◽  
Charles Savoldelli ◽  
Hervé Caci ◽  
Sonanda Bailleux
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ventilation Tubes ◽  
Medical Reports ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intravelar Veloplasty ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To compare otologic outcomes in patients with cleft palate who underwent 2 different surgical protocols. Design: Monocentric retrospective analysis of medical reports. Patients, Participants: All consecutively treated patients affected by a cleft palate, born between January 1998 and December 2002 (group 1) and between January 2007 and December 2010 (group 2). Interventions: Patients in group 1 underwent Veau-Wardill-Kilner palatoplasty at 10 months and had ventilation tubes inserted in case of otitis media with effusion (OME) during surgery. Patients in group 2 underwent Sommerlad intravelar veloplasty at 5 months. Ventilation tubes were inserted only in case of persistent OME. Main Outcome Measure(s): The need for a second set of ventilation tubes to be inserted in case of persistent OME, the presence of OME at the age of 2 years, and tympanic abnormalities at the age of 5 years were analyzed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference either for the presence of OME at the age of 2 years (27 [45%] vs 32 [57.14%], respectively, in groups 1 and 2; P = .191) or for tympanic abnormalities at the age of 5 years (20 [33.33%] vs 15 [26.79%]; P = .433). Statistically significant difference was found for the need to insert a second set of ventilation tubes in case of persistent OME (29 [48.33%] vs 12 [21.42%], respectively; P = .02). Conclusion: Early Sommerlad intravelar veloplasty may reduce persistent OME and consequently the need for ventilation tubes insertion, compared to later Veau-Wardill-Kilner palatoplasty.

Changes in Active Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion after Acute Inversion Ankle Sprain

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Youdas ◽  
Timothy J. McLean ◽  
David A. Krause ◽  
John H. Hollman
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Ankle Inversion

Context:Posterior calf stretching is believed to improve active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (AADFROM) after acute ankle-inversion sprain.Objective:To describe AADFROM at baseline (postinjury) and at 2-wk time periods for 6 wk after acute inversion sprain.Design:Randomized trial.Setting:Sports clinic.Participants:11 men and 11 women (age range 11–54 y) with acute inversion sprain.Intervention:Standardized home exercise program for acute inversion sprain.Main Outcome Measure:AADFROM with the knee extended.Results:Time main effect on AADFROM was significant (F3,57 = 108, P < .001). At baseline, mean active sagittal-plane motion of the ankle was 6° of plantar flexion, whereas at 2, 4, and 6 wk AADFROM was 7°, 11°, and 11°, respectively.Conclusions:AADFROM increased significantly from baseline to week 2 and from week 2 to week 4. Normal AADFROM was restored within 4 wk after acute inversion sprain.

The Immediate Effects of Lidocaine Iontophoresis on Trigger-Point Pain

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Evans ◽  
Jennifer R. Kunkle ◽  
Krista M. Zinz ◽  
Jessica L. Walter ◽  
Craig R. Denegar
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Current

Objective:To assess the efficacy of lidocaine iontophoresis on myofascial trigger-point pain.Setting:University athletic training facility.Design:Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures.Subjects:Twenty-three subjects with sensitive trigger points over the trapezius.Intervention:Placebo iontophoresis treatment without current or lidocaine, control treatment using distilled water and normal current dose, medicated treatment using 1% lidocaine and normal current dose.Main Outcome Measure:Trigger-point pressure threshold assessed with an algometer.Results:ANOVA revealed a significant difference among treatments (F2,40= 7.38,P< .01). Post hoc comparisons revealed a significant difference in pressure threshold between the lidocaine treatment and the control (P= .01) and placebo (P= .001) treatments. Effect sizes of .28 and .39, respectively, were found for these comparisons.Conclusions:Although the data revealed significant differences between treatments, the small effect sizes and magnitude of the pressure-sensitivity deviation scores suggest that iontophoresis with 1% lidocaine is ineffective in treating trigger points.

Effect of Foam Rolling and Static Stretching on Passive Hip-Flexion Range of Motion

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Mohr ◽  
Blaine C. Long ◽  
Carla L. Goad
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Static Stretch ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Foam Rolling ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
And Control

Context:Many athletes report that foam rollers help release tension in their muscles, thus resulting in greater range of motion (ROM) when used before stretching. To date, no investigators have examined foam rollers and static stretching.Objective:To determine if foam rolling before static stretching produces a significant change in passive hip-flexion ROM.Design:Controlled laboratory study.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:40 subjects with less than 90° of passive hip-flexion ROM and no lower-extremity injury in the 6 mo before data collection.Interventions:During each of 6 sessions, subjects' passive hip-flexion ROM was measured before and immediately after static stretching, foam rolling and static stretching, foam rolling, or nothing (control). To minimize accessory movement of the hip and contralateral leg, subjects lay supine with a strap placed across their hip and another strap located over the uninvolved leg just superior to the patella. A bubble inclinometer was then aligned on the thigh of the involved leg, with which subjects then performed hip flexion.Main Outcome Measure:Change in passive hip-flexion ROM from the preintervention measure on day 1 to the postintervention measure on day 6.Results:There was a significant change in passive hip-flexion ROM regardless of treatment (F3,17 = 8.06, P = .001). Subjects receiving foam roll and static stretch had a greater change in passive hip-flexion ROM compared with the static-stretch (P = .04), foam-rolling (P = .006), and control (P = .001) groups.Conclusions:Our results support the use of a foam roller in combination with a static-stretching protocol. If time allows and maximal gains in hip-flexion ROM are desired, foam rolling the hamstrings muscle group before static stretching would be appropriate in noninjured subjects who have less than 90° of hamstring ROM.

scholarly journals Conjunctival colonisation and antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negativeStaphylococcusafter cataract surgery: a 6-month longitudinal study at a medical centre in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e027036
Author(s):  
Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang ◽  
Chiun-Ho Hou ◽  
Yhu-Chering Huang ◽  
Ching-Hsi Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Colonisation Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increasing Trend

ObjectiveTo explored 6-month longitudinal changes in conjunctival colonisation and antibiotic resistance profiles of coagulase-negativeStaphylococcus(CNS) after cataract surgery with 1 month tobramycin treatment.DesignProspective cohort study between 1 August 2012, and 31 July 2013.SettingA single medical centre in Taiwan.ParticipantsA total of 128 Taiwanese patients with 46.9% of male participants.InterventionsSamples from the conjunctival sacs of both operation (OP) and non-OP eyes were obtained separately before cataract surgery and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Tobramycin (0.3%) treatment was applied four times daily for 1 month postoperatively.Main outcome measureIdentification of CNS isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility by using disk diffusion or E-test.ResultsCNS was detected in 24.2% of patients at baseline. During postoperative follow-up, the CNS colonisation rate did not decrease in either eye but showed an increasing trend in the OP eyes at 1 month (p=0.06). The colonisation rate showed no significant difference between the OP and non-OP eyes from baseline to a specific follow-up. We observed a significant increase (p<0.05) in resistance to tobramycin at 1 month and to ciprofloxacin at 3 months in the OP eyes and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole at 1 month and 3 months and to oxacillin at 6 months in the non-OP eyes.ConclusionsDuring the 6-month postoperative follow-up, 0.3% tobramycin administration failed to reduce CNS colonisation but increased resistance to several antibiotics. Postoperative antibiotic treatment may be replaced by other evidence-endorsed prophylactic routines.

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