Sleep Efficiency and Overreaching in Swimmers

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Wall ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola ◽  
C. Buz Swanik ◽  
Susan Levenstein
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Context:Overreaching can be beneficial, but there is a risk of overtraining.Objective:To investigate the difference in sleep efficiency between overreached and nonover-reached swimmers.Design:Repeated-measures, between-subjects. Swimmers were determined to be overreaching if 2 or more of their consecutive weekly swim times increased by 5% or more from baseline.Participants:9 competitive high school and university sprinter swimmers.Intervention:24-h wrist actigraph.Main Outcome Measure:Sleep efficiency as measured by the actigraph.Results:There was a significant difference in sleep efficiency on night 1 between the overreached and nonoverreached swimmers (P = .008), as well as in their times after averaging over all 5 trials and adjusting for baseline (P = .016). By the fourth swim trial, the overreached swimmers had significantly slower swim times than those of the nonoverreached swimmers (P = .001).Conclusions:Sleep efficiency shows potential as an objective, noninvasive predictor and monitor of overreaching in swimmers.

Predictors of Recovery Time

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Quinn ◽  
Barry J. Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Type Design

Objective:To explore predictors of recovery time.Design:Repeated measures on 4 occasions throughout recovery included injury appraisal, demographics, emotional responses, and psychological variables.Participants:Elite injured athletes (N= 136).Main Outcome Measure:Recovery time.Results:At all phases, being a team athlete was a significant predictor of faster recovery. At partial recovery (approximately one-third of the recovery time), significant predictors were active coping, confidence of reaching full recovery in the estimated time, not completing rehabilitation, and having less social support. By semirecovery (approximately two-thirds of the recovery time), vigor and using denial significantly predicted quicker recovery. At recovery, having previously suffered a serious nonsporting injury or illness, vigor, more confidence, and intensity of effort significantly predicted faster recovery.Conclusions:This study has expanded on and refined the work in this area and will help increase understanding of the role that psychological variables play in decreasing recovery time, which has important implications for those implementing rehabilitation programs.

Effects of Different Heating Modalities on Hip Flexion Passive Range of Motion

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hanson ◽  
James Day
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Tissue Heating ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hot Pack

Context:Therapeutic modalities are routinely administered to increase fexibility, but the relative effects of different modes of tissue heating on passive range of motion (PROM) are unknown.Objective:To assess the relative effects of active exercise on a stationary bicycle, moist hot pack treatment, and warm whirlpool treatment on hip fexion PROM.Design:Repeated measures.Subjects:24 males and 20 females between the ages 18 and 24 years.Main Outcome MeasureHip fexion PROM measured by an inclinometer.Results:Repeated measures analysis of variance identified a significant difference among the heating methods, F(1, 43) = 32.41;p< .001. Active exercise produced the greatest change in hip fexion PROM.Conclusions:All three treatment methods produced an increase in hip fexion PROM, but active exercise produced a significantly greater increase than moist hot pack and warm whirlpool treatments.

Quantifying Bilateral Joint Contributions during Three Variations of the Step Exercise

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Flanagan ◽  
Kara M. Kessans ◽  
George J. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Step Down

Context:Information regarding how the mechanical demand differs with variants of the step exercise may be used by clinicians to more appropriately prescribe lower-extremity exercise.Objective:To quantify the joint torque contributions of the lower extremity during three different step exercises: forward step-up (FS), lateral step-up (LS), and step-down (SD).Design:An experiment with a repeated measures design.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:18 healthy subjects (9 men, 9 women, age 25.67 ± 4.23 years, height 1.73 ± 0.10 meters, mass 72.73 ± 10.67 kilograms).Intervention:Participants performed three sets of three repetitions of each exercise while instrumented for biomechanical analysis.Main Outcome Measure:Mechanical effort of the hip, knee, and ankle of both limbs during each exercise.Results:The greatest contribution from the hip was required during the FS, while the contribution from the knee was required during the SD. The greatest contribution from the ankle was required during the LS and SD.Conclusion:Choice of step exercise results in different distributions of mechanical demand across the lower extremities.

The Immediate Effects of Lidocaine Iontophoresis on Trigger-Point Pain

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Evans ◽  
Jennifer R. Kunkle ◽  
Krista M. Zinz ◽  
Jessica L. Walter ◽  
Craig R. Denegar
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Current

Objective:To assess the efficacy of lidocaine iontophoresis on myofascial trigger-point pain.Setting:University athletic training facility.Design:Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures.Subjects:Twenty-three subjects with sensitive trigger points over the trapezius.Intervention:Placebo iontophoresis treatment without current or lidocaine, control treatment using distilled water and normal current dose, medicated treatment using 1% lidocaine and normal current dose.Main Outcome Measure:Trigger-point pressure threshold assessed with an algometer.Results:ANOVA revealed a significant difference among treatments (F2,40= 7.38,P< .01). Post hoc comparisons revealed a significant difference in pressure threshold between the lidocaine treatment and the control (P= .01) and placebo (P= .001) treatments. Effect sizes of .28 and .39, respectively, were found for these comparisons.Conclusions:Although the data revealed significant differences between treatments, the small effect sizes and magnitude of the pressure-sensitivity deviation scores suggest that iontophoresis with 1% lidocaine is ineffective in treating trigger points.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Creativity, and the Effects of Methylphenidate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-819
Author(s):  
Jeanne B. Funk ◽  
John B. Chessare ◽  
Michael T. Weaver ◽  
Anita R. Exley
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant

Given that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more impulsive than peers, this study explored whether they are correspondingly more creative, and whether creativity declines when impulsivity is decreased through methylphenidate (Ritalin) therapy. A repeated-measures quasi-experimental design was used to compare the performance of 19 boys with previously diagnosed ADHD and 21 comparison boys aged 8 through 11 on two administrations of alternate forms of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (nonverbal). Boys with ADHD received prescribed methylphenidate only for the first session. Overall, mean Torrance summary scores for comparison boys (mean = 115.1, SD = 16.1) were higher than for boys with ADHD (mean = 107.6, SD = 12.7). However, the difference between means was small (7%) and did not meet the 25% criterion for a clinically significant difference. No changes in performance over time (comparison group) or medication state (ADHD group) were observed. These data suggest that, when measured nonverbally, the creative thinking performance of boys with ADHD is not superior to that of peers who do not have ADHD. Regarding the effects of methylphenidate, prescribed therapy did not influence performance on this measure of creative thinking.

The Effects of Superficial Heating before 1-MHz Ultrasound on Tissue Temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Holcomb ◽  
Chris Blank
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Temperature Elevation ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Independent Variable

Context:Ultrasound significantly raises tissue temperature, but the time of temperature elevation is short.Objective:To assess the effectiveness of superficial preheating on temperature elevation and decline when using ultrasound.Design:Within-subjects design to test the independent variable, treatment condition; repeated-measures ANOVAs to analyze the dependent variables, temperature elevation and decline.Setting:Athletic training laboratory.Intervention:Temperature at a depth of 3.75 cm was measured during ultrasound after superficial heating and with ultrasound alone.Subjects:10 healthy men.Main Outcome Measure:Temperature was recorded every 30 s during 15 min of ultrasound and for 15 min afterward.Results:Temperature elevation with ultrasound was significantly greater with preheating (4.0 ± 0.21 °C) than with ultrasound alone (3.0 ± 0.22 °C). Temperature decline was not significantly different between preheating and ultrasound alone.Conclusions:Superficial preheating significantly increases temperature elevation but has no effect on temperature decline during a 15-min cooling period.

scholarly journals The Use of Recast in Teaching of Grammar for High and Low Achievers (The Case of Spoken Use of English by the Tenth Graders of Nahdhatul Ulama Vocational High School of Ungaran

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Olyvia Revalita Candraloka
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
High Achievers ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Tenth Graders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clarification Request

The goals of this study were (1) to find out the effectiveness of recast in teachingof grammar for high achievers, (2) to find out the effectiveness of recast in teaching ofgrammar for low achievers, (3) to find out the effectiveness of clarification request inteaching of grammar for high achievers, (4) to find out the effectiveness of clarificationrequest in teaching of grammar for low achievers, (5) to find out the difference ofgrammar of high and low achievers taught using recast, (6) to find out the difference ofgrammar of high and low achievers taught using clarification request, and the last (7)to explain to what extent the interaction of teaching strategy (recast and clarificationrequest) and the influence of students’ achievements (high and low) to the students’grammar at the tenth grade of SMK NU Ungaran is. This research applies aquantitative method with a factorial design. The experiment class was treated by usingrecast, while the control class was treated by using clarification request. The studiedsubjects were 48 students of grade ten of Nahdhatul Ulama vocational high school ofUngaran which consists of 24 students of an experiment class and 24 students of acontrol class. The results of the research revealed (1) recast is effective to teachgrammar for high achievers,(2 recast is effective to teach grammar for low achievers,(3) clarification request is effective to teach grammar for high achievers,(4) clarificationrequest is not effective to teach grammar for low achievers, (5) there is no significantdifference between high and low achievers on grammar taught by using recast, (6)there is significant difference between high and low achievers on grammar taught byusing clarification request, (7) there is significant interaction of teaching strategy(recast and clarification request) and types of students of achievement (high and low) tothe students’ grammar at the tenth grade of Nahdhatul Ulama vocational high school ofUngaran.Keywords : Achievement, Grammar, Recast

PERBEDAAN TINGKAT AGRESIVITAS PADA SISWA SMU MUHI YOGYAKARTA BERDASAR POLA ASUH DAN JENIS PEKERJAAN ORANG TUA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanif Cahyo Adi Kistoro
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

This research aims at examining the difference of aggressiveness in students Senior High School of First Muhammedan (SMU MUHI) Yogyakarta from parent’s rearings and parent’s jobs. It based on phenomenons, such  increase of fights along students, behaviors of students less polite to teachers, and others, especially that occurs in Yogyakarta. It indicated of aggressive behaviour. It may be caused of not right of parent’s rearings, and parent’s rearings has correlation with parent’s jobs. From these phenomenons, reseacher want to investigated about difference of aggressiveness in students Senior High School of First Muhammedan from parent’s rearings (authoritarian, democratic, and permissive) and from parent’s jobs (entrepreneur, official civil servant/PNS, and military) point of view to aggressiveness. Two hypotheses tested are as follows: (a) that there is a difference of agressiveness in students Senior High School of First Muhammedan (SMU MUHI) have parents tendency to authoritatif, democratic, and permissive, and b) that there is a difference of agressiveness in students Senior High School of First Muhammedan (SMU MUHI) have parents as entrepreneur, official civil servant, and military. Subjects of the research include seventy six students of first class and sixty seven students of second class in Senior High School of First Muhammedan (SMU MUHI), Yogyakarta and their parents, totally is one hundred and sixty person. The two instruments administered in data gathering (quantitative data) include parent’s rearings scale for students’ parent (within there was a identity of parent’s job), agressiveness scale for students, and interview (qualitative data). Variance analysis 2-stripes (Anava 2-jalur) were applied to analyze the data. The outcome shows the following: (a) there is a significant difference of three parent’s rearings to bring about aggressiveness with F=366.479, standar error p=0.000, and difference average is: authoritarian=69.344; democratic=79.283; permissive=87.862. (b) there is not a significant difference of three parent’s jobs to bring about aggressiveness with F=0.054, standar error p=0.583, and difference  average is: entrepreneur=77.632; official civil servant=76.436; military=76.960. From the result of parent’s rearings appeared that permissive is the most influential from all (authoritarian and democratic) to bring about aggressiveness in students of Senior High School of First Muhhammedan, Yogyakarta, and parent’s rearings hasn’t influence to bring about children’s aggressiveness.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Social Network System Competencies of High School Students in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Network System ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

We investigated the Social Network System (SNS) competencies of high school students in Japan. Student groups (from cities or regional areas) and the opinions of their teachers were compared. Twenty-five UNESCO criteria in three competency categories were selected. By two-way analysis of variance and paired-comparisons, we detected a significant difference in the opinions of students and teachers. Although the magnitude of the difference was small, by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons, the city and regional groups also differed from each other. Performance criteria items of risk awareness were valued the highest and most important in all groups; whereas technical skills and socio-cultural skills were reported as less proficient and less important by all groups. Classification of SNS-type was used, and the data of SNS sites with which the students were familiar and the mean values of related performance criteria items were applied to view the situation of students. By this approach, we confirmed that students are savvy in navigating socializing SNSs. Based on our findings, we propose important learning and societal-public activities relevant to SNSs.

The Use of Imagery by Athletes during Injury Rehabilitation

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Sordoni ◽  
Craig Hall ◽  
Lorie Forwell
Keyword(s):  
Sport Medicine ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Athletic Injury ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
Medicine Clinic ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Injured Athletes

Objectives:To determine whether athletes use motivational and cognitive imagery during injury rehabilitation and to develop an instrument for measuring imagery use.Design:A survey concerning imagery use during rehabilitation was administered to injured athletes.Setting:The Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic in London, Ontario, Canada.Participants:Injured athletes (N = 71) receiving physiotherapy.Main Outcome Measure:The Athletic Injury Imagery Questionnaire (AIIQ).Results:As hypothesized, 2 distinct factors emerged from the items on the AIIQ: motivational and cognitive imagery. Motivational imagery was used more often than cognitive imagery in this context, yet less frequently than in other sport situations (eg, training and competition).Conclusions:The study indicates that the AIIQ is a potentially useful tool through which physiotherapists and sport psychologists can examine athletes' use of imagery in injury rehabilitation.

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