scholarly journals Assessment of Subacromial Space and Its Relationship With Scapular Upward Rotation in College Baseball Players

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen John Thomas ◽  
Charles Buz Swanik ◽  
Thomas W. Kaminski ◽  
Jill S. Higginson ◽  
Kathleen A. Swanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Subacromial Space ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Injured Population ◽  
College Baseball ◽  
Acromiohumeral Distance ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Subacromial impingement is a common injury in baseball players and has been linked to a reduction in the subacromial space. In addition, it has been suggested that decreases in scapular upward rotation will lead to decreases in the subacromial space and ultimately impingement syndrome.Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between acromiohumeral distance and scapular upward rotation in healthy college baseball players.Design:Posttest-only study design.Setting:Controlled laboratory setting.Participants:24 healthy college baseball players.Intervention:Participants were measured for all dependent variables at preseason.Main Outcome Measures:Acromiohumeral distance at rest and 90° of abduction was measured with a diagnostic ultrasound unit. Scapular upward rotation at rest and 90° of abduction was measured with a digital inclinometer.Results:Dominant-arm acromiohumeral distance at rest and 90° of abduction (P = .694, P = .840) was not significantly different than in the nondominant arm. In addition, there was not a significant correlation between acromiohumeral distance and scapular upward rotation at rest and 90° of abduction for either the dominant or the nondominant arm.Conclusions:These results indicate that the acromiohumeral distance is not adapting in the dominant arm in healthy throwing athletes. In addition, a relationship was not identified between acromiohumeral distance and scapular upward rotation, which was previously suggested. These results may suggest that changes that are typically seen in an injured population may be occurring due to the injury and are not preexisting. In addition, scapular upward rotation may not be the only contributing factor to acromiohumeral distance.

Change in Glenohumeral Rotation and Scapular Position After a Division I Collegiate Baseball Season

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen John Thomas ◽  
Charles B. Swanik ◽  
Kathleen Swanik ◽  
John D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Division I ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Anterior Instability ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Collegiate Baseball

Context:Pathologies such as anterior instability and impingement are common in baseball and have been linked to decreases in internal-rotation (IR) motion and concurrent increases in external-rotation (ER) motion. In addition, alterations to scapular upward rotation have been identified in this population.Objective:To measure glenohumeral (GH) IR and ER rotation, total range of motion (ROM), and scapular upward rotation throughout the course of a Division I collegiate baseball season.Design:Pretest to posttest study.Setting:Controlled laboratory setting.Participants:Thirty-one collegiate baseball players with no current shoulder or elbow injury completed this study.Intervention:Participants were measured for all dependent variables at preseason and postseason.Main Outcome Measures:GH IR and ER were measured supine with the scapula stabilized. Total GH ROM was calculated as the sum of IR and ER measures. Scapular upward rotation was tested at rest, 60°, 90°, and 120° of GH abduction in the scapular plane.Results:Overall, the dominant arm had significantly less GH IR and significantly more ER than the nondominant arm. The total motion on the dominant arm was significantly less than on the nondominant arm. No significant differences were observed from preseason to postseason for IR, ER, or total motion. Dominant-arm scapular upward rotation significantly decreased at 60°, 90°, and 120° of abduction from preseason to postseason.Conclusion:Collegiate baseball players presented with significant GH-motion differences (decreases in IR and increases in ER) in their dominant arm compared with their nondominant arm. There was also significantly less total motion on the dominant arm. After 12 wk of competitive Division I collegiate baseball, there were significant decreases in upward rotation over the season.

Change in Glenohumeral Rotation and Scapular Position After Competitive High School Baseball

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Thomas ◽  
Kathleen A. Swanik ◽  
Charles “Buz” Swanik ◽  
Kellie C. Huxel ◽  
John D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Anterior Instability ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Dependent Variables

Context:Pathologies such as anterior instability and impingement are common in baseball and have been linked to decreases in internal rotation (IR) and concurrent increases in external rotation (ER). In addition, alterations to scapular position have been identified in this population, but the chronology of these adaptations is uncertain.Objectives:To determine whether there is a change in range of motion and scapular position after a single baseball season.Design:Prospective cohort.Setting:High school.Participants:19 high school baseball players (age 16.6 ± 0.8 y, mass 78.6 ± 12.0 kg, height 180.3 ± 6.2 cm).Interventions:Subjects were measured for all dependent variables at preseason and postseason.Main Outcome Measures:Participants were measured for glenohumeral (GH) IR and ER with the scapula stabilized. Total GH range of motion was calculated as the sum of IR and ER. Scapular upward rotation was measured at 0°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of GH abduction in the scapular plane, and scapular protraction, at 0°, hands on hips, and 90° of GH abduction.Results:Overall, the dominant arm had significantly less GH IR (11.4°, P = .005) and significantly more ER (4.7°, P = .001) than the nondominant arm. Total motion in the dominant arm was significantly less than in the nondominant arm (6.7°, P = .001). Scapular upward rotation in the dominant arm significantly increased at 0° (2.4°, P = .002) and significantly decreased at 90° (3.2°, P = .001) and 120° (3.2°, P < .001) of abduction from preseason to postseason. Scapular protraction in the nondominant arm significantly decreased at 45° (0.32 cm, P = .017) and 90° (0.33 cm, P = .006) from preseason to postseason.Conclusion:These data suggest that scapular adaptations may be acquired over a relatively short period (12 wk) in a competitive baseball season. Competitive high school baseball players also presented with significant GH motion differences between their dominant and nondominant arms. Total motion was also significantly less in the dominant arm than in the nondominant arm.

The Relationship Between Power And Lean Body Mass To Sport-specific Skills Of College Baseball Players

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 307-308
Author(s):  
David J. Szymanski ◽  
Jessica M. Szymanski ◽  
Kelly A. Brooks ◽  
Michael T. Braswell ◽  
Andrew T. Britt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
College Baseball ◽  
The Relationship

A Kinematic Comparison of Spring-Loaded and Traditional Crutches

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Seeley ◽  
Iain Hunter ◽  
Thomas Bateman ◽  
Adam Roggia ◽  
Brad J. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elastic Potential ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Additional Peak ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Elastic Potential Energy ◽  
Independent Variable

Context:A novel spring-loaded-crutch design may provide patients additional forward velocity, relative to traditional axillary crutches; however, this idea has not yet been evaluated.Objective:To quantify elastic potential energy stored by spring-loaded crutches during crutch–ground contact and determine whether this energy increases forward velocity for patients during crutch ambulation. Because elastic potential energy is likely stored by the spring-loaded crutch during ambulation, the authors hypothesized that subjects would exhibit greater peak instantaneous forward velocity during crutch–ground contact and increased preferred ambulation speed during spring-loaded-crutch ambulation, relative to traditional-crutch ambulation.Design:Within-subject.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:10 healthy men and 10 healthy women.Interventions:The independent variable was crutch type: Subjects used spring-loaded and traditional axillary crutches to ambulate at standardized and preferred speeds.Main Outcome Measures:The primary dependent variables were peak instantaneous forward velocity and preferred ambulation speed; these variables were quantified using high-speed videography and an optoelectronic timing device, respectively. Between-crutches differences for the dependent variables were evaluated using paired t tests (α = .05). Elastic potential energy stored by the spring-loaded crutches during crutch–ground contact was also quantified via videography.Results:Peak forward velocity during crutch–ground contact was 5% greater (P < .001) for spring-loaded-crutch ambulation than for traditional-crutch ambulation. Preferred ambulation speed, however, did not significantly differ (P = .538) between crutch types. The spring-loaded crutches stored an average of 2.50 ± 1.96 J of elastic potential energy during crutch–ground contact.Conclusions:The spring-loaded crutches appear to have provided subjects with additional peak instantaneous forward velocity. This increased velocity, however, was relatively small and did not increase preferred ambulation speed.

Functional Isokinetic Strength Ratios in Baseball Players With Injured Elbows

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Chou Lin ◽  
Angela Thompson ◽  
Jung-Tang Kung ◽  
Liang-Wei Chieh ◽  
Shih-Wei Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Elbow Flexor ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Elbow Injuries ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Loss Of Strength ◽  
Injury Status

Context:Elbow injuries are widely reported among baseball players. The elbow is susceptible to injury when elbow-flexor and -extensor forces are imbalanced during pitching or throwing. Assessment of muscle-strength ratios may prove useful for diagnosing elbow injury.Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the elbow-flexor and -extensor functional isokinetic ratios and elbow injury in baseball players.Design:Retrospective study.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:College baseball players with (n = 9) and without (n = 12) self-reported elbow pain or loss of strength were recruited.Intervention and Main Outcome Measures:Trials were conducted using a dynamometer to assess dominant-arm flexor and extensor concentric and eccentric strength at angular velocities of 60° and 240°/s. Functional isokinetic ratios were calculated and compared between groups.Results:Regression analysis revealed that a ratio of biceps concentric to triceps concentric strength greater than 0.76 (the median value) significantly predicted elbow injury (P = .01, odds ratio of injury = 24). No other ratios or variables (including position played) were predictive of injury status.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the ratio of biceps concentric to triceps concentric functional strength strongly predicts elbow-injury status in baseball players. Assessment of this ratio may prove useful in a practical setting for training purposes and both injury diagnosis and rehabilitation.

Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Knee-Joint Reposition Sense and Functional Performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Drouin ◽  
Peggy A. Houglum ◽  
David H. Perrin ◽  
Bruce M. Gansneder
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Objective:To determine the relationship between weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) joint reposition sense (JRS) and a functional hop test (FH) and to compare performance on these parameters between athletes and nonathletes.Design:Repeated-measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:40 men (age = 20.8 ± 1.7 y; ht = 176.9 ± 5.8 cm; wt = 82.6 ± 9.5 kg): 20 lacrosse players and 20 nonathletes.Main Outcome Measures:Ability to actively reproduce 30° of knee flexion in the WB and NWB conditions and functional performance on a single-leg crossover-hop test.Results:No significant correlations were observed between JRS and FH in athletes and nonathletes. No significant differences were observed between athletes and nonathletes in JRS. All participants were significantly more accurate at WB than at NWB JRS.Conclusions:There appears to be no relationship between WB or NWB JRS and functional performance, regardless of one’s physical activity level

scholarly journals Effects of Repetitive Shoulder Activity on the Subacromial Space in Manual Wheelchair Users

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Sheng Lin ◽  
Michael Boninger ◽  
Lynn Worobey ◽  
Shawn Farrokhi ◽  
Alicia Koontz
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Function ◽  
Subacromial Space ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Manual Wheelchair ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acromiohumeral Distance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subject Characteristics

This study investigated (1) the effect of repetitive weight-relief raises (WR) and shoulder external rotation (ER) on the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) among manual wheelchair users (MWUs) and (2) the relationship between shoulder pain, subject characteristics, and AHD changes. Twenty-three MWUs underwent ultrasound imaging of the nondominant shoulder in an unloaded baseline position and while holding a WR position before and after the WR/ER tasks. Pairedt-tests and Spearman correlational analysis were used to assess differences in the AHD before and after each task and the relationships between pain, subject characteristics, and the AHD measures. A significant reduction in the subacromial space (P<0.01) occurred when subjects performed a WR position compared to baseline. Individuals with increased years of disability had greater AHD percentage narrowing after WR (P=0.008). Increased shoulder pain was associated with AHD percentage narrowing after ER (P≤0.007). The results support clinical practice guidelines that recommend MWUs limit WR to preserve shoulder function. The isolated repetitive shoulder activity did not contribute to the changes of subacromial space in MWUs. The ultrasonographic measurement of the AHD may be a target for identifying future interventions that prevent pain.

scholarly journals Hypermobility of ulnar nerve does not affect throwing performance (122)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0026
Author(s):  
Masahito Yoshida ◽  
Tetsuya Takenaga ◽  
Satoshi Takeuchi ◽  
Keishi Takaba ◽  
Atsushi Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Sonographic Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
College Baseball ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Ulnar nerve neuropathy around the elbow is a common pathology in throwing athletes, and occurs due to many factors including valgus elbow, and ulnar nerve hypermobility. For patients with ulnar nerve neuropathy, anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is common procedures. Meanwhile, Ulnar nerve hypermobility has been reported to be present in 2% to 47% of asymptomatic individuals. However, no studies have investigated the rate of ulnar nerve hypermobility in throwing athletes, and the relationship between ulnar nerve mobility, and clinical symptom and throwing performance. This study was designed to classify the sonographic assessment for the mobility of the ulnar nerve compared to physical evaluation, and to determine whether ulnar nerve hypermobility is associated with clinical symptoms and throwing performance in baseball players. We investigated ulnar nerve hypermobility using ultrasound to evaluate the relationship between the ulnar nerve hypermobility and clinical sign including throwing performance in college baseball players. Methods: 138 elbows in 69 college baseball players were examined. Each participant was queried regarding symptoms attributable to the ulnar nerve. In addition, structural measurements consisting of the tinel test and elbow flexion compression testing were examined. Sonographic examiners were, unaware of reported symptoms, independently performed a standardized examination of both elbows to assess ulnar nerve hypermobility. For sonographic assessment, the ultrasound probe was located at the medial condyle of the humerus to visualize the ulnar nerve in short-axis view in the extended elbow position. During extension to flexion of the elbow, the mobility of ulnar nerves was assessed, and categorized as stable, or hypermobile, which was further subclassified as subluxation, or dislocation (Figure 1A, 1B, 1C). Pared t-test was used to compare the mobility of the ulnar nerve between throwing and non-throwing sides. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the relationship between physical exams and the mobility of the ulnar nerve. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Ulnar nerve hypermobility was identified in 54 (78.3%) of the 69 elbows in throwing side. Meanwhile, hypermobility was 53 (76.8%) in non-throwing side without significant difference, compared to non-throwing side. Elbows with nerve hypermobility did not experience a higher prevalence of subjective symptoms (snapping, pain, and tingling) than did elbows with stable nerves. Provocative physical examination testing for ulnar nerve irritability, however, showed consistent trends toward heightened irritability in hypermobile nerves (p = 0.04 to 0.16). Demographic data and anatomic measurements were similar between the subjects with stable nerves and those with hypermobile nerves. Additionally, all participants did not show decrease of throwing performance. Conclusions: Ulnar nerve hypermobility occurs in over half of the baseball players in throwing and non-throwing sides. Utilizing a standardized sonographic examination, a diagnosis of ulnar nerve hypermobility can be established with substantial interobserver reliability. In baseball players, ulnar nerve hypermobility does not appear to be associated with an increased symptomatology attributable to the ulnar nerve and throwing performance. Anterior transplantation of ulnar nerve may not be needed for baseball players with ulnar nerve neuropathy.

Anterior Shoulder Laxity Is Not Correlated with Medial Elbow Laxity in High School Baseball Players

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Friscia ◽  
Robert R. Hammill ◽  
Brian A. McGuire ◽  
Jay N. Hertel ◽  
Christopher D. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Shoulder Laxity ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Uninjured baseball players have been shown to have increased anterior glenohumeral joint laxity, which may result in adaptive changes at the medial elbow.Objective:To determine the relationship between anterior shoulder laxity and medial elbow laxity in both arms of baseball and nonbaseball high school athletes and compare the laxity of dominant and nondominant shoulders and elbows of high school baseball and nonbaseball players.Design:Cohort design.Setting:Local high schools.Participants:Thirty healthy high school male athletes.Outcome Measures:Anterior shoulder and medial elbow laxity measurements were taken bilaterally with the Ligmaster™.Results:Dominant and nondominant shoulder laxity was significantly greater in the nonbaseball players than the baseball players. No other significant relationships existed.Conclusions:High school baseball players exhibit less anterior shoulder laxity than do nonbaseball players. No relationship exists between anterior shoulder and medial elbow laxity in high school baseball players.

Authoritative Maternal Parenting Associates With the Explicit Need for Autonomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Maternal Parenting ◽  
Retrospective Design ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Paternal Parenting ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Previous research suggests that parenting style influences the development of the needs for achievement, power, and affiliation. The present study investigated the relationship between parenting style and another important motive disposition – the need for autonomy – in a sample of Singapore university students ( N = 97, 69% female), using a cross-sectional and retrospective design. It was predicted that an authoritative perceived parenting style would relate positively to the implicit need for autonomy ( nAut), the explicit need for autonomy ( sanAut), and the congruence between these two motive dispositions. Authoritative maternal parenting was found to positively associate with sanAut, while maternal parenting was not found to associate with nAut, or with nAut/ sanAut congruence. Paternal parenting was not associated with any of the dependent variables.

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