Assessment of Energy Expenditure During Discrete Skill Performance Using Systematic Observation and Indirect Calorimetry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Sacko ◽  
Cate A. Egan ◽  
Jenna Fisher ◽  
Chelsee Shortt ◽  
Kerry McIver
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Skill Performance

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of three systematic observation (SO) tools to estimate energy expenditure (EE) using different skill performance and observation intervals. Method: Three SO tools (Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children-Preschool, System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time, and System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth) were used to observe children (N = 42, Mage = 8.1 ± 0.7) during motor skill testing sessions. EE was measured using indirect calorimetry (COSMED K4b2). Results: Paired samples t tests, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and regression analyses were performed to compare the EE estimated from SO tools with EE measured by indirect calorimetry. The average mean difference between the estimated metabolic equivalence of task (METS) and actual METS ranged between −1.24 METS (SD = 1.62, p < .01) and −3.46 METS (SD = 1.31, p < .01) depending on skill performance interval or SO tool analyzed. Conclusions: SO tools did not accurately estimate EE during object control skill testing sessions. Physical educators should consider utilizing discrete motor skill practice to accumulate health-enhancing levels of physical activity while adhering to national standards.

Energy Expenditure in Playground Games in Primary School Children Measured by Accelerometer and Heart Rate Monitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cañete García-Prieto ◽  
Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Mairena Sánchez-López ◽  
Natalia Arias-Palencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
School Children ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors

The aim of this study was to examine the energy expenditure (EE) measured using indirect calorimetry (IC) during playground games and to assess the validity of heart rate (HR) and accelerometry counts as indirect indicators of EE in children´s physical activity games. 32 primary school children (9.9 ± 0.6 years old, 19.8 ± 4.9 kg · m-2 BMI and 37.6 ± 7.2 ml · kg-1 · min-1 VO2max). Indirect calorimetry (IC), accelerometry and HR data were simultaneously collected for each child during a 90 min session of 30 playground games. Thirty-eight sessions were recorded in 32 different children. Each game was recorded at least in three occasions in other three children. The intersubject coefficient of variation within a game was 27% for IC, 37% for accelerometry and 13% for HR. The overall mean EE in the games was 4.2 ± 1.4 kcals · min-1 per game, totaling to 375 ± 122 kcals/per 90 min/session. The correlation coefficient between indirect calorimetry and accelerometer counts was 0.48 (p = .026) for endurance games and 0.21 (p = .574) for strength games. The correlation coefficient between indirect calorimetry and HR was 0.71 (p = .032) for endurance games and 0.48 (p = .026) for strength games. Our data indicate that both accelerometer and HR monitors are useful devices for estimating EE during endurance games, but only HR monitors estimates are accurate for endurance games.

Introduction of adult cats to indirect calorimetry respiration chambers causes increased energy expenditure and respiratory quotient that decrease following acclimation

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kylie Hogan ◽  
Nicholas Genova ◽  
James R. Templeman ◽  
Adronie Verbrugghe ◽  
Anna K. Shoveller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Space Restriction

Abstract OBJECTIVE To replicate a previously defined behavioral procedure to acclimate adult cats to temporary restriction in indirect calorimetry chambers and measure energy expenditure and respiratory quotient changes during acclimation. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult cats (4 spayed females, and 4 neutered males; mean ± SEM age, 2.5 ± 1.5 years; mean body weight, 4.8 ± 1.8 kg). PROCEDURES Cats underwent a 13-week incremental acclimation procedure whereby cats were acclimated to the chambers in their home environment (weeks 1 to 3), to the study room (weeks 4 to 6), and to increasing lengths of restriction within their home environment (weeks 7 to 8) and the chambers (weeks 9 to 13). Cat stress score, respiratory rate, fearfulness (assessed with a novel object test), energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient were measured. Data were analyzed by use of a repeated-measures mixed model. RESULTS Stress, based on cat stress scores, fearfulness, and respiration, peaked at weeks 4, 9, and 10 but returned to baseline levels by week 11. Energy expenditure and respiratory quotient peaked at weeks 10 and 11, respectively, but were reduced significantly by weeks 11 and 13, respectively. All cats returned to baseline by the end of the study and were deemed fully acclimated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Changes in perceived stress level, energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient at various stages of the acclimation procedure suggest that stress should be considered a significant variable in energy balance measurements when indirect calorimetry is used in cats. An incremental acclimation procedure should therefore be used to prepare cats for the temporary space restriction necessary for indirect calorimetry studies.

Stride Rate and Walking Intensity in Healthy Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Peacock ◽  
Allan Hewitt ◽  
David A. Rowe ◽  
Rona Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Stride Rate

Purpose:The study investigated (a) walking intensity (stride rate and energy expenditure) under three speed instructions; (b) associations between stride rate, age, height, and walking intensity; and (c) synchronization between stride rate and music tempo during overground walking in a population of healthy older adults.Methods:Twenty-nine participants completed 3 treadmill-walking trials and 3 overground-walking trials at 3 self-selected speeds. Treadmill VO2 was measured using indirect calorimetry. Stride rate and music tempo were recorded during overground-walking trials.Results:Mean stride rate exceeded minimum thresholds for moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) under slow (111.41 ± 11.93), medium (118.17 ± 11.43), and fast (123.79 ± 11.61) instructions. A multilevel model showed that stride rate, age, and height have a significant effect (p < .01) on walking intensity.Conclusions:Healthy older adults achieve MVPA with stride rates that fall below published minima for MVPA. Stride rate, age, and height are significant predictors of energy expenditure in this population. Music can be a useful way to guide walking cadence.

scholarly journals The Energy Expenditure of Free-Living Physical Activities in Primary Schoolchildren

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. S57-S61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Innerd ◽  
Liane B. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Background:The aim of this study is to establish the energy expenditure (EE) of a range of child-relevant activities and to compare different methods of estimating activity MET.Methods:27 children (17 boys) aged 9 to 11 years participated. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 routines of 6 activities ranging from sedentary to vigorous intensity. Indirect calorimetry was used to estimate resting and physical activity EE. Activity metabolic equivalent (MET) was determined using individual resting metabolic rate (RMR), the Harrell-MET and the Schofield equation.Results:Activity EE ranges from 123.7± 35.7 J/min/Kg (playing cards) to 823.1 ± 177.8 J/min/kg (basketball). Individual RMR, the Harrell-MET and the Schofield equation MET prediction were relatively similar at light and moderate but not at vigorous intensity. Schofield equation provided a better comparison with the Compendium of Energy Expenditure for Youth.Conclusion:This information might be advantageous to support the development of a new Compendium of Energy Expenditure for Youth.

Teaching across the Curriculum: Language-Enriched Physical Education for Preschool Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona J. Connor-Kuntz ◽  
Gail M. Dummer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Instructional Time ◽  
Skill Performance

Children age 4 to 6 years from special education (n = 26), Head Start (n = 35), and typical preschool classes (n = 11) were assigned to a physical activity intervention or a language-enriched physical activity intervention. Language and motor skill performances were measured before, immediately following, and 3 months following the 24-session, 8-week intervention. Results illustrated that language instruction can be added to physical education lessons without requiring additional instructional time and, more importantly, without compromising improvement in motor skill performance. Further, preschool children exposed to language-enriched physical education improved their language skills regardless of whether their educational progress was characterized by a cognitive and/or language delay. Thus, physical activity appears to be an effective environment in which to enhance the cognitive development of preschool children of all abilities.

scholarly journals Activity Energy Expenditure in Youth: Sex, Age, and Body Size Patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. S62-S70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Min Lee ◽  
Pedro F. Saint-Maurice ◽  
Youngwon Kim ◽  
Glenn A. Gaesser ◽  
Gregory Welk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Activity Energy

Background:The assessment of physical activity (PA) and energy expenditure (EE) in youth is complicated by inherent variability in growth and maturation during childhood and adolescence. This study provides descriptive summaries of the EE of a diverse range of activities in children ages 7 to 13.Methods:A sample of 105 7- to 13-year-old children (boys: 57%, girls: 43%, and Age: 9.9 ± 1.9) performed a series of 12 activities from a pool of 24 activities while being monitored with an indirect calorimetry system.Results:Across physical activities, averages of VO2 ml·kg·min-1, VO2 L·min-1, EE, and METs ranged from 3.3 to 53.7 ml·kg·min-1, from 0.15 to 3.2 L·min-1, from 0.7 to 15.9 kcal·min-1, 1.5 MET to 7.8 MET, respectively.Conclusions:The energy costs of the activities varied by age, sex, and BMI status reinforcing the need to consider adjustments when examining the relative intensity of PA in youth.

Systematic Observation of Physical Activity in Afterschool Programs: Preliminary Findings From Movin’ Afterschool Intervention

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 974-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael William Beets ◽  
Jennifer Huberty ◽  
Aaron Beighle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Afterschool Programs ◽  
Organized Activities ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Policy Level ◽  
State Organizations

Background:National and state organizations have called upon afterschool programs (3–6 PM, ASP) to promote physical activity (PA). Few strategies exist that ASPs can use to increase the PA of children enrolled. This study evaluated a policy-level intervention (Movin’ Afterschool, MAS) designed to increase PA through staff implemented policy-level changes and ongoing technical support.Methods:Twelve preexisting community-based ASPs serving 580 children (5–12 yrs, 57% girls) were invited to take part in MAS. Evaluation of children’s PA, staff behaviors (engaged or promote PA, other ASP tasks, general supervising), and environmental features (equipment, organized PA) at baseline (Fall 2010) and postassessment (Spring 2011) were collected using SOPLAY (System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth) for boys and girls, separately. Random effects models evaluated changes in PA categories (sedentary, walking, vigorous).Results:The percentage of boys and girls sedentary decreased by 11.8% and 11.4%, respectively. Girls walking increased by 6.9% while boys vigorous PA increased by 6.5%. Greater increases in vigorous activity were observed as postassessment in organized activities for boys and during indoor activities for girls.Conclusions:Findings indicate a policy-level approach targeting staff training and ongoing technical support can produce notable increases in PA within the ASP setting.

scholarly journals Potential contribution of leisure activity to the energy expenditure patterns of sedentary populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. E. Livingstone ◽  
J. J. Strain ◽  
A. M. Prentice ◽  
W. A. Coward ◽  
G. B. Nevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) by the doubly-labelled (2H218O) water method and basal metabolic rate (BMR) by indirect calorimetry were measured in thirty-two healthy free-living adults in Northern Ireland. Habitual physical activity patterns in occupational and discretionary activities were assessed by interview questionnaire. Expressed as a multiple of BMR the TEE values for the sixteen males (1.88 (sd 0.28), range 1.44–2.57) and sixteen females (1.77 (sd 0.16), range 1.50–2.06) were compatible with current Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS; 1979) and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU; 1985) estimates of energy requirements. The results suggest that discretionary physical activity is now emerging as an equally important determinant of energy expenditure in the UK as the occupational classifications currently used as the basis of DHSS (1979) and FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) recommendations for energy requirements. Therefore, realistically achievable inputs of recreational exercise can have a significant impact in counteracting low levels of energy expenditure which are associated with modern lifestyles and are implicated as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and obesity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Indirect Calorimetry- and Accelerometry-Based Energy Expenditure During Children‘s Discrete Skill Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Sacko ◽  
Kerry McIver ◽  
Keith Brazendale ◽  
Craig Pfeifer ◽  
Ali Brian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Skill Performance

scholarly journals Targeted Neuromodulation of Abnormal Interhemispheric Connectivity to Promote Neural Plasticity and Recovery of Arm Function after Stroke: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial Study Protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Borich ◽  
Steven L. Wolf ◽  
Andrew Q. Tan ◽  
Jacqueline A. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Interhemispheric Connectivity ◽  
Skill Performance

Background. Despite intensive rehabilitation efforts, most stroke survivors have persistent functional disability of the paretic arm and hand. These motor impairments may be due in part to maladaptive changes in structural and functional connections between brain regions. The following early stage clinical trial study protocol describes a noninvasive brain stimulation approach to target transcallosally mediated interhemispheric connections between the ipsi- and contralesional motor cortices (iM1 and cM1) using corticocortical paired associative stimulation (ihPAS). This clinical trial aims to characterize ihPAS-induced modulation of interhemispheric connectivity and the effect on motor skill performance and learning in chronic stroke survivors. Methods/Design. A repeated-measures, cross-over design study will recruit 20 individuals post-stroke with chronic mild–moderate paretic arm impairment. Each participant will complete an active ihPAS and control ihPAS session. Assessments of cortical excitability and motor skill performance will be conducted prior to and at four time points following the ihPAS intervention. The primary outcome measures will be: TMS-evoked interhemispheric motor connectivity, corticomotor excitability, and response time on a modified serial reaction time task. Discussion/Conclusion. The findings from this single-site early stage clinical trial will provide foundational results to inform the design of larger-scale, multisite clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ihPAS-based neuromodulation for upper limb recovery after stroke. This trial is registered with NCT02465034.

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