Physical Activity May Improve Aging Through Impacts on Telomere Biology

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
Telomere Biology

Physical activity has long been touted as a means of reducing susceptibility to age-related disease and multiple studies have shown reduced mortality rates in individuals with a lifestyle including regular exercise. A variety of mechanisms for how physical activity reduces age-related diseases have been explored and multiple, redundant explanatory mechanisms are likely to emerge. Evidence has emerged that physical activity may impact directly on telomere biology, one of the primary theories of cellular aging. Telomeres are located at the ends of chromosomes and as cells divide, incomplete DNA replication results in telomere shortening; once shortening reaches a critical threshold, cell senescence results. Investigators hypothesize that part of the favorable influence of physical activity on mortality rates and age-related disease occurs through a direct impact on telomere biology, including delaying rates of telomere shortening. The present review examines key recent findings in this area and explores some of the unanswered questions and future directions for the field.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Telomere Biology: Exploring the Link with Aging-Related Disease Prevention

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Ludlow ◽  
Stephen M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Telomere Biology

Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of several age-related diseases as well as with increased longevity in both rodents and humans. Though these associations are well established, evidence of the molecular and cellular factors associated with reduced disease risk and increased longevity resulting from physical activity is sparse. A long-standing hypothesis of aging is the telomere hypothesis: as a cell divides, telomeres shorten resulting eventually in replicative senescence and an aged phenotype. Several reports have recently associated telomeres and telomere-related proteins to diseases associated with physical inactivity and aging including cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Interestingly several reports have also shown that longer telomeres are associated with higher physical activity levels, indicating a potential mechanistic link between physical activity, reduced age-related disease risk, and longevity. The primary purpose of this review is to discuss the potential importance of physical activity in telomere biology in the context of inactivity- and age-related diseases. A secondary purpose is to explore potential mechanisms and important avenues for future research in the field of telomeres and diseases associated with physical inactivity and aging.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS HEALTHY INTERVENTION AGAINST SEVERE OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ELDERLY POPULATION

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
C. TOMAS-ZAPICO ◽  
E. IGLESIAS-GUTIERREZ ◽  
B. FERNANDEZ-GARCIA ◽  
D. DE GONZALO-CALVO
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Relevant Risk Factor

Severe oxidative stress is a relevant risk factor for major deleterious health-related events in olderpeople and is thought to be an important contributor to age-related disease. Literature has suggested oxidativestress as a therapeutic target for mitigating the biological decline and attenuating the occurrence of adverseclinical events in aged individuals. However, definitive treatments are not known. Regular and moderate physicalactivity has been proposed as possible intervention for slowing age-related decline. This healthy strategy presentsa wide range of beneficial aspects for elderly, from the reduction of morbidity, disability, frailty and mortalityrates to treatment of many age-related disorders. Importantly, the global benefits on health are not shared by anyother strategies. Nevertheless, the physiological basis by which exercise produces its benefits to the organism isnot fully understood. This review summarizes the evidence for the role of physical activity as potential healthyintervention for mitigating the negative aspects of aging through the modulation of the oxidative mechanisms.

Contributions of Telomere Biology to Human Age-Related Disease

2016 ◽  
pp. 205-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Lin B. Yang ◽  
Shufei Song ◽  
F. Brad Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Related Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Telomere Biology

scholarly journals Telomere in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Nurrani Mustika Dewi ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Telomere Biology ◽  
Multiple Chronic Diseases ◽  
Huge Challenge ◽  
Telomere Erosion

BACKGROUND: The number of elderly population in the world keep increasing. In their advanced ages, many elderly face years of disability because of multiple chronic diseases, frailty, making them lost their independence. Consequently, this could have impacts on social and economic stability. A huge challenge has been sent for biomedical researchers to compress or at least eliminate this period of disability and increase the health span.CONTENT: Over the past decades, many studies of telomere biology have demonstrated that telomeres and telomere-associated proteins are implicated in human diseases. Accelerated telomere erosion was clearly correlated with a pack of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Critically short telomeres or the unprotected end, are likely to form telomeric fusion, generating genomic instability, the cornerstone for carcinogenesis. Enlightening how telomeres involved in the mechanisms underlying the diseases’ pathogenesis was expected to uncover new molecular targets for any important diagnosis or therapeutic implications.SUMMARY: Telomere shortening was foreseen as an imporant mechanism to supress tumor by limiting cellular proliferative capacity by regulating senescence check point activation. Many human diseases and carcinogenesis are causally related to defective telomeres, asserting the importance of telomeres sustainment. Thus, telomere length assessment might serve as an important tool for clinical prognostic, diagnostic, monitoring and management.KEYWORDS: telomerase, cellular senescence, aging, cancer

The role of telomeres and vitamin D in cellular aging and age-related diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Pusceddu ◽  
Christopher-John L. Farrell ◽  
Angela Maria Di Pierro ◽  
Erika Jani ◽  
Wolfgang Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Telomere Biology

AbstractAging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive decline of organ functions leading to an increased risk of age-associated diseases and death. Decades of intensive research have identified a range of molecular and biochemical pathways contributing to aging. However, many aspects regarding the regulation and interplay of these pathways are insufficiently understood. Telomere dysfunction and genomic instability appear to be of critical importance for aging at a cellular level. For example, age-related diseases and premature aging syndromes are frequently associated with telomere shortening. Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that together with the associated sheltrin complex protect the ends of chromosomes and maintain genomic stability. Recent studies suggest that micronutrients, such as vitamin D, folate and vitamin B12, are involved in telomere biology and cellular aging. In particular, vitamin D is important for a range of vital cellular processes including cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. As a result of the multiple functions of vitamin D it has been speculated that vitamin D might play a role in telomere biology and genomic stability. Here we review existing knowledge about the link between telomere biology and cellular aging with a focus on the role of vitamin D. We searched the literature up to November 2014 for human studies, animal models and in vitro experiments that addressed this topic.

scholarly journals Telomere uncapping and vascular aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. H1-H5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Garrett Morgan ◽  
Anthony J. Donato ◽  
Ashley E. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Damage Response ◽  
Telomere Biology

Although most telomere biology research continues to focus on telomere shortening, there is increasing evidence that telomere deprotection, or “uncapping,” is more biologically and possibly clinically important. Telomeres form t-loops to prevent the chromosome ends from appearing as a double-stranded DNA break and initiating a DNA damage response. Breakdown of the t-loop structure, referred to as uncapping, can lead to cellular senescence, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation in tissues. In this review, we describe how telomere uncapping potentially leads to age-related vascular dysfunction and increased cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Importantly, we present evidence to argue that telomere uncapping is more biologically relevant than telomere shortening and a better marker of vascular aging and target for antiaging interventions.

scholarly journals Telomere Biology and Human Phenotype

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Turner ◽  
Vimal Vasu ◽  
Darren Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Human Phenotype ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Telomere Homeostasis ◽  
Telomere Biology ◽  
And Function

Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures that cap the end of each chromosome arm and function to maintain genome stability. The length of telomeres is known to shorten with each cell division and it is well-established that telomere attrition is related to replicative capacity in vitro. Moreover, telomere loss is also correlated with the process of aging in vivo. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that lead to telomere shortening and summarise telomere homeostasis in humans throughout a lifetime. In addition, we discuss the available evidence that shows that telomere shortening is related to human aging and the onset of age-related disease.

The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Telomere/Telomerase: a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Zarei ◽  
M. Zarezadeh ◽  
F. Hamedi Kalajahi ◽  
M.H. Javanbakht
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Age Related ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Telomere Biology ◽  
The Relationship

Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that together with the associated sheltrin complex protect the ends of chromosomes and maintain genomic stability. Evidences from various organisms suggests that several factors influence telomere length regulation, such as telomere binding proteins, telomere capping proteins, telomerase, and DNA replication enzymes. Recent studies suggest that micronutrients, such as vitamin D, folate and vitamin B12, are involved in telomere biology and cellular aging. In particular, vitamin D is important for a range of vital cellular processes including cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. As a result of the multiple functions of vitamin D it has been speculated that vitamin D might play a role in telomere biology and genomic stability. In this study, our main goal is investigating the relationship between telomerase enzyme and vitamin D. Findings of this study suggest that higher vitamin D concentrations, which are easily modifiable through nutritional supplementation, are associated with longer LTL, which underscores the potentially beneficial effects of this hormone on aging and age-related diseases. Vitamin D may reduce telomere shortening through anti-inflammatory and anti-cell proliferation mechanisms. Significant Low levels of telomerase activity create short telomeres, which in turn signal exit from the cell cycle resulting in cell senescence and apoptosis. In follow-up examination, the patients who remained vitamin D deficient tended to have shorter telomeres than those patients whose 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were depleted. Increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with SLE may be beneficial in maintaining telomere length and preventing cellular aging. Moreover, anti-telomere antibody levels may be a promising biomarker of SLE status and disease activity.

scholarly journals Telomere Dysfunction and Aging: Insights From Pulmonary Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 750-750
Author(s):  
Chad Newton
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Telomere Dysfunction ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Telomere Biology ◽  
Cellular Replication ◽  
Common Manifestation

Abstract Telomeres are specialized genomic elements located at the ends of chromosomes that protect protein-encoding DNA from progressive loss during cellular replication. Telomeres shorten with age; therefore, telomere dysfunction is of particular relevance for understanding age-related disease mechanisms. Telomere disorders produce multisystem degenerative organ dysfunction that largely resembles aging phenotypes, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF), emphysema, cirrhosis, bone marry dysfunction, immunosenescence, and premature hair graying. The degree of telomere shortening influences age of disease onset, involved organs, and disease severity. Notably, the most common manifestation of telomere biology disorders is PF. Subsequently, PF is a model for translating telomere biology into clinical practice. I will discuss the genetics of telomere dysfunction and the clinical manifestations that overlap with age-related phenotypes, focusing on PF. Next, I will discuss how short leukocyte telomere length is an informative prognostic, and potentially theragnostic, biomarker in patients with a range of PF subtypes.

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