The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Telomere/Telomerase: a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Zarei ◽  
M. Zarezadeh ◽  
F. Hamedi Kalajahi ◽  
M.H. Javanbakht
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Age Related ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Telomere Biology ◽  
The Relationship

Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that together with the associated sheltrin complex protect the ends of chromosomes and maintain genomic stability. Evidences from various organisms suggests that several factors influence telomere length regulation, such as telomere binding proteins, telomere capping proteins, telomerase, and DNA replication enzymes. Recent studies suggest that micronutrients, such as vitamin D, folate and vitamin B12, are involved in telomere biology and cellular aging. In particular, vitamin D is important for a range of vital cellular processes including cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. As a result of the multiple functions of vitamin D it has been speculated that vitamin D might play a role in telomere biology and genomic stability. In this study, our main goal is investigating the relationship between telomerase enzyme and vitamin D. Findings of this study suggest that higher vitamin D concentrations, which are easily modifiable through nutritional supplementation, are associated with longer LTL, which underscores the potentially beneficial effects of this hormone on aging and age-related diseases. Vitamin D may reduce telomere shortening through anti-inflammatory and anti-cell proliferation mechanisms. Significant Low levels of telomerase activity create short telomeres, which in turn signal exit from the cell cycle resulting in cell senescence and apoptosis. In follow-up examination, the patients who remained vitamin D deficient tended to have shorter telomeres than those patients whose 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were depleted. Increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with SLE may be beneficial in maintaining telomere length and preventing cellular aging. Moreover, anti-telomere antibody levels may be a promising biomarker of SLE status and disease activity.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Versus Parathyroid Hormone Relationship Suggest a Different Reason Why Older Adults Require More Vitamin D

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Vieth ◽  
Yasmin Ladak ◽  
Paul G. Walfish
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Age Related ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Relationship

Vitamin D requirements are thought to vary with age, but there is little comparative evidence for this. One goal in establishing a vitamin D requirement is to avoid secondary hyperparathyroidism. We studied 1741 euthyroid, thyroid clinic outpatients without evidence of calcium abnormalities, ranging in age from 19 to 97 yr, whose serum and urine had been analyzed for calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid status. We found no effect of age on the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration associated with specific vitamin D intakes, and there was no relationship between 25(OH)D and 1,25hydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. In every age group, serum 1,25(OH)2D declined with increasing creatinine (P < 0.001). What changed with age included creatinine, which correlated with 25(OH)D (r = 0.146, P < 0.001) only in the youngest age group (19–50 yr) but not in the older age groups (P > 0.1). Creatinine did not correlate with PTH in the youngest age group, but the relationship became significant as age increased (e.g. for the elderly, r = 0.365, P < 0.001). Linear regression of log PTH vs. log 25(OH)D agreed with the natural shape of the relationship observed with scatterplot smoothing, and this showed no plateau in PTH as 25(OH)D increased. We compared PTH concentrations among age groups, based on 20 nmol/liter increments in 25(OH)D. Mean PTH in adults older than 70 yr was consistently higher than in adults younger than 50 yr (P < 0.05 by ANOVA and Dunnett’s t test). PTH levels of the elderly who had 25(OH)D concentrations greater than 100 nmol/liter matched PTH of younger adults having 25(OH)D concentrations near 70 nmol/liter. This study shows that all age groups exhibit a high prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Older adults are just as efficient in maintaining 25(OH)D, but they need more vitamin D to produce the higher 25(OH)D concentrations required to overcome the hyperparathyroidism associated with their diminishing renal function.

The role of telomeres and vitamin D in cellular aging and age-related diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Pusceddu ◽  
Christopher-John L. Farrell ◽  
Angela Maria Di Pierro ◽  
Erika Jani ◽  
Wolfgang Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Telomere Biology

AbstractAging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive decline of organ functions leading to an increased risk of age-associated diseases and death. Decades of intensive research have identified a range of molecular and biochemical pathways contributing to aging. However, many aspects regarding the regulation and interplay of these pathways are insufficiently understood. Telomere dysfunction and genomic instability appear to be of critical importance for aging at a cellular level. For example, age-related diseases and premature aging syndromes are frequently associated with telomere shortening. Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that together with the associated sheltrin complex protect the ends of chromosomes and maintain genomic stability. Recent studies suggest that micronutrients, such as vitamin D, folate and vitamin B12, are involved in telomere biology and cellular aging. In particular, vitamin D is important for a range of vital cellular processes including cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. As a result of the multiple functions of vitamin D it has been speculated that vitamin D might play a role in telomere biology and genomic stability. Here we review existing knowledge about the link between telomere biology and cellular aging with a focus on the role of vitamin D. We searched the literature up to November 2014 for human studies, animal models and in vitro experiments that addressed this topic.

scholarly journals Telomere biology and metabolic disorders: the role of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Dudinskaya ◽  
Olga N. Tkacheva ◽  
Natalia V. Brailova ◽  
Irina D. Strazhesko ◽  
Marina V. Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Telomere Biology

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance accelerates the aging process, but its speed depends on the individual characteristics of the metabolism. One of the reasons for the different aging rates in individuals with insulin resistance is the initially different “genetic protection” of cells, which many scientists associate with replicative cellular aging.AIMS: to study the relationship between the state of carbohydrate metabolism and markers of replicative cell aging in individuals with different sensitivity to insulin.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The observation study included 305 patients. The parameters of glucose metabolism and telomere biology were studied.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 51.5±13.3 years. Patients were divided into three groups depending on presence of insulin resistance: healthy, with insulin resistance and with type 2 diabetes. The mean age of healthy patients was 48.82±13.87 years, in insulin resistance group — 53.04±12.8, in 2 diabetes mellitus — 58.4±7.90. The median telomere length was 9.76. The median telomerase activity was 0.48. Both telomere length and telomerase activity progressively decrease as insulin resistance increases. In patients with diabetes, short telomere lengths and low telomerase activity predominated. The insulin resistance index has the greatest impact on the risk of detecting “short” telomeres. In patients with insulin resistance, an increase in glycated hemoglobin increases the likelihood of detecting short telomeres by 2.4 times, and in diabetes mellitus by 4.26 times, an increase in fasting plasma glucose by 90%, and an increase in HOMA-IR by 35%. An increase in insulin resistance increases the risk of detecting «low» telomerase activity by 53% and the risk of detecting «very low» telomerase activity by 92%. A decrease in synsulin resistance increases the chance of increasing telomerase activity to «very high» by 51%.CONCLUSION: Shorter telomeres are associated with more pronounced disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and a higher degree of insulin resistance. Further studies of metabolic status are necessary to personalize their lifestyle and treatment goals.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Level of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Iranian Population

2019 ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh-Sadat Hosseini ◽  
Fereshteh Salarvand ◽  
Amir Houshang Ehsani ◽  
Pedram Noormohammadpour ◽  
Shadi Azizzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between vitamin D and skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is not well defined. Objective: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and the incidence of skin SCC for the first time in Iran. Methods and Study Design: In this case-control study, 126 subjects were enrolled (63 in each group) out of referents to Razi Skin Hospital in Tehran in 2014. The risk factors for cancer gathered by self-reported questionnaires and blood samples were obtained to measure the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Multivariate logistic regression was used to neutralize the effect of confounding factors. Results: Cases of SCC were more likely to be in men, older than 49 years and working in an outdoor environment, and with longtime exposure to sunlight and a personal history of skin cancers. Family history of skin cancer and of cigarette smoking were not significantly related to SCC. In the SCC and control groups, 69.8% and 31.7%, respectively, had sufficient levels of vitamin D (P < 0.001). Mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 40.99 ng/mL in the SCC group and 26.34 ng/mL in the control group (P < 0.05). In the unadjusted model, the level of vitamin D as a continuous variable was positively related to SCC risk. In the adjusted model, vitamin D did not independently predict the likelihood of SCC. Conclusion: Vitamin D level and SCC risk are directly related, although not in an independent fashion. Indeed, this relation is severely confounded by exposure to sunlight, which was evidenced by an increased vitamin D level in the people working outside and the higher prevalence of SCC in the same population.

Role of vitamin D and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in the development of early- and late-onset preeclampsia

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira Álvarez-Fernández ◽  
Belén Prieto ◽  
Verónica Rodríguez ◽  
Yolanda Ruano ◽  
Ana I. Escudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plgf Ratio

AbstractThe imbalanced production of placental biomarkers and vitamin D deficiency have been proposed as risk factors for the development of preeclampsia (PE). However, little is known about the relationship between them and their role in early- versus late-onset PE. The objectives were to assess the role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) to placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio in the development of early- and late-onset PE; and to evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and the biomarkers.A retrospective, full-blinded cohort study was conducted at the Obstetric Emergency Service of a tertiary care hospital. Pregnant women (n=257) attending obstetric triage with suspicion of PE were included. sFlt-1, PlGF and 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by electrochemoluminescence (ECLIA) immunoassay and pregnancy outcome (development of PE) was registered from patients records.PE women showed lower 25(OH)D concentrations at clinical presentation than non-PE women (median: 35.0 nmol/L and 39.6 nmol/L, respectively; p=0.027). Women with 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L experienced an increased risk of developing late-onset PE [odds ratio (OR) 4.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–15], but no association was found for early-onset PE. However, a sFlt-1/PlGF ratio above the corresponding cutpoints increased the risk of developing both early- and late-onset PE [ORs 58 (95% CI 11–312) and 12 (95% CI 5.0–27), respectively]. No association was found between 25(OH)D levels and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio.Low vitamin D status in women with suspected late-onset PE increases the risk of imminent development of the disease.

scholarly journals Very high rates of vitamin D insufficiency in women of child-bearing age living in Beijing and Hong Kong

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1330-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Woo ◽  
Christopher W. K. Lam ◽  
Jason Leung ◽  
Winny Y. Lau ◽  
Edith Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The North ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Relationship

We aimed to describe the vitamin D status of young women living in two Chinese cities in the spring – Beijing in the north (latitude 39° north) and Hong Kong (latitude 22° north) in the south. We also examined the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations to determine a threshold for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D above which there is no further suppression of PTH. Finally, we examined whether dietary Ca intake influences this relationship. Non-pregnant women aged 18–40 years (n 441) were recruited between February and June. Fasting blood was collected and dietary intakes were assessed using 5 d food records. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was lower in Beijing than Hong Kong women (29 v. 34 nmol/l; P < 0·001). Vitamin D deficiency ( ≤  25 nmol/l) was indicated in 40 % of Beijing and 18 % of Hong Kong women, and over 90 % of women in both cities were insufficient ( ≤ 50 nmol/l). Mean Ca and vitamin D intakes were 478 mg/d and 2·0 μg/d, respectively. The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and PTH was linear throughout the range with a slope of − 0·36 (different from 0; P < 0·001; R 0·26), with no apparent threshold. There was no influence of Ca intake on the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentration. Vitamin D deficiency is common and insufficiency is very common in non-pregnant women in Hong Kong and Beijing during spring. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with PTH with no apparent threshold. Strategies such as vitamin D fortification or supplementation may be required.

scholarly journals Associations of Sun Exposure with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in a Cohort of Hypertensive Patients: The Graz Endocrine Causes of Hypertension (GECOH) Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pilz ◽  
Katharina Kienreich ◽  
Daniel Stückler ◽  
Andreas Meinitzer ◽  
Andreas Tomaschitz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Sunlight-induced vitamin D, synthesis in the skin is the major source of vitamin D, but data on the relationship of sun-related behaviour with vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels are relatively sparse. We evaluated whether habitual sun exposure is associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and PTH levels and whether there exist seasonal variations. We examined 111 hypertensive patients in Austria (latitude 47° N). Frequent sunbathing at home and outdoor sports were associated with higher 25(OH)D levels (P<0.05for both). Red or blond scalp hair as a child, memory of sunburns, preferring sunbathing, frequent stays on the beach or in open-air pools, and solarium use were associated with lower PTH levels (P<0.05for all). Multiple linear regression analyses including age, sex, and body mass index showed that sun exposure score was significantly associated with 25(OH)D (betacoefficient=0.27;P=0.004) and by trend with PTH (betacoefficient=−0.16;P=0.09). These associations were more prominent in summer in which 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher compared to winter. Translation of these findings into recommendations for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency remains a challenge for the future.

Vitamin D and Calcitonin Treatment in Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Harju ◽  
R. Punnonen ◽  
R. Tuimala ◽  
J. Salmi ◽  
I. Paronen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Calcitonin ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

The effects on general and bone metabolism of femoral neck fracture patients of 0.25 μg α-calcoid given orally twice daily ( n=9) and 25 μg calcitonin given subcutaneously 30 times ( n=10) in 10 weeks were studied against a control ( n=ll). Bone histology and histomorphometry showed non-age related osteoporosis in 30% and osteomalacia in 22% of the patients studied. Impaired serum vitamin D status was found in 47 – 88% of patients, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased serum parathyroid hormone in 59% and decreased serum calcitonin levels in 69%. On histology, normal findings and non-age related osteoporosis on histology were associated with low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3,1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Very high serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 occurred in fracture patients with osteomalacia. Calcitonin improved calcium balance, reduced osteoporosis and increased the serum 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels but had no effect on osteomalacia. Vitamin D reduced osteomalacia, slightly increased the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration and decreased serum levels of parathyroid hormone. Both treatments gave a similar slight decrease in serum calcitonin concentrations. A mechanism of action for the treatments is suggested.

scholarly journals The Relationship of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Plasma Levels with Breast Cancer Stadium Assessed from Menopause Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Ika Waraztuty ◽  
Astrid Siska Pratiwi ◽  
Melya Susanti ◽  
Ira Astuti ◽  
Zakirullah
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The Relationship

Breast cancer is a type of cancer with high incidence and mortality especially in developing countries. Vitamin D regulates the expression a number of genes involved in the development of cancer cells. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) plasma level with breast cancer stage based on menopausal status. This is an observational research method with cross sectional design. Research subjects were 53 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and had not received chemotherapy. Menopausal status and stage data were obtained from interviews and medical record data. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma were measured (ELISA) method. The results obtained Stage II, III and IV each have an average level of vitamin D of 28,56 ng/ml (95% CI; 23,61 – 33,52 ng/ml),  28,18 ng/ml (95% CI: 24,49 – 31,87 ng/ml) and  27,86 ng/ml  (95% CI: 22,68 – 33,04 ng/ml).The average plasma concentration of 25 (OH) D in pre-menopausal patients is 28,54 ng/ml and average plasma 25 (OH) D levels in post-menopausal patients is 27,79 ng/ml. There was no significant relationship between plasma levels of 25 (OH) D and breast cancer stage in both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal patients.

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