Effect of Acute Static Stretching Duration on Isokinetic Peak Torque in Pubescent Soccer Players

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Zakas ◽  
George Doganis ◽  
Christos Galazoulas ◽  
Efstratios Vamvakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Leg Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Although athletes routinely perform warm-up and stretching exercises, it has been suggested that prolonged stretching immediately before an activity might negatively affect the force production. Sixteen male pubescent soccer players participated in the study to examine whether a routine duration of acute static stretching is responsible for losses in isokinetic peak torque production. All participants performed two static stretching protocols in nonconsecutive training sessions. The first stretching protocol was performed three times for 15 s (volume 45) and the second 20 times for 15 s (volume 300). Range of motion (ROM) was determined during knee flexion with the use of a goniometer. The peak torque of the dominant leg extensors was measured on a Cybex NORM dynamometer at various angular velocities. The statistical analysis showed that peak torque did not change following the static stretching for 45 s in all angular velocities, while it decreased (p < .001) in all angular velocities following the static stretching for 5 min. The findings suggest that strength decreases after static stretching exercises may be the result of the performed stretching duration.

Acute Effects of Foam Rolling, Static Stretching, and Dynamic Stretching During Warm-ups on Muscular Flexibility and Strength in Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan Su ◽  
Nai-Jen Chang ◽  
Wen-Lan Wu ◽  
Lan-Yuen Guo ◽  
I-Hua Chu
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Foam Rolling

Context:Foam rolling has been proposed to improve muscle function, performance, and joint range of motion (ROM). However, whether a foam rolling protocol can be adopted as a warm-up to improve flexibility and muscle strength is unclear.Objectives:To examine and compare the acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching used as part of a warm-up on flexibility and muscle strength of knee flexion and extension.Design:Crossover study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:15 male and 15 female college students (age 21.43 ± 1.48 y, weight 65.13 ± 12.29 kg, height 166.90 ± 6.99 cm).Main Outcome Measures:Isokinetic peak torque was measured during knee extension and flexion at an angular velocity of 60°/second. Flexibility of the quadriceps was assessed by the modified Thomas test, while flexibility of the hamstrings was assessed using the sit-and-reach test. The 3 interventions were performed by all participants in random order on 3 days separated by 48–72 hours.Results:The flexibility test scores improved significantly more after foam rolling as compared with static and dynamic stretching. With regard to muscle strength, only knee extension peak torque (pre vs. postintervention) improved significantly after the dynamic stretching and foam rolling, but not after static stretching. Knee flexion peak torque remained unchanged.Conclusions:Foam rolling is more effective than static and dynamic stretching in acutely increasing flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings without hampering muscle strength, and may be recommended as part of a warm-up in healthy young adults.

Acute effects of static stretching duration on isokinetic peak torque production of soccer players

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Zakas ◽  
George Doganis ◽  
Vasilios Papakonstandinou ◽  
Thomas Sentelidis ◽  
Eustratios Vamvakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

scholarly journals A Survey on Stretching Practices in Women and Men from Various Sports or Physical Activity Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3928
Author(s):  
Nicolas Babault ◽  
Gaelyann Rodot ◽  
Marrain Champelovier ◽  
Carole Cometti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Exercise Routine ◽  
General Practices ◽  
Physical Activity Programs ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Recommendations for prescribing stretching exercises are regularly updated. It appears that coaches progressively follow the published guidelines, but the real stretching practices of athletes are unknown. The present study aimed to investigate stretching practices in individuals from various sports or physical activity programs. A survey was completed online to determine some general aspects of stretching practices. The survey consisted of 32 multiple-choice or open-ended questions to illustrate the general practices of stretching, experiences and reasons for stretching. In total, 3546 questionnaires were analyzed (47.3% women and 52.7% men). Respondents practiced at the national/international level (25.2%), regional level (29.8%), or recreationally (44.9%). Most respondents (89.3%) used stretching for recovery (74.9%) or gains of flexibility (57.2%). Stretching was generally performed after training (72.4%). The respondents also indicated they performed stretching as a pre-exercise routine (for warm-up: 49.9%). Static stretching was primarily used (88.2%) but when applied for warm-up reasons, respondents mostly indicated performing dynamic stretching (86.2%). Only 37.1% of the respondents indicated being supervised. Finally, some gender and practice level differences were noticed. The present survey revealed that the stretching practices were only partly in agreement with recent evidence-based recommendations. The present survey also pointed out the need to improve the supervision of stretching exercises.

scholarly journals ISOKINETIC PROFILES AND REFERENCE VALUES OF PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-615
Author(s):  
Guillermo Charneco Salguero ◽  
Francisco García-Muro San José ◽  
Arturo Pérez Gosalvez ◽  
Jose Miguel Cárdenas Rebollo ◽  
Isabel Brígido Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Average Work ◽  
Torque Values

ABSTRACT Introduction: Isokinetics is a tool commonly used in professional soccer. There is ongoing debate among researchers as to the isokinetic reference values a player should have. Objectives: To determine the absolute peak torque (PT) and average work of professional soccer players in relation to their positions on the field, and to establish the reference values for these variables. Methods: Purposeful sampling was used to select 289 professional soccer players. The sample included 32 goalkeepers, 100 defenders, 98 midfielders, and 59 strikers. The participants were measured preseason. The players were asked to perform a 10-minute warm-up on an exercise bike, and then to perform 5 repetitions at low speed, 10 at medium speed, and 25 at high speed, with 30 to 40-s of rest between each set of repetitions. The contraction method was concentric-concentric in a dynamometer Isomed 2000. Results: The average age, weight, and height of the players was 21.9 years, 74.3 kilograms, and 1.8 meters, respectively. The goalkeepers presented higher PT at the 3 measured speeds, and the higher average work at 180°/s and 240°/s in relation to defenders and midfielders. The strikers presented higher average work at 240°/s in relation to midfielders, and higher PT in relation to the defenders and midfielders. Absolute values were shown and reference values were established. Conclusions: The goalkeepers and strikers were the players that showed the greatest differences in their favor in relation to the other positions. The peak torque values and average work were described in relation to the player's position on the field. This study resulted in the creation of a tool for health professionals working with professional soccer players, providing reference values for these players in relation to their position on the field that can be used as benchmarks, by health professionals, to optimize soccer players’ performance. Level of evidence II, Prospective comparative study.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Tennis Serve Targeting Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Bulent Turna ◽  
Asuman Sahan ◽  
Bahar Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Homogeneous Data ◽  
Stretching Exercises

The study investigates the acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on the tennis serve targeting performance of amateur tennis players. Twenty male athletes who were between the ages of 16-24 years and played tennis for at least 1 year (21.40±2.16 years, 181±0.06 cm, 71.85±7.42 kg, tennis playing time 1.55±0.88 years) voluntarily participated in the study.Prior to the pre-tests and after applying the traditional warm-up protocol, serve targeting test (STT) was applied to all participants. In the post-tests, STT was used after applying three different warm-up methods on three different days (48-hour rest interval). The warm-up stages included No Treatment (NT) (jogging, rally), Static Stretching (SS) and Dynamic Stretching (DS).In the statistical analysis, the homogeneity of the data was investigated using the Shapiro Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the non-homogeneous data; Friedman test was used to compare the three different stretching methods with each other; in the paired comparisons of the groups, the paired samples t-test was used for the homogenous data and Wilcoxon test was used for the non-homogeneous data. In conclusion, stretching exercises before serving increased the serve targeting performance and the increase in the dynamic stretching exercises was higher than that in static stretching exercises.

scholarly journals An Acute Bout of Static Stretching Does Not Affect Maximal Eccentric Isokinetic Peak Torque, the Joint Angle at Peak Torque, Mean Power, Electromyography, or Mechanomyography

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel T. Cramer ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Glen O. Johnson ◽  
Joseph P. Weir ◽  
Travis W. Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Angle ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi ◽  
Vasilios Gerodimos ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Stretching Effect ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

Time of day effect on isokinetic peak torque during knee flexion and extension

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel H.W. Bowdle ◽  
Barbara L. Warren ◽  
Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

scholarly journals Acute Effects Of Different Stretching Durations on Vertical Jump Performance in Rhythmic Gymnasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (82) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuriye Özengin ◽  
Necmiye Ün Yıldırım ◽  
Gül Baltacı ◽  
Nerijus Masiulis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Research background. Stretching is believed to enhance performance, reduce injury, and be an effective means of developing flexibility and alleviating muscular soreness (Shellock, Prentice, 1985; Brandy et al., 1997). A review of the current literature shows that the results of many studies conflict with others; some report that static stretching diminishes vertical jum (VJ) performance (Cornwell et al., 2001; McNeal, Sands, 2003; Wallmann et al., 2005), whereas others report that static stretching has no effect at all on VJ (Church et al., 2001; Power et al., 2004; Unick et al., 2005). Research aim, was to examine the effects of different durations of stretching on performance and to find the stretching durations that affect the performance negatively or positively. Research methods. The subjects of the study were 27 rhythmic gymnasts with the mean age of 10.00 ± 1.2 years. The subjects as a whole group participated in two different stretching programs on nonconsecutive days to eliminate the effect of individual differences on the performance. On the first day, athletes were asked to warm up by 5 minute jogging after the pretest was administered. The posttest measured the vertical jump performance after athletes stayed inactive for 20 minutes. They rested for a day and on the third day, their performance was measured again. After the 5 minute warm-up period, 10 repetitions of 15 seconds static stretching exercises for hip flexor, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscle groups were followed by the posttest. Moreover, on the fifth day 30-second exercises were repeated five times on the same type of muscles. The participants in this investigation were tested in individual vertical jump performances following warm-up only, warm-up plus 15 seconds static stretching, and warm-up plus 30 seconds. Research results. Results of a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a nonsignificant difference for vertical jump performance (F = 2.052; p > 0.05). Discussion and conclusions. Stretching exercises are referred in rhythmic gymnastics more intensively than other sports. Relevant literature displays fewer stretching repetitions and durations. These durations and repetitions may not be realistic and practical for rhythmic gymnasts. Therefore, the durations and repetitions utilized in this study are considered more appropriate for rhythmic gymnastics trainings. Rhythmic gymnasts may make use of duration and repetitions determined in this study that will not affect their performance.Keywords: anaerobic power, gymnastics, exercise.

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