Bone Properties in Overweight Pre- and Early-Pubertal Boys

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bareket Falk ◽  
Sarah Braid ◽  
Michael Moore ◽  
Deborah O’Leary ◽  
Phil Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Pubertal Boys

The objective of this study was to assess bone strength using quantitative ultrasound (QUS, Sunlight Omnisense) in pre- and early-pubertal normal weight (NW, % body fat ≤20, n = 28), and overweight (OW, % body fat ≥25, n = 15) boys. Groups were similar in chronological and skeletal age, sexual maturity, sports participation, and calcium intake. Leisure-time physical activity was lower in OW boys. Radial speed of sound (SOS) was similar in the two groups. Tibial SOS, however, was significantly lower in OW compared with NW (3,554 ± 109 vs. 3,646 ± 71 m·s−1, respectively). Among pre- and early-pubertal boys, higher adiposity appears to be associated with lower bone SOS in the lower extremities.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Offspring Size at 18 to 24 Months

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Mattran ◽  
Lanay M. Mudd ◽  
Rebecca A. Rudey ◽  
Jeannette S.C. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Z Scores

Background:Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during pregnancy has maternal benefits, but effects on offspring have not often been considered. This study aimed to determine associations among trimester-specific LTPA during pregnancy and toddler size.Methods:Women (n = 300) were recruited while pregnant in 2006. At follow-up (2008), women reported demographics; recalled type, duration, and frequency of trimester-specific LTPA (MET·min/wk); and rated their toddler’s current LTPA level (more, same, or less than others their age). A subset (n = 23) volunteered to have maternal and toddler height, weight, and body fat measured. Maternal body mass index (BMI) and toddler weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) were calculated.Results:Median toddler WHZ was 0.6 (range −0.5 to 2.9). In Spearman correlations, third trimester LTPA was marginally associated with lower toddler weight (rs = −0.39, P = .06) and WHZ (rs = −0.40, P = .06), but no other measures of maternal LTPA and toddler body size were related. Birth weight z-score was positively associated with toddler weight (rs = 0.51, P = .01) but negatively associated with percent body fat (rs= −0.46, P = .03). Measures of maternal size were unassociated with toddler size.Conclusions:These results provide preliminary support for LTPA during late pregnancy to have a lasting effect on offspring size.

Effects of 32-Year Leisure Time Physical Activity Discordance in Twin Pairs on Health (TWINACTIVE Study): Aims, Design and Results for Physical Fitness

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuija Leskinen ◽  
Katja Waller ◽  
Sara Mutikainen ◽  
Sari Aaltonen ◽  
Paula H. A. Ronkainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe physically active lifestyle is associated with low future morbidity and mortality, but the causality between physical activity and health is not always clear. As some inherited biological characteristics and childhood experiences may cause selection bias in observational studies, we sought to take them into account by identifying 16 twin pairs (7 MZ, 9 DZ, mean age 60 years) discordant for leisure time physical activity habits for thirty years. We conducted detailed health-related examinations among these twin pairs. Our main aims were to study the effects of physical activity and genes on fitness and body composition, with special reference to body fat compartments, metabolic syndrome components and related diseases and risk factor levels, status of arteries, structure and function of the heart, bone properties, and muscle and fat tissue-related mechanisms linked to physical activity and chronic disease development. Our physical activity assessments showed that inactive co-twins were on average 8.8 MET hours/day less active than their active co-twins through out their midlife (2.2 ± 2.3 vs. 11.0 ± 4.1 MET h/day, p < .001). Follow-up fitness tests showed that physically inactive co-twins were less fit than their active co-twins (estimated VO2peak 26.4 ± 4.9 vs. 32.5 ± 5.5 ml/kg/min, p < .001). Similar differences were found in both MZ and DZ pairs. On the basis of earlier epidemiological observations on nonrelated individuals, these physical activity and fitness differences are large enough to cause differences in many mechanisms and risk factors related to the development of chronic diseases and to permit future analyses.

Relation of Body Mass Index and Body Fat Mass for Spanish University Students, Taking into Account Leisure-Time Physical Activity

2009 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Isabel Castillo ◽  
Carlos Pablos ◽  
Ana Queralt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relation of Body Mass Index with body fat mass while taking into account the amount of leisure-time physical activity for 299 male university students. Body fat mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. An estimation of energy expenditure in leisure-time physical activity in metabolic equivalents (METs) was obtained so participants were divided into six activity groups by percentile: no physical activity by the first group and participants physically active were divided into five groups by percentiles: <25%, 26–50%, 51–75%, 76–90%, and 91–100%. Correlations of Body Mass Index with body fat mass were strong in different groups—values ranged from .76 to .85, except for the >90% group.

Physical Activity Among Preadolescents Modifies the Long-Term Association Between Sedentary Time Spent Using Digital Media and the Increased Risk of Being Overweight

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elina Engberg ◽  
Marja H. Leppänen ◽  
Catharina Sarkkola ◽  
Heli Viljakainen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: This study aimed to examine whether sedentary digital media use in preadolescence increases the risk of being overweight 3 years later, and whether this association differs based on preadolescents’ leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) levels. Methods: The authors conducted a 3-year follow-up study among 4661 participants with a mean (SD) age of 11 (1) years at baseline and 14 (1) years at follow-up. A web-based questionnaire assessed sedentary digital media use and LTPA. The authors categorized baseline LTPA duration into 3 levels: 0 to 5 (low), 6 to 8 (moderate), and ≥9 (high) hours per week. In addition, the authors categorized adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese at follow-up. Results: Greater amounts of sedentary digital media use at baseline associated with an increased risk of being overweight 3 years later even after adjusting for confounders. This only held for preadolescents with low baseline LTPA (OR = 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.24), but not among those with moderate (OR = 1.02; 0.91–1.15) or high (OR = 0.96; 0.85–1.08) LTPA. Conclusions: Preadolescent LTPA modified the long-term association between sedentary digital media use and being overweight; specifically, 6 hours per week or more of LTPA mitigated the increased risk of being overweight associated with higher amounts of digital media use.

Correlates of Leisure Time Physical Inactivity in a Scandinavian Population: A Basis for Interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1236-1242
Author(s):  
Stephanie E. Bonn ◽  
Lars Alfredsson ◽  
Saedis Saevarsdottir ◽  
Maria E.C. Schelin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Physically Inactive

Background:Effective interventions are needed to increase physical activity in the general population. To target interventions, we need knowledge of insufficiently active groups in society. This study aims to identify demographic and health-related correlates of leisure-time physical inactivity in a general Scandinavian population.Methods:Study participants comprised 5734 control subjects, age 18 to 70 years, from 2 ongoing Swedish case-control studies. Participants self-reported their leisure-time physical activity level. The odds of being physically inactive were calculated using logistic regression.Results:A total of 42% of participants were classified as physically inactive during leisure time. A lower prevalence of inactivity was associated with middle age, higher education, having previous experience of sports participation, following a low glycemic index/Mediterranean diet and having a light physical workload. A high prevalence of inactivity was associated with greater age, high body mass index, smoking, never drinking alcohol, having children, having a weak social network or lower levels of emotional support, and a low vegetable intake.Conclusions:Several factors were associated with leisure-time physical inactivity. Directing interventions to target groups defined by specific factors associated with physical inactivity could be an efficient way to increase activity and improve health in the general population.

scholarly journals Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity is Effective in Boosting Neurotrophic Factors and Alleviating Menopause Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8624
Author(s):  
Boram Kim ◽  
Sunghwun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: The study investigated the effects of regular leisure-time physical activity on the parameters of cognitive function (plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and cathepsin B) and menopausal symptoms (the climacterium, depression, and cognitive impairment) in obese middle-aged women. Methods: All subjects were middle-aged and obese women (n = 52, % body fat > 30%). The participants were divided into premenopausal (PRM) (n = 18, age = 47.56 ± 6.11 years) and postmenopausal (POM) (n = 34, age = 57.79 ± 5.68 years) groups. The participants completed a survey questionnaire related to depression and the climacterium, as well as cognitive tests. Physical activity was performed for 12 weeks. Blood samples from the forearm vein were analyzed after 12 h of fasting. Blood levels of BDNF, NGF, and cathepsin B were analyzed using an R&D kit. Results: Regular leisure-time physical activity had a positive effect on reducing the percentage of body fat in premenopausal and postmenopausal obese women. In addition, the results of the questionnaire showed that regular exercise had a positive effect on body composition caused by lifestyle change and enhanced psychological stability. The BDNF concentration was significantly lower in postmenopausal than in premenopausal obese women. In addition, regular physical activity significantly increased the cathepsin B and NGF levels in postmenopausal obese women. Conclusions: Continuous leisure-time physical activity improved body composition and neurotrophic factors and alleviated menopausal symptoms in obese Korean women.

Correlates of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Differ by Body-Mass-Index Status in Brazilian Adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Curi Hallal ◽  
Felipe Fossati Reichert ◽  
Fernando Vinholes Siqueira ◽  
Samuel Carvalho Dumith ◽  
Juliano Peixoto Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives:The objective of this study was to evaluate physical activity (PA) levels in adults and their association with sex, age, and education level across categories of body mass index (BMI).Methods:We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study including 3100 individuals age ≥20 years living in Pelotas, Brazil. PA was assessed using the leisure-time section of the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. “No PA” was defined as zero minutes of activity/week; “insuffcient PA” was defined as <150 minutes of activity/week; “high PA” was defined as ≥500 minutes of activity/week. BMI was categorized into normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (≥30 kg/m2).Results:The prevalence of insufficient PA was 71.6% among normal BMI subjects, 71.3% among overweight individuals, and 73.7% among obese ones (P = .67). No PA and high PA were also not associated with BMI. The associations between sex, age, and education level and PA levels tended to be stronger among normal-weight individuals compared with overweight and obese individuals. Among the obese, most associations were not significant. Among normal-weight individuals, higher PA levels were observed in men, young adults, and those with higher education.Conclusions:Variables associated with leisure-time PA differed between normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals. Studies on PA correlates might benefit from stratifying by BMI.

Bone Speed of Sound and Physical Activity Levels of Overweight and Normal-Weight Girls and Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Yao ◽  
Izabella Ludwa ◽  
Lauren Corbett ◽  
Panagiota Klentrou ◽  
Peter Bonsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Bone Speed Of Sound ◽  
Lower Physical Activity

Bone properties, reflected by speed of sound (SOS), and physical activity levels were examined in overweight (OW) girls (n = 19) and adolescents (n = 22), in comparison with normal-weight (NW) girls (n = 21) and adolescents (n = 13). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was higher in NW than in OW in both age groups. Tibial SOS was lower in OW compared with NW in both age groups. MVPA correlated with tibial SOS, once age was partialed out. The results suggest that overweight girls and adolescents are characterized by low tibial SOS, which may be partially attributed to lower physical activity levels.

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