scholarly journals Moving Forward With Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity: Two Strategies to Ensure Meaningful, Interpretable, and Comparable Measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex V. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

Significant advances have been made in the measurement of physical activity in youth over the past decade. Monitors and protocols promote very high compliance, both night and day, and raw measures are available rather than “black box” counts. Consequently, many surveys and studies worldwide now assess children’s physical behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) objectively 24 hours a day, 7 days a week using accelerometers. The availability of raw acceleration data in many of these studies is both an opportunity and a challenge. The richness of the data lends itself to the continued development of innovative metrics, whereas the removal of proprietary outcomes offers considerable potential for comparability between data sets and harmonizing data. Using comparable physical activity outcomes could lead to improved precision and generalizability of recommendations for children’s present and future health. The author will discuss 2 strategies that he believes may help ensure comparability between studies and maximize the potential for data harmonization, thereby helping to capitalize on the growing body of accelerometer data describing children’s physical behaviors.

scholarly journals Strategic management: A perspective on the development of the field of strategic management and the contribution of the Irish Journal of Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Patrick Gibbons ◽  
Sharkey Scott ◽  
Cormac Mac Fhionnlaoich
Keyword(s):  
Irish Journal ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Management Journal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Discipline ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
Made In

Abstract This paper analyses the progress made in the field of strategic management over the past three decades. One approach to analysing a discipline’s trajectory is to explore its exemplary research. We review the papers awarded the Dan and Mary Lou Schendel, Strategic Management Society (SMS) Best Paper Award of the Strategic Management Journal (SMJ) since 1993, to demonstrate the emergence of strategic management as a specific discipline with a distinct view of how firms generate competitive advantage. Our paper interprets the development of the discipline from its market-based and structural roots to attempts to decipher the ‘black box’ of the organisation in analysing capabilities, particularly dynamic capabilities, and resources. Our study shows how the conceptual breakthroughs of the exemplary papers are further developed by the field through theory testing and extension using increasingly sophisticated methodologies published by journals such as Irish Journal Of Management (IJM). Our review of both journals highlights that despite increasing market, social and cultural instability since these seminal papers were first conceived, their lessons are still relevant and increasingly critical to both theory and practice in establishing the future trajectory for strategic management and a framework for organisations to compete.

Long Term Unemployment: The Case for Policy Reform

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

Long term unemployment is now Australia's most difficult and costly labour market problem. This paper argues the case for a different policy reorientation to what has been followed in the past. The first conclusion is that in the absence of a substantial reorientation of policy long term unemployment will remain very high, with the absolute number staying above the level inherited from the 1982/83 recession — which was until the current recession the highest in Australian history. Second, the equity and macroefficiency costs of not doing anything radically different are argued to be very high. A final part of the analysis considers the fundamental challenge of the Job Compact policy suggestion made in the Government's Green Paper on unemployment. However, the way in which the policy is to be instituted needs attention. It is likely that the use of the current JOBSTART wage subsidy scheme will not be enough to achieve the desired outcomes.

scholarly journals An Improved Wavelet Correction for Zero Shifted Accelerometer Data

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Independent Measurement ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Corrected Data ◽  
Made In

Accelerometer data from shock measurements often contains a spurious DC drifting phenomenon known as zero shifting. This erroneous signal can be caused by a variety of sources. The most conservative approach when dealing with such data is to discard it and collect a different set with steps taken to prevent the zero shifting. This approach is rarely practical, however. The test article may have been destroyed or it may be impossible or prohibitively costly to recreate the test. A method has been proposed by which wavelets may be used to correct the acceleration data. By comparing the corrected accelerometer data to an independent measurement of the acceleration from a laser vibrometer this paper shows that the corrected data, in the cases presented, accurately represents the shock. A method is presented by which the analyst may accurately choose the wavelet correction parameters. The comparisons are made in the time and frequency domains, as well as with the shock response spectrum.

scholarly journals Image Colorization Progress: A Review of Deep Learning Techniques for Automation of Colorization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2908-2915
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Image Colorization ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Made In

Image colorization is the process of taking an input gray- scale (black and white) image and then producing an output colorized image that represents the semantic color tones of the input. Since the past few years, the process of automatic image colorization has been of significant interest and a lot of progress has been made in the field by various researchers. Image colorization finds its application in many domains including medical imaging, restoration of historical documents, etc. There have been different approaches to solve this problem using Convolutional Neural Networks as well as Generative Adversarial Networks. These colorization networks are not only based on different architectures but also are tested on varied data sets. This paper aims to cover some of these proposed approaches through different techniques. The results between the generative models and traditional deep neural networks are compared along with presenting the current limitations in those. The paper proposes a summarized view of past and current advances in the field of image colorization contributed by different authors and researchers.

scholarly journals TREND ANALYSIS OF LAND UTILIZATION IN BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Shohel Rana ◽  
Omar Faruk ◽  
Najma Begum ◽  
Mimma Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Very High ◽  
A Current ◽  
Made In

Due to alterations in physiographic and social-economic conditions, climatic changes, adaptation and population growth, the land utilization of Bangladesh is changing very rapidly. Small farms and landless household constitute about 80% of total area households, the majority of whom depend on agriculture for their livelihood. It is obvious that total agriculture land over the periods in the past has not increased although population has increased significantly [12]. Bangladesh is a small country but it bears a huge population, resulting in a very high density of population and very high intensity of land and resource use. Based on secondary data of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, an attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate the changes in land use pattern during the period of 1990 to 2015. Absolute utilization of land for different purposes during this period as well as trend values and growth rates were estimated. Trend analysis and exponential growth rate showed that forest area significantly increased by 35.93% and 0.3% per annum and land not available for cultivation is significantly decreased by 4.49% and 0.04%per annum respectively. Result also show that cultivate waste is significantly decreased at the rate of 1.1% per annum. On the other hand, a current fallow is decreased by 0.2% per annum. The trend values was found statistically significant for land use in forest and cultivate waste.

Consistency in single-case ABAB phase designs: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Tanious ◽  
Tamal Kumar De ◽  
Bart Michiels ◽  
Wim Van Den Noortgate ◽  
Patrick Onghena
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right ◽  
Very High

The current paper presents a systematic review of consistency in single-case ABAB phase designs. We applied the CONsistency of DAta Patterns (CONDAP) measure to a sample of 460 data sets retrieved from 119 applied studies published over the past 50 years. The main purpose was to (1) identify typical CONDAP values found in published ABAB designs and (2) develop interpretational guidelines for CONDAP to be used for future studies to assess the consistency of data patterns from similar phases. The overall distribution of CONDAP values is right-skewed with several extreme values to the right of the center of the distribution. The B-phase CONDAP values fall within a narrower range than the A-phase CONDAP values. Based on the cumulative distribution of CONDAP values we offer the following interpretational guidelines in terms of consistency: very high, 0 ≤ CONDAP ≤ 0.5; high, 0.5 < CONDAP ≤ 1; medium, 1 < CONDAP < 1.5; low, 1.5 < CONDAP ≤ 2; very low, CONDAP > 2. We give examples of combining CONDAP benchmarks with visual analysis of single-case ABAB phase designs and conclude that the majority of data patterns (41.2%) in published ABAB phase designs is medium consistent.

scholarly journals Hyperloop Academic Research: A Systematic Review and a Taxonomy of Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5951
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Gkoumas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

Hyperloop is a proposed very high-speed ground transportation system for both passenger and freight that has the potential to be revolutionary, and which has attracted much attention in the last few years. The concept was introduced in its modern form relatively recently, yet substantial progress has been made in the past years, with research and development taking place globally, from several Hyperloop companies and academics. This study examined the status of Hyperloop development and identified issues and challenges by means of a systematic review that analyzed 157 documents from the Scopus database on Hyperloop since 2014. Following that, a taxonomy of topics from scientific research was built under different physical and operational clusters. The findings could be of help to transportation academics and professionals who are interested in the developments in the field, and form the basis for policy decisions for the future implementation of Hyperloop.

CARL: a running recognition algorithm for free-living accelerometer data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Davis IV ◽  
Marcin Straczkiewicz ◽  
Jaroslaw Harezlak ◽  
Allison H Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Wearable Accelerometers

Abstract Wearable accelerometers hold great promise for physical activity epidemiology and sports biomechanists. However, identifying and extracting data from specific physical activities, such as running, remains challenging. Objective: To develop and validate an algorithm to identify bouts of running in raw, free-living accelerometer data from devices worn at the wrist or torso (waist, hip, chest). Approach: The CARL (continuous amplitude running logistic) classifier identifies acceleration data with amplitude and frequency characteristics consistent with running. The CARL classifier was trained on data from 31 adults wearing accelerometers on the waist and wrist, then validated on free-living data from 30 new, unseen subjects plus 166 subjects from previously-published datasets using different devices, wear locations, and sample frequencies. Main Results: On free-living data, the CARL classifier achieved mean accuracy (F1 score) of 0.984 (95% confidence interval 0.962-0.996) for data from the waist and 0.994 (95% CI 0.991-0.996) for data from the wrist. In previously-published datasets, the CARL classifier identified running with mean accuracy (F1 score) of 0.861 (95% CI 0.836-0.884) for data from the chest, 0.911 (95% CI 0.884-0.937) for data from the hip, 0.916 (95% CI 0.877-0.948) for data from the waist, and 0.870 (95% CI 0.834-0.903) for data from the wrist. Misclassification primarily occurred during activities with similar torso acceleration profiles to running, such as rope jumping and elliptical machine use. Significance: The CARL classifier can accurately identify bouts of running as short as three seconds in free-living accelerometry data. An open-source implementation of the CARL classifier is available at <<GITHUBURL>>.

scholarly journals Statistical Review of Microstructure-Property Correlation of Stainless Steel: Implication for Pre- and Post-Weld Treatment

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Musa Muhammed ◽  
Mazli Mustapha ◽  
Turnad Lenggo Ginta ◽  
Abdullah Musa Ali ◽  
Faizal Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dissimilar Welding ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Property Correlation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Welding Technique ◽  
Made In

For the past three centuries, there has been a very high demand for stainless steel for different applications, due to its corrosion resistance coupled with the good strength and low cost of the metal. Several welding techniques have been adopted in the fabrication of stainless steel, with the choice of welding technique hinged on the desired requirements. Advancement has been made in its dissimilar welding with other metals like aluminum, copper and titanium. While similar welding of stainless steel faces the challenge of weld metal property deterioration, dissimilar welding poses more serious challenges due to the differential in chemical composition and the thermophysical properties of the base metals. A review of the literature reveals that considerable progress has been made in the improvement of the properties of the weld joint by the application of several weld treatment processes. It was discovered that most of the researchers focused on the effect of these weld treatment processes on the properties of the weld joints, with little attempt to establish a relationship between the microstructure and properties. This review paper critically analyzed the effect of weld treatment processes on the properties of stainless steel in light of microstructure-property correlation.

scholarly journals The Dilemma of Analyzing Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Wrist Accelerometer Data: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5951
Author(s):  
Zan Gao ◽  
Wenxi Liu ◽  
Daniel J. McDonough ◽  
Nan Zeng ◽  
Jung Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Times

Physical behaviors (e.g., physical activity and sedentary behavior) have been the focus among many researchers in the biomedical and behavioral science fields. The recent shift from hip- to wrist-worn accelerometers in these fields has signaled the need to develop novel approaches to process raw acceleration data of physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, there is currently no consensus regarding the best practices for analyzing wrist-worn accelerometer data to accurately predict individuals’ energy expenditure and the times spent in different intensities of free-living physical activity and sedentary behavior. To this end, accurately analyzing and interpreting wrist-worn accelerometer data has become a major challenge facing many clinicians and researchers. In response, this paper attempts to review different methodologies for analyzing wrist-worn accelerometer data and offer cutting edge, yet appropriate analysis plans for wrist-worn accelerometer data in the assessment of physical behavior. In this paper, we first discuss the fundamentals of wrist-worn accelerometer data, followed by various methods of processing these data (e.g., cut points, steps per minute, machine learning), and then we discuss the opportunities, challenges, and directions for future studies in this area of inquiry. This is the most comprehensive review paper to date regarding the analysis and interpretation of free-living physical activity data derived from wrist-worn accelerometers, aiming to help establish a blueprint for processing wrist-derived accelerometer data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document