Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Intermittent Physical Activity on Blood Pressure in Preadolescent Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-415
Author(s):  
Emma Weston ◽  
Matthew Nagy ◽  
Tiwaloluwa A. Ajibewa ◽  
Molly O’Sullivan ◽  
Shannon Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Preadolescent Children ◽  
Adults And Children

Purpose: To compare the acute effects of intermittent physical activity (PA) across 4 different intensities on blood pressure. Methods: Thirty children (12 males and 18 females; aged 7–11 y; 33% overweight/obese; 53% nonwhite) completed 4 experimental conditions in random order: 8 hours sitting interrupted with 20, 2-minute low-, moderate-, high-intensity PA breaks, or sedentary screen-time breaks. PA intensity corresponded with 25%, 50%, and 75% of heart rate reserve. Blood pressure was measured during each condition in the morning (0800 h), noon (1200 h), and afternoon (1600 h). Results: There were no significant differences across conditions for systolic blood pressure (SBP; all Ps > .05). There was a significant effect of time with SBP decreasing throughout the day for all conditions (average morning SBP: 106 [1] mm Hg, average noon SBP: 101 [2] mm Hg, average afternoon SBP: 103 [1] mm Hg; P = .01). There were no significant effects of condition or time on diastolic blood pressure (all Ps > .05). Conclusion: While sedentary behavior is known to be associated with hypertension in both adults and children, a single bout of prolonged sitting may be insufficient to produce hypertensive effects in otherwise healthy children. Future research should examine the appropriate dose of intermittent PA to accrue hypotensive responses in preadolescent children.

Acute Effects of Intermittent Physical Activity on Perceptions of Exercise-Related Fatigue in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-609
Author(s):  
Matthew Nagy ◽  
Molly O’Sullivan ◽  
Shannon Block ◽  
Rebecca E. Hasson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Average Heart Rate ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Sedentary Breaks ◽  
Intermittent Activity ◽  
Condition Interaction

Purpose: To investigate the acute effects of intermittent activity performed at varying intensities on the perceptions of exercise-related fatigue in children. Methods: A total of 30 children completed 4 experimental conditions in random order, which consisted of 8 hours of sitting interrupted with 20 two-minute low-, moderate-, or high-intensity activity breaks or 20 two-minute sedentary breaks. The perceptions of exercise-related fatigue were determined via the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale at the beginning (0 breaks), middle (after 10 breaks), and end (after 20 breaks) of each condition. Results: The average heart rate was significantly higher with increasing exercise intensity (sedentary: 89.6 ± 1.2 beats/min, low: 114.6 ± 1.8 beats/min, moderate: 147.2 ± 1.8 beats/min, and high: 172.3 ± 1.8 beats/min, P < .0001). There was no significant main effect of condition (sedentary: −0.5 ± 0.6, low: −1.0 ± 0.7, moderate: −0.2 ± 0.5, and high: −0.6 ± 1.2; P = .86) and time (10–0 breaks: −0.7 ± 0.5 and 20–0 breaks: −0.5 ± 0.5; P = .45), nor time by condition interaction (P = .99) on change in exercise-related fatigue. Conclusions: Incorporating intermittent activity into physical activity programs may help to reduce barriers to regular exercise by minimizing perceptions of exercise-related fatigue in children.

scholarly journals Examining the Acute Effects of Classroom-Based Physical Activity Breaks on Executive Functioning in 11- to 14-Year-Old Children: Single and Additive Moderation Effects of Physical Fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Graham ◽  
Emily Bremer ◽  
Barbara Fenesi ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Post Test

Objective: Research supports the efficacy of acute, classroom-based, physical activity breaks on executive functioning in children. However, research pertaining to the effect of physical fitness on the acute physical activity—executive functioning relationship remains limited. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of classroom-based, teacher-delivered, physical activity breaks on executive functioning in 11–14-year-old children. We also investigated the potential moderating effects of both aerobic and musculoskeletal fitness on the acute physical activity—executive functioning relationship.Method: Participants (N = 116) completed pre- and post-test assessments of executive functioning (i.e., inhibition, switching, and updating) separated by a classroom-based physical activity break or sedentary classroom work. We manipulated the dose (i.e., length) and type of physical activity breaks. With regards to dose, participants in the experimental conditions engaged in 5-, 10-, or 20-min of physical activity whereas controls completed sedentary classroom math work at their desk. With regards to type, one experimental condition completed traditional physical activity breaks whereas the other experimental condition completed academic physical activity breaks (i.e., performed mental math and physical activity). Participants' mood, motivation, and self-efficacy were also assessed following the experimental manipulations.Results: Overall, executive function scores improved across each assessment following the physical activity breaks when compared to sedentary classroom work regardless of dose and type. Participants also reported more positive mood states, higher motivation to complete the executive function tests, and higher self-efficacy to perform the executive functions tests following the physical activity breaks. Single moderation analyses showed that low-moderate levels of aerobic fitness moderated the acute physical activity—executive functioning relationship. Additive moderation analysis showed, collectively, that both aerobic and musculoskeletal fitness moderated the acute physical activity—executive functioning relationship.Conclusion: Findings from the present study provide evidence for the acute effects of short (i.e., 5–20 min) classroom-based physical activity breaks on executive functioning and psychological states in children. Results also suggest levels of both aerobic and musculoskeletal fitness moderate these effects, however future research is needed to further elucidate this complex relationship.

Acute Compensatory Responses to Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Intermittent Activity in Preadolescent Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly P. O’Sullivan ◽  
Matthew R. Nagy ◽  
Shannon S. Block ◽  
Trevor R. Tooley ◽  
Leah E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Intensity Condition ◽  
Intermittent Activity

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intermittent activity performed at varying intensities and of prolonged sitting on physical activity compensation. Methods: A total of 33 children (14 boys and 19 girls; age 7–11 y; 24% overweight/obese; 61% nonwhite) completed 4 experimental conditions in random order: 8 hours of sitting interrupted with 20 two-minute low-, moderate-, or high-intensity activity breaks or 20 two-minute sedentary computer game breaks. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) was assessed via accelerometry to establish baseline PAEE and throughout each condition day (8-h in-lab PAEE, out-of-lab PAEE, and 3-d postcondition). Results: Compared with baseline PAEE, total daily PAEE was significantly higher during the high-intensity condition day (153 ± 43 kcal, P = .03), unchanged during the low-intensity (−40 ± 23 kcal, P > .05) and moderate-intensity condition days (−11 ± 18 kcal, P > .05), and decreased in response to prolonged sitting (−79 ± 22 kcal, P = .03). There were no significant differences in PAEE 3-day postcondition across conditions (P > .05). Conclusion: Despite the varying levels of PAEE accumulated during the 8-hour laboratory conditions, out-of-lab PAEE during each condition day and 3-day postcondition did not change from the baseline. These findings provide preliminary evidence that spontaneous physical activity in children does not change in response to intermittent activity or prolonged sitting.

Breaking up sitting time after stroke (BUST-stroke)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie English ◽  
Heidi Janssen ◽  
Gary Crowfoot ◽  
Robin Callister ◽  
Ashlee Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

Objectives People with stroke sit for long periods each day, which may compromise blood glucose control and increase risk of recurrent stroke. Studies in other populations have found regular activity breaks have a significant immediate (within-day) positive effect on glucose metabolism. We examined the effects of breaking up uninterrupted sitting with frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity in people with stroke on post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin. Methods Randomized within-participant crossover trial. We included people between 3 months and 10 years post-stroke, ambulant with minimal assistance and not taking diabetic medication other than metformin. The three experimental conditions (completed in random order) were: sitting for 8 h uninterrupted, sitting with 3 min bouts of light-intensity exercise while standing every 30 min, or sitting with 3 min of walking every 30 min. Meals were standardized and bloods were collected half- to one-hourly via an intravenous cannula. Results A total of 19 participants (9 female, mean [SD] age 68.2 [10.2]) completed the trial. The majority ( n = 12, 63%) had mild stroke symptoms (National Institutes of Stroke Scale score 0–13). There was no significant effect of experimental condition on glucose (mean [SD] positive incremental area [+iAUC] mmol·L·h-1 under the curve during sitting 42.3 [29.5], standing 47.4 [23.1], walking 44.6 [26.5], p = 0.563) or insulin (mean + iAUC pmol·L·h-1 sitting 14,161 [7,560], standing 14,043 [8,312], walking 14,008 [8,269], p = 0.987). Conclusion Frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity did not have a significant effect on post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin in this sample of people with stroke. Further studies are needed to identify strategies that improve inactivity-related glucose metabolism after stroke.

Physical activity counteracts the influence of mental work on blood pressure in healthy children

2016 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalia Lapointe ◽  
Patrice Brassard ◽  
Ben Rattray ◽  
Emilie Perusse-Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mental Work

Installation of Bicycle Lanes and Increased Ridership in an Urban, Mixed-Income Setting in New Orleans, Louisiana

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S98-S102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Parker ◽  
Jeanette Gustat ◽  
Janet C. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Correct Direction ◽  
Trained Observers

Background:People are more physically active in neighborhoods that are well designed for walking and bicycling. Building infrastructure for safer cycling is one way to promote physical activity. On-road bike lanes are one type of infrastructure hypothesized to positively impact levels of cycling. The first on-street bike lane was painted in New Orleans, LA during the spring of 2008.Methods:In November of 2007 and again in November 2008, trained observers conducted manual counts of cyclists riding on St. Claude Avenue in New Orleans, LA. The data collected included the number of men, women, adults, and children riding a bicycle with traffic, against traffic, and on sidewalks.Results:Data showed a 57% increase in the average number of riders per day (P < .001). There was a 133% increase among adult female riders (P < .001) and a 44% increase among adult male riders (P < .001). The percentage of cyclists riding in the correct direction, with the flow of traffic, increased from 73% to 82% (P < .001).Conclusions:Bike lanes can have a positive impact in creating a healthy physical environment. Future research should include other streets for comparison purposes and surveys to determine whether riders are substituting biking for nonactive forms of transportation.

scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of Breaking Prolonged Sitting With Standing or Light Walking in Older South Asians and White Europeans: A Randomized Acute Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Yates ◽  
Charlotte L Edwardson ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
Stuart J H Biddle ◽  
Danielle Bodicoat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Postprandial Insulin ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background Prolonged sitting is common in older adults and is associated with insulin resistance and poor cardiometabolic health. We investigate whether breaking prolonged sitting with regular short bouts of standing or light walking improves postprandial metabolism in older white European and South Asian adults and whether effects are modified by ethnic group. Methods Thirty South Asian (15 women) and 30 white European (14 women) older adults (aged 65–79 years) undertook three experimental conditions in random order. (a) Prolonged sitting: continuous sitting during an observation period if 7.5 hours consuming two standardized mixed meals. (b) Standing breaks: sitting interrupted with 5 minutes of standing every 30 minutes (accumulating 60 minutes of standing over the observation period). (c) Walking breaks: sitting interrupted with 5 minutes of self-paced light walking every 30 minutes (accumulating 60 minutes of walking). Blood samples (glucose, insulin, triglycerides) and blood pressure were sampled regularly throughout each condition. Results Compared with prolonged sitting, walking breaks lowered postprandial insulin by 16.3 mU/L, (95% CI: 19.7, 22.0) with greater reductions (p = .029) seen in South Asians (22.4 mU/L; 12.4, 32.4) than white Europeans (10.3 mU/L; 5.9, 14.7). Glucose (0.3 mmol/L; 0.1, 0.5) and blood pressure (4 mm Hg; 2, 6), but not triglycerides, were lower with walking breaks, with no ethnic differences. Standing breaks did not improve any outcome. Conclusions Breaking prolonged sitting with short bouts of light walking, but not standing, resulted in clinically meaningful improvements in markers of metabolic health in older adults, with South Asians gaining a greater reduction in postprandial insulin. Trial Registration NCT02453204

scholarly journals Interventions promoting physical activity among adults and children in the six Gulf Cooperation Council countries: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e037122
Author(s):  
Fiona Pearson ◽  
Peijue Huangfu ◽  
Farah M Abu-Hijleh ◽  
Susanne F Awad ◽  
Laith J Abu-Raddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Adults And Children

IntroductionPrevalence of overweight, obesity and diabetes are high and rising across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). In parallel, physical activity (PA) levels are low relative to international standards. PA aids weight control and reduces risk of non-communicable diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is likely interventions developed elsewhere will not translate to GCC countries due to unique environmental, social and cultural factors. This protocol is for a systematic review assessing the efficacy of interventions promoting PA within GCC countries among generally healthy adults and children. The primary outcome of interest is change in objectively measured or self-reported PA levels, the secondary outcomes of interest are changes in anthropometry or chronic disease risk factors (eg, blood pressure). Interventions will be compared with no intervention or those of differing PA intensity or duration. The relationships between PA change and the following will be assessed: intervention intensity or duration, season in which intervention occurs, sex, age, nationality and sustainability over time.Methods and analysisA systematic search strategy will identify indexed publications on the efficacy of interventions promoting PA. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies recruiting predominantly healthy children and adults will be included. Studies of exercise rehabilitation will be excluded. Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, SportDiscus, Web of Science, Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Qscience will be searched. Clinical trial registries including the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov will be searched for ongoing and unpublished studies. Searches will be ran from database inception until 1 May 2020 and be supplemented by checking references of key articles. Two reviewers will independently screen identified citations then full texts using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Piloted data extraction forms will be used in duplicate. Inconsistencies in screening or data extraction will be resolved by a third investigator or study author contact. Risk of bias will be independently assessed by two reviewers using validated tools. A narrative summary of findings will be produced supplemented with meta-analyses and exploration of heterogeneity as appropriate.Ethics and DisseminationThe review aims to strengthen the findings of the primary studies it incorporates and explore the impact of setting. It will synthesise existing published aggregate patient data. If publications or data with ethical concerns are identified, they will be excluded from the review. Results of the systematic review will be published in full and authors will engage directly with research audiences and key stakeholders to share findings.PROSPERO registration number131817.

Aerobic Exercise Increases Vascular Diameter of Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Francini Porcher Andrade ◽  
Talmir Nolasco ◽  
Marli Maria Knorst ◽  
Paula Maria Eidt Rovedder
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A healthy arteriovenous fistula (AVF) depends on adequate vessel diameter which can be maintained through aerobic exercises. A randomized crossover study was conducted to evaluate the acute effects of aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer on AVF vascular diameter, through ultrasound, and on blood pressure (BP). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eight hemodialysis (HD) patients completed 2 different occasions in random order with a 7-day washout: (a) exercising moment, in which 30-min aerobic exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer; and (b) resting moment, which was performed 30-min with the patient sitting in a chair. Both occasions were evaluated 1-h before the second weekly HD day. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A significant increase in AVF vascular diameter induced by 30-min aerobic exercise was found (1.15 ± 0.56 to 1.47 ± 0.66 cm; <i>p</i> = 0.042), whereas systolic (<i>p</i> = 0.105) and diastolic BP (<i>p</i> = 0.366) did not change. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We can conclude that acute aerobic exercise was shown to be effective in improving the AVF vascular diameter in HD patients. The aerobic exercise benefits in endothelium-dependent vasodilation which may be an effective, practical, and economic strategy to maintain AVF patency.

The effect of interrupting prolonged sitting time with short, hourly, moderate-intensity cycling bouts on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy, young adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 1751-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teatske M. Altenburg ◽  
Joost Rotteveel ◽  
David W. Dunstan ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
Mai J. M. Chinapaw
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

Although detrimental associations of sitting time and health indicators have been observed in young adults, evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms is lacking. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that the acute cardiometabolic effects of prolonged sitting can be compensated by hourly interruptions to sitting in healthy, young adults. Additionally, leg muscle activation during sitting and moderate-intensity physical activity interruptions was assessed. Eleven apparently healthy adults (18–24 yr; five men/six women) participated in this randomized, crossover study, involving two experimental conditions: 1) 8 h prolonged sitting and 2) 8 h of sitting, interrupted with hourly, 8-min, moderate-intensity cycling exercise bouts. In both conditions, participants consumed two standardized, high-fat mixed meals after 1 and 5 h. Capillary blood samples were collected hourly during each 8-h experimental condition. Muscle activity was measured using electromyography. Muscle activity during cycling was seven to eight times higher compared with rest. Postprandial levels of C-peptide were significantly lower (unstandardized regression coefficient = −0.19; confidence interval = [−0.35; −0.03]; P = 0.017) during interrupted sitting compared with prolonged sitting. Postprandial levels of other cardiometabolic biomarkers (e.g., glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol) were not significantly different between conditions. Hourly physical activity interruptions in sitting time, requiring a muscle activity of seven to eight times the resting value, led to an attenuation of postprandial C-peptide levels but not for other cardiometabolic biomarkers compared with prolonged sitting in healthy, young adults. Whether this acute effect transfers to chronic effects over time is unknown.

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