Physical Activity Patterns in Children and Adolescents With Heart Disease

Purpose: To quantify the differences in daily physical activity (PA) patterns, intensity-specific volumes, and PA bouts in youth with and without heart disease (HD). Methods: Seven-day PA was measured on children/adolescents with HD (n = 34; median age 12.4 y; 61.8% male; 70.6% single ventricle, 17.7% heart failure, and 11.8% pulmonary hypertension) and controls without HD (n = 22; median age 12.3 y; 59.1% male). Mean counts per minute were classified as sedentary, light, and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and bouts of MVPA were calculated. PA was calculated separately for each hour of wear time from 8:00 to 22:00. Multilevel linear mixed modeling compared the outcomes, stratifying by group, time of day, and day part (presented as median percentage of valid wear time [interquartile range]). Results: Compared with the controls, the HD group had more light PA (33.9% [15%] vs 29.6% [9.5%]), less MVPA (1.7% [2.5%] vs 3.2% [3.3%]), and more sporadic bouts (97.4% [5.7%] vs 89.9% [9.2%]), but fewer short (2.0% [3.9%] vs 7.1% [5.7%]) and medium-to-long bouts (0.0% [1.9%] vs 1.6% [4.6%]) of MVPA. The HD group was less active in the late afternoon, between 15:00 and 17:00 (P < .03). There were no differences between groups in sedentary time. Conclusion: Children/adolescents with HD exhibit differences in intensity-specific volumes, PA bouts, and daily PA patterns compared with controls.

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Abstract MP059: Incremental Light Activity Associated with Greater Brain Volume in Individuals Not Meeting the Physical Activity Guidelines: Cross Sectional Observations from the Framingham Heart Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.mp059 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicole L Spartano ◽

Kendra L Davis-Plourde ◽

Jayandra J Himali ◽

Ludovic Trinquart ◽

Charlotte Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Framingham Heart Study ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Brain Aging ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

Wear Time ◽

Heart Study ◽

Light Activity

Background: Recent evidence suggests that dementia appears linked to subclinical vascular changes, which may be attenuated by physical activity. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PA-Guidelines) are currently set at 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week, as a target for adults to achieve favorable health outcomes, but make no specific recommendations for prevention of dementia. Many Americans fall well below the PA-Guidelines. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether there is a continuum of lower intensities and volumes of physical activity associated with healthy brain aging even in individuals not meeting the PA-Guidelines. Methods: We included Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants who wore an Actical accelerometer for ≥3 valid days (>10 h wear time per day) on their right hip during the most recent cohort examinations and completed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an average of 1.7 (±0.9) years later (n=2534): Offspring exam 9, Third Generation exam 2, and corresponding examinations of the Omni cohorts. Participants were excluded from this analysis if they had prevalent stroke or dementia (n=63) or met the 150 min MVPA per week PA-Guidelines (n=1158). Non-wear time (defined as 60 min of zero-counts, with two interruptions allowed) was removed. Sedentary time (<200 counts/min, <1.5 metabolic equivalents [METs]) and light activity (201-1485 counts/min, 1.5-3 METs) were only accumulated during 6 am-10 pm, were represented as proportions of wear time to account for differences in wear time among participants, and standardized to a 16 h day. MVPA (>1486 counts/min, ≥3 METs) and steps were accumulated at any time of day. The relations of physical activity measures to brain MRI measures were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Results: More than 53% of FHS participants did not meet the PA-Guidelines for MVPA during their last exam, and were thus included in this investigation (n=1313, 56 [±14] years old, 60% women). These participants took an average of 6149 [±3079] steps, spent 10.5 [±6.1] min MVPA, 13 h 36 min [±48 min] sedentary and 2 h 14 min [±48 min] in light activities per day. Each additional 40 min of light activity (spent in 1.5-3 METs) or 42 min less time spent sedentary was associated with 0.22% [±0.07%] greater total cerebral brain volume (TCBV), after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (p=0.001), equivalent to approximately 1.1 years less brain aging. Greater light activity and lower sedentary time were also associated with greater hippocampal volume (p<0.005). Conclusions: Our investigation demonstrates, in a community setting, that there may be a negative association of light physical activity with brain aging even among individuals not meeting the PA-Guidelines for MVPA.

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Abstract P307: Associations Between Physical Activity and Cardiac Functional Measures Assessed by Echocardiography: Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p307 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Ponce ◽

Bharathi Upadhya ◽

Robert Kapplan ◽

Katrina Swett ◽

Mathew Allison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Volume Index ◽

P Value ◽

Color Flow ◽

Echocardiographic Study ◽

And Function

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is associated with cardiovascular health benefits including prevention of age related cardiac remodeling, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and adaptive pro-hypertrophic effect. In this study we aim to measure the associations between PA and LV structure and function in a diverse Hispanic/Latino population. Methods: Participants included 1,818 self-identified Hispanic/Latino men and women, age 45-74 from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL). Standard echo measures included M-mode, two-dimensional (2-D), spectral, tissue Doppler and color flow. Participants wore an Actical hip accelerometer for 1 week. Multivariable regression models were completed to relate PA to echocardiographic parameters. Results: The mean ± SE age for the cohort was 56 ±0.4, 57% were female, the prevalence of diabetes was 28%, hypertension 50%, hypercholesterolemia 49%, and coronary heart disease 7%. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was 20.9 ± 1.1 min/day and sedentary time ±SE was 736.5 ± 8.1 min/day. In multivariable models adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease, alcohol and cigarette use we found the following: left atrium volume index (LAVI) decrease by quartiles of MVPA (p-value<0.001). Global circumferential strain (GCS) decreased across these quartiles of MVPA. Moreover, LAVI decreased by 0.3 per 100 min/day of sedentary time (p-value<0.01) and GCS also decreased across quartiles of sedentary time. Conclusion: MVPA was significantly associated with lower LAVI. There was also a significant association with sedentary behavior. Our findings illustrate the complex relationship between PA, sedentary time and cardiac structure and function.

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Accelerometer-measured physical activity among adolescents in a multicultural area characterized by low socioeconomic status

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2016-0061 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andreas Fröberg ◽

Christel Larsson ◽

Christina Berg ◽

Cecilia Boldemann ◽

Anders Raustorp

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Organized Sports ◽

Wear Time

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe and analyze accelerometer-measured sedentary time and physical activity (PA) among adolescents in a multicultural area characterized by low socioeconomic status (SES). Method: Seventh-graders (n=114 (girls n=66), mean age: 12.8±0.5 y) were recruited from three schools in a multicultural area of the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. Sedentary time and PA were measured with ActiGraph™ accelerometers. Result: Of total wear-time, 70 (±6)% was sedentary, with girls being more sedentary than boys. Girls had less light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) than boys. Similar patterns were shown during in-school and out-of-school hours. During wear-time, 53% had a mean of ≥60 min of MVPA per day, but only 6% of the girls and 24% of the boys were sufficiently physically active every day. Girls had more sedentary bouts of ≥10 min and fewer MVPA bouts of ≥5 min per day than boys. Those who participated in organized sports spent a mean of 15 more minutes of MVPA per day compared to those who did not. No association was observed between body mass index (BMI) and sedentary time and PA. Conclusion: Only a few adolescents from a Swedish multicultural area characterized by low SES met the PA recommendations every day, and girls were more sedentary and less physically active than boys. Adolescents involved in organized sports had more of MVPA per day than their non-involved peers. Sedentary time and PA were not related to BMI.

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Classification and Processing of 24-Hour Wrist Accelerometer Data

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour ◽

10.1123/jmpb.2017-0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anna Pulakka ◽

Eric J. Shiroma ◽

Tamara B. Harris ◽

Jaana Pentti ◽

Jussi Vahtera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Total Activity ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Classification Methods ◽

Wake Time ◽

Wear Time ◽

Aging Study ◽

Activity Measures

Background: An important step in accelerometer data analysis is the classification of continuous, 24-hour data into sleep, wake, and non-wear time. We compared classification times and physical activity metrics across different data processing and classification methods.Methods: Participants (n = 576) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA) wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven days and nights and filled in daily logs with sleep and waking times. Accelerometer data were first classified as sleep or wake time by log, and Tudor-Locke, Tracy, and ActiGraph algorithms. Then, wake periods were classified as wear or non-wear by log, Choi algorithm, and wear sensor. We compared time classification (sleep, wake, and wake wear time) as well as physical activity measures (total activity volume and sedentary time) across these classification methods.Results:M(SD) nightly sleep time was 467 (49) minutes by log and 419 (88), 522 (86), and 453 (74) minutes by Tudor-Locke, Tracy, and ActiGraph algorithms, respectively. Wake wear time did not differ substantially when comparing Choi algorithm and the log. The wear sensor did not work properly in about 29% of the participants. Daily sedentary time varied by 8–81 minutes after excluding sleep by different methods and by 1–18 minutes after excluding non-wear time by different methods. Total activity volume did not substantially differ across the methods.Conclusion: The differences in wear and sedentary time were larger than differences in total activity volume. Methods for defining sleep periods had larger impact on outcomes than methods for defining wear time.

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It’s A-bout Time: Detailed Patterns of Physical Activity in Obese Adolescents Participating in a Lifestyle Intervention

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2014-0480 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1453-1460 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erin Kaye Howie ◽

Timothy Olds ◽

Joanne A. McVeigh ◽

Rebecca A. Abbott ◽

Leon Straker

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Variation Analysis ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Exposure Variation Analysis

Background:The detailed patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors of overweight and obese adolescents are unknown, but may be important for health outcomes and targeted intervention design.Methods:Participants completed Curtin University’s Activity, Food and Attitudes Program (CAFAP), an 8-week intervention with 12 months of maintenance intervention. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed at 6 time periods with accelerometers and were analyzed by 1) time and type of day, 2) intensity bout patterns using exposure variation analysis, and 3) individual case analysis.Results:Participants (n = 56) spent a lower percentage of time at baseline in light activity during school days compared with weekend days (24.4% vs 29.0%, P = .004). The majority of time was in long uninterrupted sedentary bouts of greater than 30 minutes (26.7% of total time, 36.8% of sedentary time at baseline). Moderate activity was accumulated in short bouts of less than 5 minutes (3.1% of total time, 76.0% moderate time). Changes varied by individuals.Conclusions:Exposure variation analysis revealed specific changes in activity patterns in overweight and obese adolescents who participated in a lifestyle intervention. A better understanding of these patterns can help to design interventions that meaningfully affect specific behaviors, with unique health consequences.

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Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns in Taiwanese Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16224392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (22) ◽

pp. 4392 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wen-Yi Wang ◽

Yu-Ling Hsieh ◽

Ming-Chun Hsueh ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Yung Liao

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

After School ◽

Behavior Patterns ◽

Activity Levels ◽

School Time ◽

Sedentary Bouts

Levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior among adolescents seem to vary within different settings, but few Asian studies have compared physical activity and sedentary activity patterns in adolescents across weekdays/weekends and during-school time/after-school time. This study aimed to provide objectively measured data describing intensity-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in Taiwanese adolescents. The results were sorted by gender and divided between weekdays/weekends and during-school time/after-school time. A total of 470 Taiwanese students (49.6% boys, ages 12–15 y) were recruited and fitted with GT3X+ accelerometers for seven days. Intensity-specific physical activity, total sedentary time, and sedentary bouts (number and duration ≥30 min) were measured. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the significant differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns between the genders on weekdays/weekends and during school/after-school time. The results show that the adolescents’ overall activity levels were below recommended thresholds, with girls engaging in significantly less moderate to vigorous physical activity, having longer sedentary time, longer time spent in sedentary bouts, and more frequent sedentary bouts than boys. Similar results were observed in physical activities of each intensity as well as sedentary behavior variables, both on weekdays/weekends and during-school/after-school periods. These findings emphasize the importance of developing and implementing approaches to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity, as well as decrease prolonged sedentary time and long sedentary bouts, especially for Taiwanese girls.

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Diurnal profiles of physical activity and postures derived from wrist-worn accelerometry in UK adults

10.1101/600650 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo ◽

Thomas White ◽

Kate Westgate ◽

Katrien Wijndaele ◽

Nicholas J. Wareham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Population Based ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Time Specific ◽

Gravity Acceleration

ABSTRACTBackgroundWrist-worn accelerometry is the commonest objective method for measuring physical activity in large-scale epidemiological studies. Research-grade devices capture raw triaxial acceleration which, in addition to quantifying movement, facilitates assessment of orientation relative to gravity. No population-based study has yet described the interrelationship and variation of these features by time and personal characteristics.Methods2043 UK adults (35-65years) wore an accelerometer on the non-dominant wrist and a chest-mounted combined heart-rate-and-movement sensor for 7days free-living. From raw (60Hz) wrist acceleration, we derived movement (non-gravity acceleration) and pitch and roll (arm) angles relative to gravity. We inferred physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) from combined sensing and sedentary time from approximate horizontal arm-angle coupled with low movement.ResultsMovement differences by time-of-day and day-of-week were associated with arm-angles; more movement in downward arm-positions. Mean(SD) movement was similar between sexes ∼31(42)mg, despite higher PAEE in men, 53(22) vs 48(19)J·min-1·kg-1. Women spent longer with the arm pitched >0° (53% vs 36%) and less time at <0° (37% vs 53%). Diurnal pitch was 2.5-5° above and 0-7.5° below horizontal during night and daytime, respectively; corresponding roll angles were ∼0° and ∼20° (thumb-up). Differences were more pronounced in younger participants. All diurnal profiles indicated later wake-times on weekends. Daytime pitch was closer to horizontal on weekdays; roll was similar. Sedentary time was higher (17 vs 15hours/day) in obese vs normal-weight individuals.ConclusionsMore movement occurred in arm positions below horizontal, commensurate with activities including walking. Findings suggest time-specific population differences in behaviours by age, sex, and BMI.

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504Patterns of physical activity and sedentary time: Changes and tracking from early childhood

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Katherine Downing ◽

Trina Hinkley ◽

Anna Timperio ◽

Jo Salmon ◽

Alison Carver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Young Children ◽

Mixed Models ◽

Generalized Estimating Equations ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Late Childhood ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

Time Changes

Abstract Background Little is known about how activity patterns change throughout childhood. This study examined changes and tracking of total volume and bouts of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) from early to late childhood. Methods Volume and bouts of SED and light-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (LPA, MPA and VPA) were assessed by accelerometry at 3-5y (n = 758), 6-8y (n = 473) and 9-11y (n = 478). Mixed models examined changes and generalized estimating equations assessed tracking (β < 0.3=weak, 0.3-0.6=moderate, >0.6=strong), stratified by sex and controlling for baseline age and time between measurements. Results Patterns of SED increased and LPA decreased for both sexes. Total volume of MPA decreased for girls, but time in ≥ 1-min bouts increased for both sexes. Total volume of VPA increased for both sexes, with time spent in ≥ 1-min bouts increasing for boys. All volume and bout variables tracked moderately for boys, except SED bouts ≥15-min, LPA bouts ≥5-min and MPA bouts ≥1-min which tracked weakly. For girls, total SED and bouts ≥1-min tracked strongly, while total volume of LPA, MPA and VPA, ≥5- and ≥10-min SED bouts, and ≥1-min LPA and MPA bouts tracked moderately. Conclusions Activity patterns changed from early to late childhood, with total volumes and short bouts of PA and SED tracking more strongly than longer bouts. Although MVPA increased slightly, total volume and bouts of SED increased considerably more and, of concern, replaced LPA. Key messages Interventions are needed to ensure that young children establish and maintain healthy PA and SED levels from a young age.

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Physical Activity, Inactivity and Health During Youth—2016

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2017-0011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Alex V. Rowlands

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Diurnal Activity ◽

Physical Behavior ◽

Health And Development ◽

Time Specific

2016 has been an exciting year for research in physical activity, inactivity and health. Recognition of the importance of all physical behaviors (physical activity, sedentary time and sleep) across the 24-hr day continues to grow. Notable advances have included: applications of recent methodological innovations that account for the codependence of the behaviors in the finite 24-hr period showing that the balance of these behaviors is associated with health; methodological innovations focusing on the classification of behaviors and/or quantification of the 24-hr diurnal activity pattern; and a series of systematic reviews that helped provide the evidence base for the release of the innovative 24-hr movement guidelines earlier this year. This commentary focuses on just two of these papers: the first by Goldsmith and colleagues who demonstrate a new statistical method that exploits the time series nature of accelerometer data facilitating new insights into time-specific determinants of children’s activity patterns and associations with health; the second by Tremblay and colleagues who describe the evidence base for associations between each physical behavior and children’s health, the emerging evidence base for associations between the balance of behaviors and health, and development of the world’s first 24-hr movement guidelines.

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