A Descriptive Study of Lower-Body Strength and Power in Overweight Adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Nuzzo ◽  
Michael J. Cavill ◽  
N. Travis Triplett ◽  
Jeffrey M. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Body Strength

The primary purpose of this investigation was to provide a descriptive analysis of lower-body strength and vertical jump performance in overweight male (n = 8) and female (n = 13) adolescents. Maximal strength was tested in the leg press and isometric squat. Kinetic and kinematic variables were assessed in vertical jumps at various loads. When compared with females, males demonstrated significantly greater (p ≤ .05) absolute maximal strength in the leg press. However, when maximal strength was expressed relative to body mass, no significant difference was observed. There were no significant differences between males and females in vertical jump performance at body mass.

Factors That Affect Selection of Elite Women’s Sculling Crews

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent W. Lawton ◽  
John B. Cronin ◽  
Michael R. McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
Rowing Ergometry

Purpose:There is no common theory on criteria to appropriately select crew rowers in pursuit of small performance gains. The purpose of this study was to establish whether anthropometry, rowing ergometry, or lower body strength were suitable criteria to identify differences between selected and nonselected sculling crews.Method:Twelve elite women performed a 2000-m ergometer time trial and a 5-repetition leg-press dynamometer test, were anthropometrically profiled, and participated in on-water national crew seat-racing trials. Log-transformed data were analyzed to compare percent (± SD) and standardized differences in group means (ES; ±90% confidence interval [CI]) between selected and nonselected oarswomen, with adjustments for body mass where appropriate.Results:Selected crew boats were 4.60% ± 0.02% faster and won by an average margin of 13.5 ± 0.7 s over 1500 m. There were no differences between crews on average in height, arm span, seated height, body mass, or 8-site skinfold sum (body fat). Difference in 2000-m ergometer times were also trivial (ES = 0.2, 90%CI = −0.6 to 1.1, P = .63); however, selected crews had moderately greater leg-press strength (ES = 1.1, 90%CI = 0.3−1.9, P = .03).Conclusion:Selected oarswomen with comparable anthropometry and 2000-m ergometer ability had greater lower body strength. Coaches of elite oarswomen might consider leg strength as part of crew-selection criteria, given acceptable on-water boatmanship and attainment of 2000-m ergometer benchmarks.

scholarly journals A Comparison Between the Squat and the Deadlift for Lower Body Strength and Power Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Federico Nigro ◽  
Sandro Bartolomei
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Strength Exercises ◽  
Study Results

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of two resistance training programs including either a deadlift or a parallel squat on lower body maximal strength and power in resistance trained males. Twenty-five resistance trained men were randomly assigned to a deadlift group (DE; n = 14; age = 24.3 ± 4.1 y; body mass = 84.8 ± 14.2 kg; body height = 180.3 ± 6.8 cm) or to a squat group (SQ; n = 11; age = 22.3 ± 1.6 y; body mass = 83.0 ± 13.6 kg; body height 179.9 ± 6.1 cm). Both groups trained 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The deadlift and the squat were the only lower body maximal strength exercises performed by DE and SQ groups, respectively, while both training programs included jumps. A significantly (p = 0.017) greater increase in deadlift 1RM was observed in the DE compared to the SQ group, while the SQ group obtained a significantly (p = 0.049) greater increase in squat 1RM. A significant increase in jump performance (p = 0.010), without significant interactions between groups (p = 0.552), was observed in both groups. Three participants of the DE group developed lower back pain and were excluded from the study. Results indicate that both the squat and the deadlift can result in similar improvement in lower body maximal strength and jump performance and can be successfully included in strength training programs. The incidence of back pain in the DE group may suggest a marked stress of this exercise on the lower back. Proper technique should be used to minimize the risk of injury, especially when the deadlift is performed.

scholarly journals Associations between Absolute and Relative Lower Body Strength to Measures of Power and Change of Direction Speed in Division II Female Volleyball Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Tramel ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Keston G. Lindsay ◽  
J. Jay Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
T Test ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Lower Body Strength

Volleyball is a sport comprised of multiple explosive efforts and multidirectional change of direction speed (CODS) actions. Since strength underpins both of these abilities, it is important to explore the relationship between these variables in order to develop strength and conditioning programs to optimize performance. The purpose of this study is to determine if a relationship exists between absolute and relative strength and measures of power and CODS in collegiate volleyball players. Archived testing data from ten (n = 10, age: 19.1 ± 1.2 yrs, Ht: 173.1 ± 6.64 cm, Wt: 67 ± 7.04 kg) female DII collegiate volleyball players were analyzed. These data included: block vertical jump (Block VJ), approach vertical jump (Approach VJ), a repeat jump test (i.e., four consecutive VJs), modified T-test, 5-0-5 agility test, a single leg triple hop test, and a 1-3RM deadlift. Significant large correlations were observed between relative strength and the repeat jump test, modified T-test, and 5-0-5 agility test. Significant correlations were also observed between absolute strength and the modified T-test. These results indicate that strength and conditioning professionals should emphasize the development of both absolute and relative lower-body strength to improve measures of power and agility in collegiate volleyball players.

scholarly journals Relationship of Absolute and Relative Lower-Body Strength to Predictors of Athletic Performance in Collegiate Women Soccer Players

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Andersen ◽  
Robert Lockie ◽  
J. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
T Test ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Division Ii

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between absolute and relative lower-body strength on predictors of athletic performance among Division II collegiate women’s soccer players. Archived pre-season testing data for seventeen (n = 17) female National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division II soccer players were analyzed, including: vertical jump, 3RM back squat, 505-agility, modified T-test, 10 m and 30 m sprint, and 20 m multistage fitness test (20 m MSFT). Relative strength was calculated based on the estimated 1RM back squat divided by the athlete’s body mass. Significant correlations were discovered between absolute lower-body strength and 505-agility (Right: r = −0.51, p < 0.05; Left: r = −0.59, p < 0.05), modified T-test (r = −0.55, p < 0.05), 10 m and 30 m (r = −0.59, p < 0.05; r = −0.54, p < 0.05), and sprint performance. Relative lower-body strength showed significant correlations with vertical jump (r = 0.54, p < 0.05), 505-agility (Right: r = −0.58, p < 0.05; Left: r = −0.67, p < 0.01), modified T-test (r = −0.75, p < 0.01), 10 m and 30 m (r = −0.59 p < 0.05; r = −0.67, p < 0.01), and the 20 m MSFT (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). These results indicate that strength and conditioning coaches should emphasize the development of absolute and relative lower-body strength with their players to improve power, agility, and speed performance.

scholarly journals Comparing periodised protocols for the maintenance of strength and power in resistance-trained women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok Lian Yee
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Training Programmes

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of daily undulating periodisation (DUP) and session undulating periodisation (SUP) for maintaining strength and power over a 3-wk period in a group of resistance-trained women.  DUP comprised one session each of strength and power training while DUP combined both strength and power training within each session.  Both training programmes were equalised for training volume and intensity.  Methods: Sixteen resistance-trained women were pre-tested for body mass, mid-arm and mid-thigh girths, one-repetition maximum (1 RM) dynamic squat (SQ) and bench press (BP), and  power during countermovement jumps (CMJ) and bench press throws (BPT). The 1 RM SQ and BP data were used to assign the participants into groups for twice a week training.  Results:  A two-way (group x time) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures for time found no significant changes in body mass, mid-arm girth, 1 RM BP and SQ, and BPT and CMJ power for both groups.  However, significant changes in mid-thigh girth were found (F1, 13 = 5.733, p = 0.032). Pooled BP data indicated improved upper body strength (BP: F1, 13 = 6.346, p = 0.025) and decreased CMJ power (p = 0.016).  Conclusions:  Both DUP and SUP programmes increased upper-body strength and maintained lower-body strength adequately across a 3-wk phase probably because the participants were weaker in the upper-body and the lower-body had a reduced capacity for strength adaptations and improvements.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HIGH AND LOW FLEXIBILITY ON AGILITY, ACCELERATION SPEED AND VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Gulati ◽  
Rita Jain ◽  
Anuradha Lehri ◽  
Rajneesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
High Flexibility

This study aimed to assess the effect of high and low levels of flexibility on key performance indicators of volleyball performance. Eighty-four volleyball players (n=84; mean±SD; decimal age: 16.57±1.51; height (cm): 176.23±8.77; body mass (kg): 66.14±11.79) were selected for the study. The design of the study was cross-sectional and to measure selected variables i.e. agility, lower body muscular power, and acceleration speed; 6×10 m shuttle run, countermovement jump (with arm swing) test and 20 m sprint test (standing start) were used. To measure the flexibility level of the players, sit and reach test was used. Shapiro-Wilk normality test was conducted to check the distribution of data and the Levine test was applied to check homogeneity of the variance in data. Participants were divided into two groups i.e. High Flexibility Group (HFG) and Low Flexibility Group (LFG) using k-means cluster analysis and independent t-test was applied to find the differences between HFG and LFG. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results showed statistically significant difference between HFG and LFG in agility, acceleration speed and lower body muscular power and, based on the results, it was concluded coaches should include flexibility training in the regular training programme. The results obtained supported the rationale that baseline flexibility may influence the performance of volleyball players. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0778/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Remotely Delivered Strength and Balance Training Program for Older Adults with Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 4408-4419
Author(s):  
Schroder Sattar ◽  
Kristen Haase ◽  
Kelly Penz ◽  
Corrie Effa ◽  
Joni Nedeljak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Lower Body Strength

Falls are a major issue among older adults with cancer and lead to interruptions in cancer treatment. Resistance and balance training can prevent falls in older adults, but minimal evidence is available regarding the older cancer population, who often have unique risk factors. We used a pre–post design to assess the feasibility of a remotely delivered exercise program that progressed in difficulty and its efficacy on lower body strength, balance, and falls in older adults with cancer who had prior in-person exercise experience. Twenty-six older adults with cancer completed the intervention. Attendance rate for the virtual component was 97.6% and for the independent component was 84.7%. Participants perceived the program as rewarding and enjoyable (100%), felt this program prepared them to exercise on their own (92%), were confident to continue exercising on their own (81%), and would recommend the program to other patients (100%). The median balance score at baseline and end-of-study was 4 (IQR = 0). The median chair-stand time decreased from 9.2 s (IQR = 3.13) to 7.7 s (IQR = 4.6). A statistically significant difference in lower body strength (r = 0.68, p = 0.001) was detected post-intervention. The findings from this study can inform the design of a larger randomized trial.

scholarly journals The Importance of Lower Body Strength and Power for Future Success in Professional Men’s Basketball

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Čabarkapa ◽  
Andrew C. Fry ◽  
Michael T. Lane ◽  
Andrea Hudy ◽  
Patricia R. Dietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Load Spectrum ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
Few Data

Heavy resistance exercise is often prescribed for collegiate basketball players to enhance game performance, but few data are available concerning the transference of lower body strength and power to the opportunity to play professionally after college. This study investigated if lower body muscular power and strength measures obtained during the barbell squat are related to future professional playing opportunities. The data was collected over a seven year period from a collegiate men’s basketball program (n=37; X±SD, age=20.0±1.4 yrs, hgt=1.98±0.09 m, bw=94.5±11.8 kg). Lower body strength was determined from 1 repetition maximum (1RM) tests of the parallel high-bar squat. Maximum lower body squat power was determined from speed squat testing across a load spectrum (30-90% 1RM) while an external tethered dynamometer or a 3-D video motion capture system quantified barbell power. Repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post hoc, Spearman ρ correlations, and Cohen’s D effect sizes were used to analyze the results. Subjects who subsequently played in the NBA or in professional leagues elsewhere had greater lower body strength and power. This was mainly attributed to their greater body mass, since strength and power relative to body mass was not different between the groups. Even without statistically significant differences, effect sizes consistently indicated moderate to large differences between the NBA and other professional groups when compared to those who did not play professionally. Regardless, lower body strength and power were related to post-collegiate playing opportunities, with greater values related to higher levels of professional play.

scholarly journals Effects of 8-Week Strength Training on the Vertical Jump Performance of the Traceurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sinan Seyhan
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

The parkour is a physical activity that contains special technique applications and requires a great number of jumps.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week strength training on the jump heights of thetraceurs (parkour practitioners). A total of 12 traceurs, including 6 individuals as the control group and 6 individualsas the strength group, were included in the study. The control group was provided with parkour training sessionstwice a week, and the other group provided with both strength and parkour training sessions twice a week. Eachparticipant's vertical jumps were recorded with the high-speed camera in the validated My Jump 2 application. Themean age of the traceurs control group was 19±.89 years, 173.67±4.63 cm, body mass 66.5±5.32 kg; experimentalgroup was 19.5±1.05 years, 175.83±8.86 cm, and body mass 67.67±7.20 kg. Also according to the results, it can besaid that a significant increase was observed in countermovement jump (CMJ) vertical jump heights (p=0.028) of thestudy group at the end of the 8-week strength trainings compared to the control group and that the strength trainingprovided a positive contribution to vertical jump heights. On the other hand, there was no significant difference(p=0.075) in the control group. At the same time, the CMJ height values of the participants who performed strengthtraining increased 4.97±0.09%. Learning of the vertical jump heights, which is an important parameter for successfulperformance in traceurs, can enable the coaches and athletes to prepare a better training program.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document