Physical Appearance and the Perceived Effectiveness of Performance Enhancement Consultants

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Lubker ◽  
Jack C. Watson ◽  
Amanda J. Visek ◽  
John R. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
First Impression

Research has revealed that dress and build can impact others’ perceptions of personality, knowledge, competence, and effectiveness (Hash, Munna, Vogel, & Bason, 2003; Lennon, 1986). This study investigated athletes’ first impression formation of performance enhancement consultants (PECs) and its influence on athletes’ perceptions of their knowledge, ability, and personality characteristics. Participants (N = 86) rated 11 pictures of PECs on personality traits, sport knowledge, and likeliness of seeking services. Results revealed that build and dress were most influential on PEC ratings. PECs with a lean build and academic clothing were rated higher on personality traits PECs than other groups. PECs with a lean build and athletic clothing were rated higher on sport knowledge and more likely to be sought for services than PECs with a large build and academic clothing.

scholarly journals Scent of a Woman—Or Man: Odors Influence Person Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Nicole Hovis ◽  
Paul Sheehe ◽  
Theresa White
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
T Test ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Body Odors

First impressions of social traits are regularly, rapidly, and readily determined from limited information about another individual. Relatively little is known about the way that olfactory information, particularly from scents that are not body odors, alters a first impression. Can the attributes of an odorant be conferred onto a person associated with that scent? To explore this, 101 participants were asked to form an impression of a hypothetical person based on the following stimuli: A gender-neutral silhouette, a list of six personal characteristics, and one of five odorants. Participants then rated the likelihood that the hypothetical person possessed each of 51 personality traits that were determined a priori as falling into six attribute categories. Participants also directly rated all odorants for the six categories and intensity. A T-test showed that ratings of the hypothetical person were less disparate from the odor that was presented during impression formation than from other odors. ANOVA revealed that the effects were heterogeneous, with odorants varying in their effectiveness in associating the hypothetical person with categories. The present data suggest that a hypothetical person can be imbued with the specific attributes of an odor and that some odors are better at contributing to impressions than others.

How Socially Relevant Visual Characteristics of Avatars Influence Impression Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weibel ◽  
Daniel Stricker ◽  
Bartholomäus Wissmath ◽  
Fred W. Mast
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Frontal View ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Blink Frequency

Like in the real world, the first impression a person leaves in a computer-mediated environment depends on his or her online appearance. The present study manipulates an avatar’s pupil size, eyeblink frequency, and the viewing angle to investigate whether nonverbal visual characteristics are responsible for the impression made. We assessed how participants (N = 56) evaluate these avatars in terms of different attributes. The findings show that avatars with large pupils and slow eye blink frequency are perceived as more sociable and more attractive. Compared to avatars seen in full frontal view or from above, avatars seen from below were rated as most sociable, self-confident, and attractive. Moreover, avatars’ pupil size and eyeblink frequency escape the viewer’s conscious perception but still influence how people evaluate them. The findings have wide-ranging applied implications for avatar design.

Personality Traits in Childhood and Adolescent Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lanzi ◽  
CA Zambrino ◽  
O Ferrari-Ginevra ◽  
C Termine ◽  
S D'Arrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Adolescent Headache

We evaluate personality traits, anxiety and depression in a population of paediatric and adolescent patients, correlating personality characteristics with headache and sociodemographic variables. The clinical features of headache include specific personality traits. We report a clinical study of 57 patients (age 8–18 years), divided up as follows: 12 migraine with aura, 29 migraine without aura and 16 tension-type headache. One of Cattel's tests was administered to every patient; the Children's Depression Inventory test was administered to 53 patients and the Test Anxiety Inventory test to 43 subjects. The scores obtained by every patient in each test were correlated with the characteristics of headache and with sociodemographic data. We found that patients affected by idiopathic headache share some personality traits, mainly emotional rigidity and tendency to repress anger and aggression. These traits do not seem to be correlated with sociodemographic data and the duration of headache: we considered these as characteristic of migrainous patients.

scholarly journals What are psychological constructs? On the nature and statistical modeling of emotions, intelligence, personality traits and mental disorders.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko I Fried
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Constructs

Many scholars have raised two related questions: what are psychological constructs such as cognitions, emotions, attitudes, personality characteristics, and intelligence? And how are they best modeled statistically? This paper provides (1) an overview of common theories and statistical models, (2) connects these two domains, and (3) discusses how the recently proposed framework pragmatic nihilism (Peters & Crutzen, 2017) fits in.

Personality Traits That Distinguish Special Operations Female Aircrew

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
Wayne Chappelle ◽  
Anne H. Shadle ◽  
Rachael N. Martinez ◽  
Laura E. Reardon ◽  
Tanya Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Insight Into

INTRODUCTION: U.S. Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) female aircrew represent a small group of military personnel in challenging high-risk, high-demand professions. Personality characteristics may play a key role in distinguishing those women who pursue a career as a special operations aircrew member and succeed in this pursuit. Having access to normative personality data can potentially support psychologists in assessing AFSOC female aircrew and subsequently making informed recommendations to leadership.METHODS: A total of 586 AFSOC aircrew trainees58 (9.9%) women and 528 (90.1%) mencompleted a series of computer-based psychological tests to assess cognitive ability and personality traits.RESULTS: Results indicated significant differences between female AFSOC aircrew and female civilians on four of the five NEO Personality Inventory domains: Neuroticism (M 74.9 vs. M 87.1), Extraversion (M 123.7 vs. M 112.8), Openness to Experience (M 122.6 vs. M 111.0), and Conscientiousness (M 136.0 vs. M 120.6), respectively. The comparison between female AFSOC aircrew and male AFSOC aircrew revealed significant differences across three of the five domains: Neuroticism (M 74.9 vs. M 65.1), Openness to Experience (M 122.6 vs. M 115.0), and Agreeableness (M 119.6 vs. M 112.7), respectively.DISCUSSION: Implications for assessment and interpretation of psychological testing are discussed. This paper provides a unique perspective and insight into those who pursue and excel in this career field. Identifying specific personality traits in our AFSOC female aircrew allows for tailored care and support when evaluating readiness in special operations aircrew for optimizing performance.Chappelle W, Shadle AH, Martinez RN, Reardon LE, Goodman T, Spencer H, Thompson W. Personality traits that distinguish special operations female aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4):240247.

scholarly journals Hitchhiking: Associations With Big Five and Emotional Competences

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412095355
Author(s):  
Sylvain Laborde ◽  
Sebastian Gerlach ◽  
Robert Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Big Five Inventory ◽  
Study Participants

After a decrease in its practice, the interest in hitchhiking is currently renewed. However, so far, very little is known about the personality characteristics of hitchhikers. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between hitchhiking and personality traits, with the Big Five and emotional competences. Five hundred and seventy-eight travellers (452 hitchhikers, Mage = 28.4 years old; and 126 non-hitchhikers, Mage = 27.7 years old) took part in the study. Participants completed an online survey including hitchhiking behaviour, the Big Five Inventory, and the Profile for Emotional Competences. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, hitchhiking was found to be positively associated with openness, and negatively associated with neuroticism. No associations were found with emotional competences. These findings improve our understanding of the personality characteristics associated with hitchhiking, however longitudinal studies are required to understand how hitchhiking is related to personality.

Another look at Pastoral Candidates’ Personality Traits

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Thorson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Male And Female

The purpose of this research note is to comment upon a study by Jayne Patrick that appeared in the Summer, 1991, issue of this Journal (“Personality Characteristics of Male and Female Pastoral Candidates,” 19 [2], 186–196), suggest some alternative norms for comparisons for part of the data she presented, and provide additional data for purposes of comparison.

Resilience and personality in social work students and social workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de las Olas Palma-García ◽  
Isabel Hombrados-Mendieta
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Social Work Students ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Subject Analysis ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The goal of the study was to explore the relationship between personality characteristics and the development of resilience in the context of social work. To do this, combining the transverse and longitudinal approaches, we investigated 479 students and professional social workers. For students, the within-subject analysis shows that this group, while pursuing a university degree, are reaching greater openness, accountability, extraversion and kindness and, by contrast, are reducing their levels of neuroticism, which is the personality trait that acquires smaller presence on the professional stage. The regression results also confirmed the influence and predictive ability of personality traits on the resilience of students and social workers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document