scholarly journals Valuing time over money predicts happiness after a major life transition: A preregistered longitudinal study of graduating students

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Whillans ◽  
Lucía Macchia ◽  
Elizabeth Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Consumer Choices ◽  
Life Decisions ◽  
Graduating Students

How does prioritizing time or money shape major life decisions and subsequent well-being? In a preregistered longitudinal study of approximately 1000 graduating university students, respondents who valued time over money chose more intrinsically rewarding activities and were happier 1 year after graduation. These results remained significant controlling for baseline happiness and potential confounds, such as materialism and socioeconomic status, and when using alternative model specifications. These findings extend previous research by showing that the tendency to value time over money is predictive not only of daily consumer choices but also of major life decisions. In addition, this research uncovers a previously unidentified mechanism—the pursuit of intrinsically motivated activities—that underlies the previously observed association between valuing time and happiness. This work sheds new light on whether, when, and how valuing time shapes happiness.

scholarly journals Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lifestyles of Health Sciences University Students in Spain: A Longitudinal Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Idoia Imaz-Aramburu ◽  
Ana-Belén Fraile-Bermúdez ◽  
Batirtze San Martín-Gamboa ◽  
Silvia Cepeda-Miguel ◽  
Borja Doncel-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Long Time

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted daily activities worldwide. University students may have experienced substantial changes in daily living as a result of restrictions on university attendance. The return to normalcy may take a long time, and understanding the influence that shifts in daily routines have had on the lifestyles of university students may inform approaches to support overall well-being. We analyzed changes in the lifestyles of students enrolled at a health sciences university during the COVID-19 pandemic. This longitudinal study took place at the Faculty of Medicine and Nursing in the University of the Basque Country in Spain, and the final sample consisted of 113 nursing students, 109 medical students, and 45 physiotherapy students. Our results demonstrate changes in lifestyles of university students during the pandemic. MedDiet adherence scores and the percentage of students with high adherence increased during the pandemic. This increase was due to the increased consumption of vegetables and nuts. In terms of physical activity, the practice of moderate and intense physical activity was maintained. These results provide important information for both public health authorities and educational institutions to guide strategies to maintain the well-being of students and enhance opportunities for young adults to lead a healthy lifestyle.

scholarly journals Stress, Mood, and Smartphone Use in University Students: A 12-week Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Bradley ◽  
Andrea Howard
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Screen Use

The current study used device-logged screen time records to measure week-to-week within-person associations between stress and smartphone use in undergraduate students (N = 187, Mage = 20.1) during Fall 2020, focusing on differences across types of app used and whether accumulated screen use each week predicted end-of-week mood states. Participants uploaded weekly screenshots from their “Screen Time” settings display and completed surveys measuring stress, mood, and COVID-19 experiences. Results of multilevel models showed no week-to-week change in smartphone hours of use or device pickups. Higher stress levels were not concurrently associated with heavier smartphone use, either overall or by type of app. Heavier smartphone use in a given week did not predict end-of-week mood states, but students who tended to spend more time on their phones in general reported slightly worse moods—a between-person effect potentially reflecting deficits in well-being that are present in students’ offline lives as well. Our findings contribute to a growing scholarly consensus that time spent on smartphones tells us little about young people’s well-being.

scholarly journals Optimism and resilience among university students

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Rocio Gómez- Molinero ◽  
Antonio Zayas ◽  
Paula Ruíz-González ◽  
Rocio Guil
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
New Family ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
University Life ◽  
The Face

University life is full of stressful stimuli that can contribute to psychological distress and lower performance levels. Despite academic demands, university students also face new stressors, such as different social networks, financial changes, and adaptation to new family and social roles that may have a negative impact on their mental health (Pidgeon & Pickett, 2017). In this sense, resilience literature has gained acceptance explaining how some students successfully adapt to university life while others find great challenges. Since resilience has been defined as the ability to successfully adapt in the face of stress and adversity, it is important to determine what psychological factors contribute enhancing this resilience levels. One of the factors related to life adaptation is optimism, understood as the general expectancy of obtaining positive outcomes in the future (Scheier & Carver, 1985). Hence, the aim of this study is to study the relationship between optimism and resilience among a sample of university students in Spain.The sample was comprised of 132 students from the University of Cádiz (Spain). Participants were selected by quota sampling from first to last year of studies. The majority of students (72.5%) were female and average age was 21.71 (range = 18–48, SD = 3.75). Participants completed the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (Spanish version adapted by Novella, 2002) and Life Orientation Test (LOT-R Spanish version adapted by Ferrando, Chico & Tous).We performed hierarchical multiple regression analysis and obtained that optimism explained 25% of resilience among university students (R2 = .25, â = .49). No gender and age differences were observed. Thus, identifying the factors that influence students’ adjustment to university life can improve the targeting of interventions to improve university academic performance. Moreover, this research could contribute helping students to successfully face this life transition, increasing their well-being and life satisfaction levels and decreasing university absenteeism.

scholarly journals Estilo de vida en adultos jóvenes universitarios de Barranquilla, Colombia. Diferencias según sexo y estatus socioeconómico (Lifestyle of university students from Barranquilla, Colombia. Differences according sex and socioeconomic status)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 979-987
Author(s):  
Yisel Pinillos Patiño ◽  
Enny Oviedo Argumedo ◽  
Roberto Rebolledo Cobos ◽  
Yaneth Herazo Beltrán ◽  
Patricia Valencia Fontalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
University Students ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Environment ◽  
The University

  El estilo de vida es concebido como un comportamiento cotidiano y que permanece en el tiempo, el cual evidencia los patrones individuales de conducta de una persona; además, y está determinado por factores sociales, culturales y personales. La etapa universitaria se constituye en este sentido, en una oportunidad para promover la modificación de hábitos por conductas saludables. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los estilos de vida en estudiantes universitarios y las diferencias según el sexo y el estatus socioeconómico. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal con 508 universitarios a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta auto administrada sobre sus condiciones sociodemográficas, mientras que los estilos de vida fueron evaluados mediante el cuestionario de Perfil del Estilo de Vida de Pender II (PEVP-II). Se observó que solo el 24,02% (n=122) de la muestra controla frecuentemente los niveles de azúcares y de grasas el 21,85% (n=111), en su alimentación; más del 20% (n=102) no realiza actividad física, entre el 20 (n=102) y 30% (n=152) no regulan los azúcares o incluyen frutas y vegetales en sus dietas; los promedios inferiores al 60%(n=305) en los factores asociados contemplados en el estudio, infieren que los encuestados no mantienen un estilo de vida saludable. En el período de la vida universitaria, el estilo de vida está influenciado por cambios de comportamientos asociados a la formación personal, al entorno familiar y al contexto cultural y social en que desarrolla cada individuo. Los bajos niveles de práctica de actividad física y la presencia de hábitos considerados riesgosos en la dimensión nutricional, pueden estar relacionados con los estilos de vida, y propiciar el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles que conllevan a incrementar la morbilidad y mortalidad en las etapas del curso de la vida del ser humano.  Abstract. Lifestyles are everyday behaviors that show an individual's way of life and are usually maintained over time. The university stage is an important period to establish healthy habits for the rest of life. The objective of the study was to determine the lifestyles of university students and the differences according to sex and socioeconomic status. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 508 university students to whom a self-administered survey was applied on their sociodemographic conditions, while their lifestyles were evaluated using the PEVP-II questionnaire. It was observed that only 24.02% of the sample frequently controlled the levels of sugars and fats, 21.85%, in their diet; more than 20% do not perform physical activity, between 20 and 30% do not regulate sugars or include fruits and vegetables in their diets; the averages lower than 60% in the associated factors contemplated in the study, infer that the respondents do not maintain a healthy lifestyle. Finally, it is concluded that low levels of physical activity practice and the presence of habits considered risky in the nutritional dimension, may be related to lifestyles, making this identification in the university environment can help decision-making for design of intervention strategies supported in the well-being of students.

scholarly journals When Fathers Begin to Falter: A Comprehensive Review on Paternal Perinatal Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bruno ◽  
Laura Celebre ◽  
Carmela Mento ◽  
Amelia Rizzo ◽  
Maria Catena Silvestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Major Life

The transition to parenthood is considered to be a major life transition that can increase the vulnerability to parental depressive disorders, including paternal perinatal depression (PPND). Although it is known that many fathers experience anxiety and depression during the perinatal period, PPND is a recent diagnostic entity and there are not enough published studies on it. Accordingly, its prevalence and epidemiology are still not well defined, although the majority of studies agree that PPND is less frequent than maternal perinatal depression and postpartum depression. Nevertheless, PPND is different from maternal perinatal mental health disorders, usually, fathers have less severe symptoms, and mood alterations are often in comorbidity with other affective disorders. Despite the absence of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and the fluctuation of prevalence rates, clinical symptoms have been defined. The main symptoms are mood alterations and anxiety, followed by behavioral disturbances and concerns about the progress of pregnancy and the child’s health. Moreover, PPND negatively impacts on family functioning, on couples’ relationships, and on family members’ well-being. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the current understandings on PPND and the potential screening, prevention, and treatment options.

scholarly journals Active Interest Mentorship for Soon-to-Retire People: A Self-Sustaining Retirement Preparation Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-364
Author(s):  
Siu-man Ng ◽  
Lingli Leng ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Preparation Program ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Retirement Preparation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Positive Entry ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Better Than

Retirement is a major life transition that often leads to maladjustments and mental health hazards. In this study, we developed an innovative retirement preparation program, the Active Interest Mentorship Scheme (AIMS), which utilized active interest development as a positive entry point through which to engage soon-to-retire people. Each retiree received a 1-year mentorship 6 months before retirement. Adopting a quasi-experimental design, the study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the AIMS in protecting retirees’ well-being. The well-being status of 161 retirees was assessed at 4-month intervals. Measures included self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Serial trend analysis revealed a general improvement in well-being at 4 months after mentorship, followed by a mark reversion in some variables at 2 months after retirement. Upon completion of the program, participants generally returned to a level of well-being that was comparable with or better than preretirement levels. The first 2 months after retirement appeared to be the most distressing. The findings support the efficacy, as well as feasibility of the innovative retirement preparation program.

scholarly journals A 4-year Longitudinal Study of Well-being of Chinese University Students in Hong Kong

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Shek ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Florence K. Y. Wu ◽  
Xiaoqin Zhu ◽  
Kevin H. Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
Chinese University Students

scholarly journals Understanding Students’ Mental Well-Being Challenges on a University Campus: Interview Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Young Park ◽  
Nazanin Andalibi ◽  
Yikai Zou ◽  
Siddhant Ambulkar ◽  
Jina Huh-Yoo
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Mental Well Being

BACKGROUND Research shows that emerging adults face numerous stressors as they transition from adolescence to adulthood. This paper investigates university students’ lived experiences of maintaining mental well-being during major life events and challenges associated with this transitional period. As we continue to design health technology to support students’ mental health needs, it is imperative to understand the fundamental needs and issues particular to this phase of their life to effectively engage and lower the barriers to seeking help. OBJECTIVE This study first aimed to understand how university students currently seek and receive support to maintain their mental well-being while going through frequent life events during this period of emerging adulthood. The study then aimed to provide design requirements for how social and technical systems should support the students’ mental well-being maintenance practice. METHODS Semistructured interviews with 19 students, including graduate and undergraduate students, were conducted at a large university in the Midwest in the United States. RESULTS This study’s findings identified three key needs: students (1) need to receive help that aligns with the perceived severity of the problem caused by a life event, (2) have to continuously rebuild relationships with support givers because of frequent life events, and (3) negotiate tensions between the need to disclose and the stigma associated with disclosure. The study also identified three key factors related to maintaining mental well-being: time, audience, and disclosure. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of this study’s empirical findings, we discuss how and when help should be delivered through technology to better address university students’ needs for maintaining their mental well-being, and we argue for reconceptualizing seeking and receiving help as a colearning process.

scholarly journals Understanding Students’ Mental Well-Being Challenges on a University Campus: Interview Study

10.2196/15962 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e15962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Young Park ◽  
Nazanin Andalibi ◽  
Yikai Zou ◽  
Siddhant Ambulkar ◽  
Jina Huh-Yoo
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Major Life Events ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background Research shows that emerging adults face numerous stressors as they transition from adolescence to adulthood. This paper investigates university students’ lived experiences of maintaining mental well-being during major life events and challenges associated with this transitional period. As we continue to design health technology to support students’ mental health needs, it is imperative to understand the fundamental needs and issues particular to this phase of their life to effectively engage and lower the barriers to seeking help. Objective This study first aimed to understand how university students currently seek and receive support to maintain their mental well-being while going through frequent life events during this period of emerging adulthood. The study then aimed to provide design requirements for how social and technical systems should support the students’ mental well-being maintenance practice. Methods Semistructured interviews with 19 students, including graduate and undergraduate students, were conducted at a large university in the Midwest in the United States. Results This study’s findings identified three key needs: students (1) need to receive help that aligns with the perceived severity of the problem caused by a life event, (2) have to continuously rebuild relationships with support givers because of frequent life events, and (3) negotiate tensions between the need to disclose and the stigma associated with disclosure. The study also identified three key factors related to maintaining mental well-being: time, audience, and disclosure. Conclusions On the basis of this study’s empirical findings, we discuss how and when help should be delivered through technology to better address university students’ needs for maintaining their mental well-being, and we argue for reconceptualizing seeking and receiving help as a colearning process.

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