scholarly journals Direct 2D-to-3D transformation of pen drawings

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. eabf3804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seo Woo Song ◽  
Sumin Lee ◽  
Jun Kyu Choe ◽  
Na-Hyang Kim ◽  
Junwon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Surface Initiated Polymerization ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Monomer Solution ◽  
2D Drawing ◽  
2D To 3D

Pen drawing is a method that allows simple, inexpensive, and intuitive two-dimensional (2D) fabrication. To integrate such advantages of pen drawing in fabricating 3D objects, we developed a 3D fabrication technology that can directly transform pen-drawn 2D precursors into 3D geometries. 2D-to-3D transformation of pen drawings is facilitated by surface tension–driven capillary peeling and floating of dried ink film when the drawing is dipped into an aqueous monomer solution. Selective control of the floating and anchoring parts of a 2D precursor allowed the 2D drawing to transform into the designed 3D structure. The transformed 3D geometry can then be fixed by structural reinforcement using surface-initiated polymerization. By transforming simple pen-drawn 2D structures into complex 3D structures, our approach enables freestyle rapid prototyping via pen drawing, as well as mass production of 3D objects via roll-to-roll processing.

scholarly journals Animatronic soft robots by additive folding

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Yim ◽  
C Sung ◽  
S Miyashita ◽  
D Rus ◽  
S Kim
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Soft Robots ◽  
Design Algorithm ◽  
New Class ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
3D Assembly

This paper presents a new class of animatronic soft robots created by a desktop fabrication mechanism called additive folding. In this method, two-dimensional (2D) slices are threaded by multiple strings, accordion-folded by flexure hinges and finally stacked into a predefined three-dimensional (3D) structure. As the 3D assembly of the slices is controlled by embedded strings, it becomes an animatronic soft robot that moves like a biological creature and that shows life-like movements. We create a computational design algorithm that takes as input a desired 3D geometry of the robot, and that produces a 2D surface with built-in folds and string-based actuators. This paper describes the entire robot design process and demonstrates various animatronic motions, highlighting the vision of desktop fabrication technology and its potential applications in animatronics and robotic art.

Three-Dimensional Information Retrieval (3DIR)

2018 ◽  
pp. 1016-1029
Author(s):  
Peter Demian ◽  
Kirti Ruikar ◽  
Tarun Sahu ◽  
Anne Morris
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Topological Relationships ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Other Information

An increasing amount of information is packed into BIMs, with the 3D geometry serving as a central index leading to other information. The 3DIR project investigates information retrieval from such environments. Here, the 3D visualization can be exploited when formulating queries, computing the relevance of information items, or visualizing search results. The need for such a system was specified using workshops with end users. A prototype was built on a commercial BIM platform. Following an evaluation, the system was enhanced to exploit model topology. Relationships between 3D objects are used to widen the search, whereby relevant information items linked to a related 3D object (rather than linked directly to objects selected by the user) are still retrieved but ranked lower. An evaluation of the enhanced prototype demonstrates its effectiveness but highlights its added complexity. Care needs to be taken when exploiting topological relationships, but that a tight coupling between text-based retrieval and the 3D model is generally effective in information retrieval from BIMs.

Comparison of the influence of 2D and 3D geometry of the main chamber on plasma parameters in the SOL of ASDEX Upgrade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Bock ◽  
Dominik Brida ◽  
Michael Faitsch ◽  
Klaus Schmid ◽  
Tilmann Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Neutral Particle ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Main Chamber ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Particle Distributions ◽  
Low Field ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Wall Geometry

Abstract In this paper the influence of toroidally asymmetric wall features on plasma solutions for ASDEX Upgrade is investigated by using the 3D scrape-off-layer simulation code EMC3-EIRENE. A comparison of simulation results in a 2D case with a toroidally symmetric first wall and divertor and a 3D case that differs from the 2D setup by including the 3D structure of the poloidal rib-limiters on the low field side of ASDEX Upgrade, highlights notable differences in the main chamber neutral particle distributions, ionisation sources and plasma flow patterns. Both neutral particle distribution and ionisation sources extend poloidally further upwards at the outer mid-plane in the 3D case and the plasma flow is globally influenced by the 3D wall features. Both simulations are conducted with identical input parameters to isolate the influence of wall geometry from other factors. By analysing the transport of neutrals from different poloidal locations it was possible to explain the observed discrepancies by different transport paths for recycled neutrals from the divertor region, only accessible in the 3D version of the wall geometry. Together with observed differences in fall-off lengths for plasma flow and electron temperature at the outer mid-plane, presented results are of key importance for interpreting global impurity migration experiments.

scholarly journals RNA structure prediction: from 2D to 3D

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard C. Thiel ◽  
Christoph Flamm ◽  
Ivo L. Hofacker
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Rna Structure Prediction ◽  
2D Structure ◽  
3D Structure Prediction ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
2D To 3D

We summarize different levels of RNA structure prediction, from classical 2D structure to extended secondary structure and motif-based research toward 3D structure prediction of RNA. We outline the importance of classical secondary structure during all those levels of structure prediction.

scholarly journals Development of 3D-Structure Fabrication Technology for Terahertz Optics Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Kuniaki KONISHI ◽  
Haruyuki SAKURAI ◽  
Junji YUMOTO ◽  
Makoto KUWATA-GONOKAMI
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Terahertz Optics

2D quasi-planar or 3D structures? A comparison between CrBn(n = 2 − 10) wheel-like clusters and their corresponding 3D pyramidal clusters, and their hydrogen storage capability

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (24) ◽  
pp. 1550172 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Planar Geometry ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Cluster Interaction ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Stable Structures

In this study, we investigated stable structures for a transition metal atom–boron (CrB) wheel-like clusters and compared them with their corresponding 3D counterparts by means of density functional theory (DFT). In addition, hydrogen storage capability of the wheel-like system was investigated. All simulations were performed at the B3LYP/TZVP level of theory. We set out a complete route to the formation of CrB wheel-like clusters. Our results showed that, some of the clusters, investigated in this work (CrBn; n = 4, 6, 7, 8), either prefer to be in a 3D geometry rather than 2D quasi-planar or planar geometry. However, hydrogen doping has an interesting effect on both 2D quasi-planar and 3D geometries of this system. Simply it transforms the 3D structure, first, into a 2D quasi-planar, then a planar geometry. Furthermore, our results show that H–cluster interaction is too high for reversible hydrogen storage for these clusters.

scholarly journals From 2D to 3D: enhanced access to human conscious awareness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liad Mudrik ◽  
Uri Korisky
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
2D Images ◽  
2D To 3D

Most of our interactions with our environment involve manipulating real, 3D objects. Accordingly, 3D objects seem to enjoy preferential processing compared with 2D images, for example in capturing attention or being better remembered. But are they also more readily perceived? Thus far, the possible preferred access of real, 3D objects to awareness could not be empirically tested, as suppression was only applied to on-screen stimuli; Here, using a variant of Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS) with augmented reality goggles (“real-life” CFS), we managed to suppress both real, 3D objects and their 2D representations. In healthy young adults, real objects escaped suppression faster than their photographs. Using 3D printing, we also showed that this only holds for meaningful objects, while no difference was found for meaningless, novel ones. This suggests that the effect is uniquely mediated by affordances, shown here to be evoked by 3D objects even before these emerge to awareness.

scholarly journals OPACITY-BASED EDGE HIGHLIGHTING FOR TRANSPARENT VISUALIZATION OF 3D SCANNED POINT CLOUDS

2020 ◽  
Vol V-2-2020 ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
K. Kawakami ◽  
K. Hasegawa ◽  
L. Li ◽  
H. Nagata ◽  
M. Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
High Quality ◽  
3D Images ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Scale Point

Abstract. The recent development of 3D scanning technologies has made it possible to quickly and accurately record various 3D objects in the real world. The 3D scanned data take the form of large-scale point clouds, which describe complex 3D structures of the target objects and the surrounding scenes. The complexity becomes significant in cases that a scanned object has internal 3D structures, and the acquired point cloud is created by merging the scanning results of both the interior and surface shapes. To observe the whole 3D structure of such complex point-based objects, the point-based transparent visualization, which we recently proposed, is useful because we can observe the internal 3D structures as well as the surface shapes based on high-quality see-through 3D images. However, transparent visualization sometimes shows us too much information so that the generated images become confusing. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose to combine “edge highlighting” with transparent visualization. This combination makes the created see-through images quite understandable because we can highlight the 3D edges of visualized shapes as high-curvature areas. In addition, to make the combination more effective, we propose a new edge highlighting method applicable to 3D scanned point clouds. We call the method “opacity-based edge highlighting,” which appropriately utilizes the effect of transparency to make the 3D edge regions look clearer. The proposed method works well for both sharp (high-curvature) and soft (low-curvature) 3D edges. We show several experiments that demonstrate our method’s effectiveness by using real 3D scanned point clouds.

scholarly journals Cyborg Organoids: Implantation of Nanoelectronics via Organogenesis for Tissue-Wide Electrophysiology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Kewang Nan ◽  
Paul Le Floch ◽  
Zuwan Lin ◽  
Hao Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
3D Assembly ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
2D To 3D

ABSTRACTTissue-wide electrophysiology with single-cell and millisecond spatiotemporal resolution is critical for heart and brain studies, yet issues arise from invasive, localized implantation of electronics that destructs the well-connected cellular networks within matured organs. Here, we report the creation of cyborg organoids: the three-dimensional (3D) assembly of soft, stretchable mesh nanoelectronics across the entire organoid by cell-cell attraction forces from 2D-to-3D tissue reconfiguration during organogenesis. We demonstrate that stretchable mesh nanoelectronics can grow into and migrate with the initial 2D cell layers to form the 3D structure with minimal interruptions to tissue growth and differentiation. The intimate contact of nanoelectronics to cells enables us to chronically and systematically observe the evolution, propagation and synchronization of the bursting dynamics in human cardiac organoids through their entire organogenesis.

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