Role of Aggression in Human Adaptation

Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 174 (4008) ◽  
pp. 526-526
Keyword(s):  
Human Adaptation

scholarly journals The role of nitrogen oxides in human adaptation to hypoxia

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny Z. Levett ◽  
◽  
Bernadette O. Fernandez ◽  
Heather L. Riley ◽  
Daniel S. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Adaptation To Hypoxia ◽  
Human Adaptation

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF OLDER PEOPLE IN POLAND – SELECTED ISSUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Tomasz Różański
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Human Adaptation

This article is devoted to the issues of educational activity of the elderly in Poland. Defining the term “old age” and drawing attention to the issue of human adaptation to old age were the starting points of the discussion. Next, the most important issues concerning the activity of seniors were raised. Further discussed were the conditions and objectives of the educational activity of older people. An attention was also drawn to the role of institutions, promoting education and culture, in supporting the development of seniors. Moreover, the article refers to the results of selected studies of the issues discussed.  

scholarly journals The Role of Geography in Human Adaptation

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Coop ◽  
Joseph K. Pickrell ◽  
John Novembre ◽  
Sridhar Kudaravalli ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Adaptation

scholarly journals Population genetic diversity of the NAT2 gene supports a role of acetylation in human adaptation to farming in Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Magalon ◽  
Etienne Patin ◽  
Frédéric Austerlitz ◽  
Tatyana Hegay ◽  
Almaz Aldashev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nat2 Gene

Timescales of human adaptation: the role of epigenetic processes

Epigenomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W Kuzawa ◽  
Zaneta M Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

scholarly journals The Role of Nonshivering Thermogenesis Genes on Leptin Levels Regulation in Residents of the Coldest Region of Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4657
Author(s):  
Alena A. Nikanorova ◽  
Nikolay A. Barashkov ◽  
Vera G. Pshennikova ◽  
Sergey S. Nakhodkin ◽  
Nyurgun N. Gotovtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The North ◽  
Selection For

Leptin plays an important role in thermoregulation and is possibly associated with the microevolutionary processes of human adaptation to a cold climate. In this study, based on the Yakut population (n = 281 individuals) living in the coldest region of Siberia (t°minimum −71.2 °C), we analyze the serum leptin levels and data of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 10 genes (UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, FNDC5, PPARGC1A, CIDEA, PTGS2, TRPV1, LEPR, BDNF) that are possibly involved in nonshivering thermogenesis processes. Our results demonstrate that from 14 studied SNPs of 10 genes, 2 SNPs (the TT rs3811787 genotype of the UCP1 gene and the GG rs6265 genotype of the BDNF gene) were associated with the elevated leptin levels in Yakut females (p < 0.05). Furthermore, of these two SNPs, the rs3811787 of the UCP1 gene demonstrated more indications of natural selection for cold climate adaptation. The prevalence gradient of the T-allele (rs3811787) of UCP1 increased from the south to the north across Eurasia, along the shore of the Arctic Ocean. Thereby, our study suggests the potential involvement of the UCP1 gene in the leptin-mediated thermoregulation mechanism, while the distribution of its allelic variants is probably related to human adaptation to a cold climate.

scholarly journals The Scapegoat Mechanism in Human Evolution: An Analysis of René Girard’s Hypothesis on the Process of Hominization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vincent Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Intragroup Conflict ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Hominin Evolution ◽  
Group Stability ◽  
Scapegoat Mechanism

AbstractAccording to anthropological philosopher René Girard (1923–2015), an important human adaptation is our propensity to victimize or scapegoat. He argued that other traits upon which human sociality depends would have destabilized primate dominance-based social hierarchies, making conspecific conflict a limiting factor in hominin evolution. He surmised that a novel mechanism for inhibiting intragroup conflict must have emerged contemporaneously with our social traits, and speculated that this was the tendency to spontaneously unite around the victimization of single individuals. He described an unconscious tendency to both ascribe blame and to imbue the accused with a sacred mystique. This emotionally cathartic scapegoat mechanism, he claimed, enhanced social cohesion, and was the origin of religion, mythology, sacrifice, ritual, cultural institutions, and social norms. It would have functioned by modifying the beliefs and behaviors of the group, rather than of the accused, making the act of accusation more important than the substance. This article aims to examine the empirical evidence for Girard’s claims, and argues that the scapegoat hypothesis has commonalities with several other evolutionary hypotheses, including Wrangham’s execution hypothesis on self-domestication, Dunbar’s hypothesis on the role of storytelling in maintaining group stability, and DeScioli and Kurzban’s hypothesis on the role of non-consequentialist morality in curtailing conflict. Potential implications of the scapegoat hypothesis for evolutionary psychology and psychiatry are discussed.

scholarly journals Specific aspects of globalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svatoš
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Problems

The decisive role of globalization processes and development tendencies has many positive and negative effects in economic (foreign-trade), environmental, and (bio) technological areas. From the evolution point of view still very successful human adaptation strategy hit the basic limit given by the capacity of the Earth biosphere. The evolution determinants of human society and their economic or technological activities manifesting themselves by global problems can find way out of sustainable development. The application of the so-called preventive principle represents a great dilemma.

scholarly journals ABCG2: the molecular mechanisms of urate secretion and gout

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (6) ◽  
pp. F485-F488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen M. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
High Uric Acid ◽  
Present Role

The human propensity for high levels of serum uric acid (SUA) is a trait that has defied explanation. Is it beneficial? Is it pathogenic? Its role in the human diseases like gout and kidney stones was discovered over a century ago [Richette P, Bardin T. Lancet 375: 318–328, 2010; Rivard C, Thomas J, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. Rheumatology (Oxford) 52: 421–426, 2013], but today emerging new genetic and epidemiological techniques have revived an age-old debate over whether high uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) independently increase risk for diseases like hypertension and chronic kidney disease [Feig DI. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 14: 346–352, 2012; Feig DI, Madero M, Jalal DI, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ. J Pediatr 162: 896–902, 2013; Feig DI, Soletsky B, Johnson RJ. JAMA 300: 924–932, 2008; Wang J, Qin T, Chen J, Li Y, Wang L, Huang H, Li J. PLoS One 9: e114259, 2014; Zhu P, Liu Y, Han L, Xu G, Ran JM. PLoS One 9: e100801, 2014]. Part of the mystery of the role uric acid plays in human health stems from our lack of understanding of how humans regulate uric acid homeostasis, an understanding that could shed light on the historic role of uric acid in human adaptation and its present role in human pathogenesis. This review will highlight the recent work to identify the first important human uric acid secretory transporter, ABCG2, and the identification of a common causal ABCG2 variant, Q141K, for hyperuricemia and gout.

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