A ferrobotic system for automated microfluidic logistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (39) ◽  
pp. eaba4411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhuo Yu ◽  
Haisong Lin ◽  
Yilian Wang ◽  
Xu He ◽  
Nathan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
System Level ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Active Matrix ◽  
Automated Assay ◽  
Collaborative Logistics ◽  
Warehousing And Distribution ◽  
Shared Objective ◽  
Functional Components

Automated technologies that can perform massively parallelized and sequential fluidic operations at small length scales can resolve major bottlenecks encountered in various fields, including medical diagnostics, -omics, drug development, and chemical/material synthesis. Inspired by the transformational impact of automated guided vehicle systems on manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution industries, we devised a ferrobotic system that uses a network of individually addressable robots, each performing designated micro-/nanofluid manipulation-based tasks in cooperation with other robots toward a shared objective. The underlying robotic mechanism facilitating fluidic operations was realized by addressable electromagnetic actuation of miniature mobile magnets that exert localized magnetic body forces on aqueous droplets filled with biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. The contactless and high-strength nature of the actuation mechanism inherently renders it rapid (~10 centimeters/second), repeatable (>10,000 cycles), and robust (>24 hours). The robustness and individual addressability of ferrobots provide a foundation for the deployment of a network of ferrobots to carry out cross-collaborative logistics efficiently. These traits, together with the reconfigurability of the system, were exploited to devise and integrate passive/active advanced functional components (e.g., droplet dispensing, generation, filtering, and merging), enabling versatile system-level functionalities. By applying this ferrobotic system within the framework of a microfluidic architecture, the ferrobots were tasked to work cross-collaboratively toward the quantification of active matrix metallopeptidases (a biomarker for cancer malignancy and inflammation) in human plasma, where various functionalities converged to achieve a fully automated assay.

scholarly journals Micromechanical Modelling of the Cyclic Deformation Behavior of Martensitic SAE 4150—A Comparison of Different Kinematic Hardening Models

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schäfer ◽  
Xiaochen Song ◽  
Petra Sonnweber-Ribic ◽  
Hamad ul Hassan ◽  
Alexander Hartmaier
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
System Level ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Hardening Models ◽  
Mean Stress Relaxation

A fundamental prerequisite for the micromechanical simulation of fatigue is the appropriate modelling of the effective cyclic properties of the considered material. Therefore, kinematic hardening formulations on the slip system level are of crucial importance due to their fundamental relevance in cyclic material modelling. The focus of this study is the comparison of three different kinematic hardening models (Armstrong Frederick, Chaboche, and Ohno–Wang). In this work, investigations are performed on the modelling and prediction of the cyclic stress-strain behavior of the martensitic high-strength steel SAE 4150 for two different total strain ratios (R ε = −1 and R ε = 0). In the first step, a three-dimensional martensitic microstructure model is developed by using multiscale Voronoi tessellations. Based on this martensitic representative volume element, micromechanical simulations are performed by a crystal plasticity finite element model. For the constitutive model calibration, a new multi-objective calibration procedure incorporating a sensitivity analysis as well as an evolutionary algorithm is presented. The numerical results of different kinematic hardening models are compared to experimental data with respect to the appropriate modelling of the Bauschinger effect and the mean stress relaxation behavior at R ε = 0. It is concluded that the Ohno–Wang model is superior to the Armstrong Frederick and Chaboche kinematic hardening model at R ε = −1 as well as at R ε = 0.

Wireless Charging of a Supercapacitor Model Vehicle Using Magnetic Resonance Coupling

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minfan Fu ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Chengbin Ma ◽  
Xinen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
System Level ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Position Detection ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Coupling ◽  
Resonance Coupling ◽  
Functional Components

This paper discusses the basic considerations and development of a prototype demo system for the wireless charging of supercapacitor electric vehicles, which uses magnetic resonance coupling. Considering future ubiquitous wireless vehicle stationary and dynamic charging facilities, supercapacitor could be an ideal device to store a reasonable amount of electrical energy for a relatively short period of time. The prototype system includes all the major functional components for an electric vehicle’s powertrain and wireless charging system including coils for energy emitting and receiving, a FPGA PWM input generation board, high frequency DC/AC inverter and AC/DC rectifier circuits, an on-board supercapacitor module, sensors for SOC level measurement and charging position detection, etc. All the components are integrated into a model electric vehicle. The prototype system well demonstrates the idea of the fast and frequent wireless charging of on-board supercapacitors. Promising results from initial experiments are explained; while further investigations, optimized design of components and a system-level optimization are needed.

scholarly journals Engineered Electrospun Polyurethane Composite Patch Combined with Bi-functional Components Rendering High Strength for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Mani ◽  
Saravana Jaganathan ◽  
Ahmad Faudzi ◽  
Mohd Sunar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cellular Toxicity ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Basil Oil ◽  
Functional Components

Cardiovascular application of nanomaterial’s is of increasing demand and its usage is limited by its mechanical and blood compatible properties. In this work, an attempt is made to develop an electrospun novel nanocomposite loaded with basil oil and titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles. The composite material displayed increase in hydrophobic and reduced fiber diameter compared to the pristine polymer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed the interaction of the pristine polymer with the added substances. Thermal analysis showed the increased onset degradation, whereas the mechanical testing portrayed the increased tensile strength of the composites. Finally, the composite delayed the coagulation times and also rendered safe environment for red blood cells signifying its suitability to be used in contact with blood. Strikingly, the cellular toxicity of the developed composite was lower than the pristine polymer suggesting its compatible nature with the surrounding tissues. With these promising characteristics, developed material with enhanced physicochemical properties and blood compatibility can be successfully utilized for cardiac tissue applications.

scholarly journals Graphene oxide/mussel foot protein composites for high-strength and ultra-tough thin films

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kim ◽  
Xuyan Qin ◽  
James B. Qiao ◽  
Qingqing Zeng ◽  
John D. Fortner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Strategy ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Facile Fabrication ◽  
Mussel Foot Protein ◽  
Film Composites

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO)-based composite materials have become widely popular in many applications due to the attractive properties of GO, such as high strength and high electrical conductivity at the nanoscale. Most current GO composites use organic polymer as the matrix material and thus, their synthesis suffers from the use of organic solvents or surfactants, which raise environmental and energy-consumption concerns. Inspired by mussel foot proteins (Mfp) secreted by the saltwater mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis and by recent advances in microbial protein production, we developed an aqueous-based green synthesis strategy for preparing GO/Mfp film composites. These GO/Mfp films display high tensile strength (134–158 MPa), stretchability (~ 26% elongation), and high toughness (20–24 MJ/m3), beyond the capabilities of many existing GO composites. Renewable production of Mfp proteins and the facile fabrication process described provides a new avenue for composite material synthesis, while the unique combination of mechanical properties of GO/Mfp films will be attractive for a range of applications.

Experimental Investigation of Springback Variation in Forming of High Strength Steels

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Muammer Koç ◽  
Michael L. Wenner
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Friction Condition ◽  
System Level ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Blank Holder ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Aluminum And Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Springback Prediction

The use of high strength steels (HSSs) in automotive body structures is a prominent method of reducing vehicle weight as an alternative to use of aluminum and magnesium alloys. However, parts made of HSSs demonstrate more springback than parts made of mild steels do. Moreover, variations in the incoming material, friction, and other process conditions cause variations in the springback characteristics, which prevent the practical applicability of the springback prediction and compensation techniques. Consequently, it leads to amplified variations and quality issues during assembly of the stamped components. The objective of this study is to investigate and gain an understanding of the variation of springback in the forming of HSSs. Two sets of experiments were conducted to analyze the influence of the material property (dual-phase steels from different suppliers), lubrication, and blank holder pressure on the springback variation. The experimental results showed that the variation in the incoming blank material is the most important factor. In summary, the thicker the blank is, the less the springback variation. On the other hand, blanks without a coating show less springback variation. The application of lubricant helps us to reduce springback variation, although it actually increases the springback itself. The more uniform the friction condition, the less the springback variation. The influence of blank holder pressure on the springback variation is not distinguishable from the system-level noise in our experiment.

Strength Evaluation of Joint Formed by Powder Injection Molding

2010 ◽  
Vol 447-448 ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Su Xia Zhang ◽  
Qing Fa Li ◽  
Siew Fei Pook ◽  
Zi Yan Amanda Ong
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Powder Injection Molding ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Functional Components

Powder injection molding technology is currently applied to the joining processes to produce multi-functional components. In this paper, the strength of the joint of green and sintered samples produced by powder injection molding was evaluated using four-point bending test. The microstructures of the green samples showed that a very good joint was formed by the re-melting of the first injection molded half part followed by a high pressure compacting in the second injection molding. The strength of joined green samples was almost equal to the reference green samples without joining. The microstructures and flexure strength of sintered joined samples, which was more than 90% of base materials, showed that the good joining was maintained after sintering. This high strength sintered joint was an integrative result of powder injection molding and sintering diffusion. The crack observed at the sample surface accounted for the slight drop of the strength.

New Process Strategies to Manufacture Tailored Blanks out of DP600 by Orbital Forming

2015 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Hildenbrand ◽  
Robert Schulte ◽  
Marion Merklein
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Bulk Forming ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Tailored Blanks ◽  
Orbital Forming ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Functional Components

The application of bulk forming operations on sheet metal enables the manufacture of functional components with local wall thickness variations. Using process adapted semi-finished parts with a local material pre-distribution and strain hardening in these processes leads to an increased forming of the functional components. In addition material efficiency is improved. Transferring the positive results acquired with mild deep-drawing steel to high-strength steel tailored blanks enables new possibilities for lightweight design. Given challenges in the manufacture of tailored blanks out of DP600 that reach the same geometry as the ones made of mild deep-drawing steel will be presented in this paper. Furthermore possible ways to overcome them by means of adjusted orbital forming will be presented.

scholarly journals ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРОГРАМНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ «SVBI-PRO» ДЛЯ ОБСТЕЖЕНЬ ОСІБ МОЛОДОГО ВІКУ У НЕВРОЛОГІЧНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ

2018 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Наталія Олександрівна Некрасова ◽  
Ірина Анатоліївна Григорова ◽  
Олена Леонідівна Товажнянська ◽  
Володимир Васильович Третяк ◽  
Олександр Дмитрович Некрасов
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Young Age ◽  
System Level ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Program Complex ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Different Levels

A program complex is oriented for the examination of the persons of young age with the lesion of blood circulation in vertebra-basilar system. On the basis of researches the main features of the vasculat insufficiency, and proper lesions of basic functions of vascular wall were revealed, with the subsequent algorithm development directed to the groups of risk definition. The program allows to conduct complex assessment of state of health of patient, on the different levels with the subsequent determination of the proper criteria of medical treatment. A program complex is intended for conducting of medical diagnostics. Taking into account it can be applied for the selection of persons of young age for the more detailed examination and management of medicare. On the first stage, the assessment of present subjective and objective neurological signs with the usage of algorithm and special visual-analog scale was done; thus coefficients are calculated automatically, bringing the data to the screen form of the program. Obtained results allow in the real-time mode to determine the risk of vertebra-basilar insufficiency development in the concrete patient or, in the case of mass scrining, to get a list of patients. The efficiency of program by the inversion method on 136 patients of young age was done. The determination of base group of risk consists from forming of number range, which a patient gets on the basis of primary neurological review and questioning. A patient is added to the standardizing form of questioning and review with the regulated quantity of points. The conducting of expert estimation has complete informative picture, as a result of links between different levels of organism state. Resulted screen form of above all menu of complex, which consists of the following pages: computation of group of risk of patient, entrance data of researches, results and computations. Patient with definite base by the initial group of risk depending on the results, got at passing of additional methods of inspection, gets the marks, which in the most complete measure display the state of health on between system level. A range of distributing of patients after the final groups of risk is determined on the basis of count of sum of marks, which can be got by patient during conducting of additional methods of inspection.

Characterization of the Bonded Connection in Hybrid-Steel-GFRP-Laminates

2017 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Busch ◽  
Robert Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Hybrid Laminates ◽  
Functional Components

Intrinsic hybrid laminates are well established since many years in aerospace engineering, e.g. Glass Laminate Aluminium Reinforced Epoxy (GLARE) is widely used as a substitute for aluminium sheets of the outer shell of modern aircrafts. The reduction of density and an increased stiffness by compounding glass fiber and aluminium makes GLARE advantageous. Driven by environmental protection acts and the need for lightweight design material compounds attract more awareness in the automotive engineering as well. Functional components like chassis springs are well predestined for the application of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP). Therefore, an intrinsic hybrid made up by GFRP and a high strength steel has recently been developed and characterized. This investigation sets the focus on the interface between GFRP and steel. Double cantilever beam tests (mode I) and shear tests (mode II) are conducted in order to measure the energy release rate and the shear strength of the considered interface. A variety of surface treatments of steel layer has been characterized by this approach. The results show up that good adhesion can be achieved by silane and titanium dioxide primers, however, the variation within the data is significantly higher than for other surface treatment variants. Furthermore, the increase of the energy release rate by fiber bridging effects is considered as well and an approach for its quantitative description by a power law is presented.

scholarly journals A New Strategy for Manufacturing Tailored Blanks by a Flexible Rolling Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Hildenbrand ◽  
Michael Lechner ◽  
Marion Merklein
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Flexible Rolling ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Tailored Blanks ◽  
First Results ◽  
Process Strategy ◽  
Functional Components

Applying bulk forming processes on sheet metals enables the manufacturing of functional components with local wall thickness distributions. Using tailored blanks improves the forming of the functional components and increases the material efficiency. One process for manufacturing tailored blanks with defined sheet thickness distributions is a flexible rolling process. However, this process requires a complex process strategy. Additionally, tailored blanks out of high-strength steels from this process have failed in subsequent forming. Thus, a new rolling concept with a defined shaping of the material into a die cavity has been developed. This new concept requires the development of a new process strategy. In this paper, the general qualification and first results of the new concept are presented.

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