Hydrological response of Mediterranean gorse shrubland under extreme rainfall simulation event

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
José Carlos González-Hidalgo ◽  
Martín De Luís ◽  
Josep Raventós ◽  
Jordi Cortina ◽  
Juán Rafael Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Hydrological Response

Fire and torrential rainfall: effects on seedling establishment in Mediterranean gorse shrublands

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín de Luís ◽  
José Raventós ◽  
Josí C. González-Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Torrential Rainfall

Soil degradation and desertification are key problems facing Mediterranean ecosystems and these have worsened recently with the increasing frequency of fires. Moreover, rainfall in western Mediterranean areas is characterized by high intensity, and extreme rainfall events after fire strongly affect the equilibrium between soil erosion and vegetation recovery. These facts led us to carry out experimental fires in a fire-prone vegetation community (dominated by Mediterranean gorse, Ulex parviflorus Pourr.) to study the effect of a torrential rainfall event (through rainfall simulation) on the short-term vegetation regeneration process (seedling emergence and survival). The results indicate that, in Mediterranean gorse shrublands after fire, an extreme precipitation event does not affect seedling emergence (either through seed loss or from seed germination). In contrast, it has a significant effect on the reduction of seedling survival both from direct impact (seedlings buried by sediment or seedlings totally or partially unearthed) and indirectly as a result of soil and litter losses. As a consequence, the combination of fire and torrential rainfall has an important and persistent effect on vegetation recovery, and may cause further degradation, which eventually becomes irreversible.

scholarly journals Effects of Rainfall Duration on Hydrological Response of Field Plots under Rainfall Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Azadeh Katebikord ◽  
Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan ◽  
Seyed Jalil Alavi ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Field Plots

scholarly journals Potential Benefits of Polymers in Soil Erosion Control for Agronomical Plans: A Laboratory Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugrul Yakupoglu ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Artemi Cerdà
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Runoff Sediment

New management and techniques to reduce soil and water losses are necessary to achieve goals related to sustainability and develop useful agronomical plans. Among the strategies to reduce soil losses, the use of polymers has been studied but little is known about the effect of them on soil aggregates under extreme rainfall conditions. The main aim of this study was to compare the effects of polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on initial soil erosion process activation. We applied both products on soils and soil aggregate stability was measured on polymer treated and control plots. Laboratory erosion plots (pans) were placed on 15% slope, and sequential simulated rainfalls (under dry and wet conditions) with 360 mm h−1 intensity were applied for 12 min. Time to runoff, total runoff, runoff sediment yield, and splash sediment yield were determined. The results show that polymers do not delay runoff initiation; however, they reduced total runoff, sediment yield, and soil transported by the splash. PVA was not effective in reducing the total runoff during the first rainfall being PAM more effective in this way. However, under the sequential rainfall, both polymers obtained positive results, showing PAM some improvements in comparison to PVA. The effect of the polymer to reduce soil transported by splash after performing the second rainfall simulation was clearly demonstrated, meanwhile the effects during the first simulation were not significant. The effectiveness of the polymers on soil aggregates increased with increasing aggregate size. The application of polymers reached the highest efficiency on aggregates of 6.4 mm in diameter.

scholarly journals Soil Management and Slope Impacts on Soil Properties, Hydrological Response, and Erosion in Hazelnut Orchard

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Josip Telak ◽  
Ivan Dugan ◽  
Igor Bogunovic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
Intensively Managed

Proper soil management is crucial to mitigate soil degradation. Hazelnut orchards are often raised on slopes and intensively managed, which makes them similar to the already defined highly erodible land uses like vineyards. This research aims to assess the impacts of soil management and the slope on the soil properties, hydrological response, and erosion in the hazelnut orchard. At eastern Croatia on Cambisols, four treatments were chosen, representing two soil managements in the study area (herbicide and mulched) on two different slope inclinations (high ~9° and low ~4.5°), for rainfall simulation experiments and soil sampling. The herbicide treatments on both slopes removed soil cover and reduced (p < 0.05) soil organic matter, mean weight diameter, and water-stable aggregates. Mulched treatments recorded a lower (p < 0.05) bulk density. These soil properties affected soil hydrological response, as the reduction of infiltration in herbicide plots lead to higher water and sediment losses. The higher slope increased erosion in herbicide soil to over 2.2 t ha−1. Mulching was shown as a superior practice as it enhances soil properties and reduces soil erosion, even reducing the effect of the higher slope on erosional processes.

scholarly journals Combing Random Forest and Least Square Support Vector Regression for Improving Extreme Rainfall Downscaling

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Pham ◽  
Tao-Chang Yang ◽  
Chen-Min Kuo ◽  
Hung-Wei Tseng ◽  
Pao-Shan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Support Vector Regression ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
State Classification

A statistical downscaling approach for improving extreme rainfall simulation was proposed to predict the daily rainfalls at Shih-Men Reservoir catchment in northern Taiwan. The structure of the proposed downscaling approach is composed of two parts: the rainfall-state classification and the regression for rainfall-amount prediction. Predictors of classification and regression methods were selected from the large-scale climate variables of the NCEP reanalysis data based on statistical tests. The data during 1964–1999 and 2000–2013 were used for calibration and validation, respectively. Three classification methods, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), random forest (RF), and support vector classification (SVC), were adopted for rainfall-state classification and their performances were compared. After rainfall-state classification, the least square support vector regression (LS-SVR) was used for rainfall-amount prediction for different rainfall states. Two rainfall states (i.e., dry day and wet day) and three rainfall states (dry day, non-extreme-rainfall day, and extreme-rainfall day) were defined and compared for judging their downscaling performances. The results show that RF outperforms LDA and SVC for rainfall-state classification. Using RF for three-rainfall-states classification and LS-SVR for rainfall-amount prediction can improve the extreme rainfall downscaling.

scholarly journals A Coupled Numerical Investigation of the Cape Fear River Basin during Hurricane Florence (2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxiao Yin ◽  
Z. George Xue ◽  
Daoyang Bao ◽  
Arezoo RafieeiNasab ◽  
Yongjie Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
Flood Response ◽  
Cape Fear River ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Flood Simulations ◽  
Peak Streamflow

In this study we adapted WRF-Hydro to the Cape Fear River basin (CFRB) to assess its performance during Hurricane Florence (2018). The model was first calibrated with a strategy of mixture of automatic and manual calibration during Florence and then evaluated with an independent hurricane event. With satisfactory NSE values (>0.4) achieved at all gages for hourly simulation, the model demonstrates its potential in simulating the flood response at both basin and sub-basin scale during hurricane events. The model’s capability in reproducing rainfall and properly translating it to hydrological response was further evaluated. The analysis suggests that the calibrated WRF-Hydro in combination with a series of WRF simulation using different microphysics schemes can provide reasonable flood simulations. The model reproduced peak streamflow observed at gage stations with acceptable errors in timing and amplitude. Meanwhile, positive(negative) bias in rainfall input is likely to be amplified (reduced) in streamflow forecast when simulated rainfall volume is larger than the “model true”. And the timing bias mostly inherited from rainfall simulation and calibration process.

scholarly journals Short-Term Impact of Tillage on Soil and the Hydrological Response within a Fig (Ficus Carica) Orchard in Croatia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3295
Author(s):  
Leon Josip Telak ◽  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Carla S. S. Ferreira ◽  
Vilim Filipovic ◽  
Lana Filipovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hydrological Responses ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Tillage is well known to have impacts on soil properties and hydrological responses. This work aims to study the short-term impacts of tillage (0–3 months) on soil and hydrological responses in fig orchards located in Croatia. Understanding the soil hydrological response in the study area is crucial for soil management due to frequent autumn floods. The hydrological response was investigated using rainfall simulation experiments (58 mm h−1, for 30 min, over 0.785 m2 plots). The results show that the bulk density was significantly higher 3 months after tillage than at 0 and 1 months. The water holding capacity and amount of soil organic matter decreased with time. The water runoff and phosphorous loss (P loss) increased over time. The sediment concentration (SC) was significantly higher 3 months after tillage than in the previous monitoring periods, while sediment loss (SL) and carbon loss (C loss) were significantly lower 0 months after tillage than 3 months after tillage. Overall, there was an increase in soil erodibility with time (high SC, SL, C loss, and P loss), attributed to the precipitation patterns that increase the soil water content and therefore the hydrological response. Therefore, sustainable agricultural practices are needed to avoid sediment translocation and to mitigate floods and land degradation.

scholarly journals Evaluating intense precipitation in high-resolution numerical model over a tropical island: impact of model horizontal resolution

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 999-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yu ◽  
C. Barthe ◽  
M. Plu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Cold Pool ◽  
Land Breeze ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Grid Spacing ◽  
Tropical Island

Abstract. A test of sensitivity to the model grid spacing for extreme rainfall simulation is carried out for the tropical island of La Réunion, which holds several world records of precipitation. An extreme rain event occurring during the moist season in 2011 is selected to study the numerical model behavior at four horizontal resolutions: 4 km, 2 km, 1 km and 500 m. The assessment based on raingauge network shows that the performance of daily rain simulation increases as reducing the model grid spacing from 4 km to 1 km. The spatial variability of 24 h rainfall is well captured by the simulation at 1 km and 500 m resolution. However, refining the resolution from 1 km to 500 m has little impact on the model performance compared to the 1 km run. Diagnosis analysis and numerical experiment reveal that only the 1 km and 500 m grid spacings are able to simulate a cold pool located near the coastal area of the island. This cold pool triggers the thermal lifting and creates convergence between the prevailing moist flow and offshore land breeze. The observed precipitation, air temperature and wind get good agreements with these simulated features. However, this cold pool is missed in the 4 km and 2 km simulations. Our study highlights the important role of air mixing with microphysical processes at 1 km scale in simulating such intense precipitations.

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