scholarly journals Emergence and Distribution of Plasmids Bearing the blaOXA-51-Like Gene with an Upstream ISAba1 in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates in Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 4575-4581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te-Li Chen ◽  
Yi-Tzu Lee ◽  
Shu-Chen Kuo ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
Feng-Yee Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Recombinant Plasmid ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Genomic Species ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The bla OXA-51-like gene with an upstream ISAba1 (ISAba1-bla OXA-51-like gene) was originally found on the chromosomes of carbapenem-resistant or -susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. However, a plasmid-borne ISAba1-bla OXA-51-like gene has recently been identified in Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU and several A. baumannii isolates in Taiwan, and all of the isolates are carbapenem resistant. This study aimed to characterize the plasmids bearing the ISAba1-bla OXA-51-like gene and their significance in A. baumannii. Among the 117 ISAba1-bla OXA-51-like-harboring isolates collected from 10 hospitals in Taiwan, 58 isolates (49.6%) from 24 clones had the genes located on plasmids that likely originated from a common progenitor. Among the 58 isolates, four had additional copy of the ISAba1-bla OXA-51-like gene on their chromosomes. Based on the analysis of these four isolates, the plasmid-located ISAba1-bla OXA-51-like gene appeared to be acquired via one-ended transposition (Tn6080). The isolates with a plasmid bearing the ISAba1-bla OXA-51-like gene had higher rates of resistance to imipenem (98% versus 46.6%; P < 0.001) and meropenem (98% versus 69%; P = 0.019) than those with the genes chromosomally encoded, which is most likely due to increased gene dosage provided by the higher copy number of associated plasmids. Transformation with a recombinant plasmid harboring only the ISAba1-bla OXA-51-like gene was enough to confer a high level of carbapenem resistance to A. baumannii, eliminating the possible contribution of other factors on the original plasmids. This study demonstrated that the carbapenem resistance-associated plasmids carrying the ISAba1-bla OXA-51-like gene are widespread in A. baumannii strains in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Emergence of Carbapenem-Resistant Non-baumannii Species of Acinetobacter Harboring ablaOXA-51-Like Gene That Is Intrinsic to A. baumannii

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 1124-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Tzu Lee ◽  
Shu-Chen Kuo ◽  
Mei-Chun Chiang ◽  
Su-Pen Yang ◽  
Chien-Pei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Genomic Species ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTTheblaOXA-51-like gene, originally intrinsic toAcinetobacter baumannii, had been detected in two clones ofAcinetobacter nosocomialisand one clone ofAcinetobactergenomic species “Close to 13TU.” TheseblaOXA-51-like genes, all preceded by ISAba1, were located on plasmids that might have originated withA. baumannii. The plasmid-borne ISAba1--blaOXA-51-like confers a high level of carbapenem resistance and affects the accuracy of usingblaOXA-51-like detection as a tool for differentiatingA. baumanniifrom otherAcinetobacterspecies.

scholarly journals Multicity Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Producing the Carbapenemase OXA-40

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2941-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lolans ◽  
Thomas W. Rice ◽  
L. Silvia Munoz-Price ◽  
John P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT During 2005 we detected a multicity outbreak of infections or colonization due to high-level imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC, 64 μg/ml). One hundred isolates from diverse sources were obtained from seven acute-care hospitals and two extended-care facilities; 97% of the isolates belonged to one clone. Susceptibility testing of the first 42 isolates (January to April 2005) revealed broad resistance profiles. Half of the isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, with many isolates susceptible only to colistin. The level of AmpC β-lactamase expression was stronger in isolates resistant to ceftazidime. PCR and subsequent nucleotide sequencing analysis identified bla OXA-40. The presence of an OXA-40 β-lactamase in these isolates correlated with the carbapenem resistance. By Southern blot analysis, a bla OXA-40-specific probe revealed that the gene was both plasmid and chromosomally located. This is the first time in the United States that such carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii has been attributable to a carbapenemase.

scholarly journals Co-infection of ST2IP carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with SARS-CoV-2 in the patients admitted to a Tehran tertiary referral hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Abdollahi ◽  
Amir Aliramezani ◽  
Mohammadreza Salehi ◽  
Mahsa Norouzi Shadehi ◽  
Sedighe Ghourchian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is among the most concerning cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) due to its high level of antibiotic resistance and high mortality. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the key priority of infection control committees is to contain the dissemination of antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we aimed to timely recognize the emergence of CRAB in COVID-19 cases admitted to the wards of a tertiary referral hospital and to identify the genetic relatedness of the isolates. Methods From 30 March to 30 May 2020, a total of 242 clinical samples from COVID-19 cases were screened for CRAB isolates using standard microbiologic and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The PCRs targeting oxa23, oxa24, oxa58, blaTEM and blaNDM-1 genes were performed. Two multiplex PCRs for identifying the global clones (GC) of A. baumannii were also performed. The sequence type of CRABs was determined using Institut Pasteur (IP) multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Results Eighteen CRAB isolates were recovered from COVID-19 patients with the mean age of 63.94 ± 13.8 years. All but 4 COVID-19 patients co-infected with CRAB were suffering from an underlying disease. Death was recorded as the outcome in ICUs for 9 (50%) COVID-19 patients co-infected with CRAB. The CRAB isolates belong to GC2 and ST2IP and carried the oxa23 carbapenem resistance gene. Conclusion This study demonstrated the co-infection of CRAB isolates and SARS-CoV-2 in the patients admitted to different ICUs at a referral hospital in Tehran. The CRAB isolates were found to belong to ST2IP, share the oxa23 gene and to have caused several outbreaks in the wards admitting COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Multicopy blaOXA-58 Gene as a Source of High-Level Resistance to Carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2324-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Bertini ◽  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Sandrine Bernabeu ◽  
Daniela Fortini ◽  
Laura Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Recombination Process ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Extra Copy ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT The mechanisms at the origin of heterogeneous carbapenem resistance levels observed among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected in 2005 in a large University Hospital of Rome, Italy, were investigated. These isolates were related and possessed similar plasmids carrying the carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase gene bla OXA-58 but showed variable levels of resistance to carbapenems. Analysis of sequences surrounding the bla OXA-58 gene showed genetic variability, with the presence in several isolates of multiple copies of the bla OXA-58 gene; this extra copy number was likely related to an IS26-mediated transposition or recombination process.

scholarly journals Types and Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii Complex in Northern Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Shyang Hsieh ◽  
Nai-Yu Wang ◽  
Jou-An Feng ◽  
Li-Chuan Weng ◽  
Hsueh-Hsia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii Complex ◽  
High Level ◽  
Northern Taiwan

ABSTRACTThe frequency of the carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii(CRACB) complex increases annually in our hospitals. However, the types and prevalence of carbapenemases among isolates still remain unclear. In this study, we identified and collected 672 carbapenem-resistant isolates from a medical center in Northern Taiwan between April and December of 2010. There were 577 genospecies 2 (Acinetobacter baumannii), 79 genospecies 13TU, and 16 genospecies 3 isolates. The isolates had an acquiredblaOXA-24-like gene, which was confirmed by sequencing for the encoded OXA-72 carbapenemase, and were often associated with high-level carbapenem resistance. These CRACB complex isolates remained susceptible to colistin (100%). The genotyping of isolates was conducted using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with ApaI digestion. In most clonally related groups, patients were from both branch hospitals. The results indicate that interhospital dissemination of clones occurred. This study provides updated data on the types and prevalence of the CRACB complex. In addition, it presents a warning on the emergence and spread of CRACB complex harboringblaOXA-24-like genes in northern Taiwan.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel De Paula Gollino ◽  
Bruna Machado Escobar ◽  
Ilson Dias da Silveira ◽  
Rosa Helena Robales Siqueira ◽  
Joseane Cristina Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Class D ◽  
Western Border ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
High Level

Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has reached extremely high levels worldwide and class D OXA-type carbapenemases are the main associated mechanism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and molecular profile of clinical carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAb) isolates from a southern Brazilian border region. A. baumannii species was identified by the presence of the blaOXA-51 gene and the susceptibility profile was determined by broth microdilution. The main carbapenemases were investigated by PCR and the typing of the CRAb isolates was performed by PFGE. During the study period, a total of 36 CRAb were recovered, 71.4% from respiratory tract samples from ICU patients. High level resistance to aminoglycosides and fluroquinolones were found in contrast to polymyxin B, for which all of CRAb were susceptible. The blaOXA-23 gene was present in 34 isolates and was the only one detected other than blaOXA-51. Molecular typing revealed the presence of four clonal strains, two of them endemic throughout the study period. To the best of our knowledge, our study brings the first data about resistance profile in Acinetobacter in the western border of south of Brazil and make aware of endemic clones of CRAb-producing-OXA-23 in this region of state, contributing for the construction of the national epidemiologic scenario of CRAb.

PREVALENCE OF CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII (CRAB) IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS (ICUS) OF JPMC, KARACHI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the research priorities of health organizations due to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Outbreaks of nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii (CRAB) strains are at rise worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance to carbapenems reduces clinical therapeutic choices and frequently led to treatment failure. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii isolated from patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, from December 2016 to November 2017. Total 63 non-repetitive A. baumannii were collected from the patients’ specimens, admitted to medical and surgical ICUs and wards of JPMC, Karachi. The bacterial isolates were processed according to standard microbiological procedures to observe for carbapenem resistance. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of the 63 patients, 40 (63.5%) were male. The age of the patient ranged from 15-85 year, with average of 43 year. 34.9% patients had been hospitalized for 3 days. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was present in highest number with average of 58.7% for morbidity. Number of patients on mechanical ventilation was highest (65.1%). All isolates were susceptible to colistin. The resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, piperacillin- tazobactam and meropenem was 82.5%, 81%, 100%, 87.3%, 82.5% and 82% respectively. Out of 82% CRAB, 77% were obtained from ICUs. Conclusion: This study has revealed the high rate of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii isolates in ICUs thus leaving behind limited therapeutic options.

Molecular detection of blaOXA-23gene and blaOXA-51 gene in carbapenem resistant strains of Acinetobacterbaumannii in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia at tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2576-2581
Author(s):  
Saima Ishtiaq ◽  
Sidrah Saleem ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Arslan Ahmed Alvi
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Objective: To evaluate carbapenem resistance and to detect blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes in carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumanii isolates recovered from patients having pneumonia secondry to ventilation. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018 at the Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised endotracheal aspirates / tracheobroncheal lavage samples from patients irrespective of age and gender who developed pneumonia after being on the ventilator for 48 hrs at the Combined Military Hospital, and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore.  The samples were inoculated on MacConkey and blood agar and aerobically incubated at a temperature of 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolated organisms were further assessed by standard morphological, cultural and biochemical profile. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii were checked for carbapenemase production using Modified Hodge Test. Conventional polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoreses were performed to detect blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. Results: Out of 157 samples, 92(58.6%) yielded growth of bacteria, and, among them, 39(42.4%) were identified as acinetobacter baumannii. All (100%) acinetobacter baumannii cases showed resistance to carbapenem, were producing carbapenemase enzyme, and were positive for blaOXA-51 gene. The blaOXA-23 gene was amplified in 38(97.4%) isolates. Conclusion: BlaOXA-23 gene appeared to be the major cause of carbapenem resistance. Continuous...

scholarly journals High-Level Carbapenem Resistance in OXA-232-Producing Raoultella ornithinolytica Triggered by Ertapenem Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Iovleva ◽  
Roberta T. Mettus ◽  
Christi L. McElheny ◽  
Marissa P. Griffith ◽  
Mustapha M. Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Class D ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT OXA-232 is an OXA-48-group class D β-lactamase that hydrolyzes expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems at low levels. Clinical strains producing OXA-232 are sometimes susceptible to carbapenems, making it difficult to identify them in the clinical microbiology laboratory. We describe the development of carbapenem resistance in sequential clinical isolates of Raoultella ornithinolytica carrying blaOXA-232 in a hospitalized patient, where the ertapenem MIC increased from 0.5 μg/ml to 512 μg/ml and the meropenem MIC increased from 0.125 μg/ml to 32 μg/ml during the course of ertapenem therapy. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis identified loss-of-function mutations in ompC and ompF in carbapenem-resistant isolates that were not present in the initial carbapenem-susceptible isolate. Complementation of a carbapenem-resistant isolate with an intact ompF gene resulted in 16- to 32-fold reductions in carbapenem MICs, whereas complementation with intact ompC resulted in a 2-fold reduction in carbapenem MICs. Additionally, blaOXA-232 expression increased 2.9-fold in a carbapenem-resistant isolate. Rapid development of high-level carbapenem resistance in initially carbapenem-susceptible OXA-232-producing R. ornithinolytica under selective pressure from carbapenem therapy highlights the diagnostic challenges in detecting Enterobacteriaceae strains producing this inefficient carbapenemase.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates from Egyptian Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem M Hassan ◽  
Sherifa T Salem ◽  
Saly Ismail Mostafa Hassan ◽  
Asmaa Sayed Hegab ◽  
Yasmine S Elkholy
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Egyptian Patients ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) represents a global threat owing to its ability to resist most of the currently available antimicrobial agents. Moreover, emergence of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii (CR-AB) isolates limits the available treatment options. Enzymatic degradation by variety of ß-lactamases, have been identified as the most common mechanism of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii. The alarming increase in the prevalence of CR-AB necessitates continuous screening and molecular characterization to appreciate the problem. The present study was performed to assess the prevalence and characterize carbapenemases among 206 CR-AB isolated from various clinical specimens collected from different intensive care units at Kasr Al-Aini Hospital.All isolates were confirmed to be A. baumannii by detection of the blaOXA-51-like gene. Molecular screening of 13 common Ambler class bla carbapenemases genes in addition to insertion sequence (IS-1) upstream OXA-23 was performed by using four sets of multiplex PCR, followed by identification using gene sequencing technology. Among the investigated genes, the prevalence of blaOXA-23, and blaOXA-58 were 77.7%, and 1.9%, respectively. The ISAba1 was detected in 10% of the blaOXA-23 positive isolates. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) studied; blaNDM-1, blaSPM, blaVIM, blaSIM-1 were 11.7%, 6.3%, 0.5%, and 0.5% respectively. One of class A; bla KPC was detected in 10.7% of the investigated isolates. blaOXA-24/40, blaIMP, blaGES, blaVEB and blaGIM were not detected in any of the studied isolates. Moreover, 18.4% of the isolates have shown to harbor two or more of the screened bla genes. We concluded that the most prevalent type of ß-lactamases genes among CR-AB isolates collected from Egyptian patients were blaOXA-23 followed by blaNDM-1 and blaKPC.Author summaryCarbapenem-resistant A. baumannii has become a real global health threat. The aim of the present study was to characterize and to assess the prevalence of carbapenemases among 206 CR-AB clinical isolates from Egyptian patients. We concluded that the most prevalent type of ß-lactamases genes among CR-AB isolates collected from Egyptian patients were blaOXA-23 followed by blaNDM-1 and blaKPC. In this study, ISAba1 was detected upstream 10% of blaOXA-23 positive isolates only which indicates that the spread of resistance among Acinetobacter isolates could be either chromosomal or plamid-mediated.

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