scholarly journals APX001A In Vitro Activity against Contemporary Blood Isolates and Candida auris Determined by the EUCAST Reference Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiken Cavling Arendrup ◽  
Anuradha Chowdhary ◽  
Karen M. T. Astvad ◽  
Karin Meinike Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT APX001A is the active moiety of the first-in-class drug candidate APX001. So far, most susceptibility testing studies have examined ≤30 isolates/species, and only one used the EUCAST method. Here, we investigated the in vitro activity of APX001A and five comparators against 540 candidemia and 122 C. auris isolates. Isolates (17 Candida and 3 yeast species) were identified using CHROMagar, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and, when needed, internal transcribed space (ITS) sequencing. EUCAST E.Def 7.3.1 susceptibility testing included APX001A, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, micafungin, fluconazole, and voriconazole. Wild-type upper limits (WT-UL) were established following the EUCAST principles for epidemiological cutoff value setting for APX001A, allowing classification as wild type (WT) or non-WT. APX001A MIC50 values (mg/liter) were as follows: Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida tropicalis, 0.004 to 0.008; Candida parapsilosis and Candida auris, 0.016; Candida glabrata, 0.06; and Candida krusei, >0.5. APX001A MICs against the rare species varied from ≤0.0005 (C. pelliculosa) to >0.5 (Candida norvegensis). APX001A was equally or more active in vitro than the comparators against all species except C. krusei and C. norvegensis. Four isolates were APX001A non-WT; all were fluconazole resistant. A correlation was observed between APX001A and fluconazole MICs across all species except Candida guilliermondii and C. auris, and when comparing high and low fluconazole MIC isolates of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. auris. APX001A showed promising in vitro activity against most Candida and other yeast species, including C. auris, compared to five comparators. WT-UL were suggested for the common species, and a new and unexplained correlation to fluconazole susceptibility was observed.

scholarly journals Rezafungin In Vitro Activity against Contemporary Nordic Clinical Candida Isolates and Candida auris Determined by the EUCAST Reference Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Helleberg ◽  
Karin Meinike Jørgensen ◽  
Rasmus Krøger Hare ◽  
Raluca Datcu ◽  
Anuradha Chowdhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Rezafungin (formerly CD101) is a novel echinocandin in clinical development. EUCAST epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFFs) have not yet been established. We determined the in vitro activity of rezafungin and comparators against 1,293 Nordic yeast isolates and 122 Indian Candida auris isolates and established single-center wild-type upper limits (WT-UL). The isolates (19 Candida spp. and 13 other yeast species) were identified using Chromagar; matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF); and, when needed, internal transcribed spacer sequencing. EUCAST E.Def 7.3.1 susceptibility testing included rezafungin, anidulafungin, micafungin, amphotericin B, and fluconazole. WT-UL were established following EUCAST principles for visual and statistical ECOFF setting. fks target genes were sequenced for rezafungin non-wild-type isolates. EUCAST clinical breakpoints for fungi version 9.0 were adopted for susceptibility classification. Rezafungin had species-specific activity similar to that of anidulafungin and micafungin. On a milligram-per-liter basis, rezafungin was overall less active than anidulafungin and micafungin but equally or more active than fluconazole and amphotericin B against the most common Candida species, except C. parapsilosis. We identified 37 (3.1%) rezafungin non-wild-type isolates of C. albicans (1.9%), C. glabrata (3.0%), C. tropicalis (2.7%), C. dubliniensis (2.9%), C. krusei (1.2%), and C. auris (14.8%). Alterations in Fks hot spots were found in 26/26 Nordic and 8/18 non-wild-type C. auris isolates. Rezafungin displayed broad in vitro activity against Candida spp., including C. auris. Adopting WT-UL established here, few Nordic strains, but a significant proportion of C. auris isolates, had elevated MICs with mutations in fks target genes that conferred echinocandin cross-resistance. fks1 mutations raised rezafungin MICs notably less than anidulafungin and micafungin MICs in C. auris.

scholarly journals Method-Dependent Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Detection of Triazole Resistance in Candida and Aspergillus Species for the Sensititre YeastOne Colorimetric Broth and Etest Agar Diffusion Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Espinel-Ingroff ◽  
J. Turnidge ◽  
A. Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
F. Botterel ◽  
E. Canton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clavispora Lusitaniae

ABSTRACT Although the Sensititre Yeast-One (SYO) and Etest methods are widely utilized, interpretive criteria are not available for triazole susceptibility testing of Candida or Aspergillus species. We collected fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole SYO and Etest MICs from 39 laboratories representing all continents for (method/agent-dependent) 11,171 Candida albicans, 215 C. dubliniensis, 4,418 C. glabrata species complex, 157 C. guilliermondii (Meyerozyma guilliermondii), 676 C. krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii), 298 C. lusitaniae (Clavispora lusitaniae), 911 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 3,691 C. parapsilosis species complex, 36 C. metapsilosis, 110 C. orthopsilosis, 1,854 C. tropicalis, 244 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1,409 Aspergillus fumigatus, 389 A. flavus, 130 A. nidulans, 233 A. niger, and 302 A. terreus complex isolates. SYO/Etest MICs for 282 confirmed non-wild-type (non-WT) isolates were included: ERG11 (C. albicans), ERG11 and MRR1 (C. parapsilosis), cyp51A (A. fumigatus), and CDR2 and CDR1 overexpression (C. albicans and C. glabrata, respectively). Interlaboratory modal agreement was superior by SYO for yeast species and by the Etest for Aspergillus spp. Distributions fulfilling CLSI criteria for epidemiological cutoff value (ECV) definition were pooled, and we proposed SYO ECVs for S. cerevisiae and 9 yeast and 3 Aspergillus species and Etest ECVs for 5 yeast and 4 Aspergillus species. The posaconazole SYO ECV of 0.06 µg/ml for C. albicans and the Etest itraconazole ECV of 2 µg/ml for A. fumigatus were the best predictors of non-WT isolates. These findings support the need for method-dependent ECVs, as, overall, the SYO appears to perform better for susceptibility testing of yeast species and the Etest appears to perform better for susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp. Further evaluations should be conducted with more Candida mutants.

scholarly journals EUCAST Determination of Olorofim (F901318) Susceptibility of Mold Species, Method Validation, and MICs

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Meinike Jørgensen ◽  
Karen M. T. Astvad ◽  
Rasmus Krøger Hare ◽  
Maiken Cavling Arendrup
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Limited Variation

ABSTRACT Olorofim is a novel antifungal agent with in vitro activity against Aspergillus and some other molds. Here, we addressed technical aspects for EUCAST olorofim testing and generated contemporary MIC data. EUCAST E.Def 9.3.1 testing was performed comparing two plate preparation methods (serial dilution in medium [serial plates] versus predilution in DMSO [ISO plates]), two lots of olorofim, visual (visual-MIC) versus spectrophotometer (spec-MIC) reading, and four polystyrene plates using 34 to 53 Aspergillus isolates from five genera. Subsequently, olorofim MICs were compared to itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and amphotericin B MICs for 298 clinical mold isolates (2016 to 2017). Wild-type upper limits (WT-UL) were determined following EUCAST principles for epidemiologic cutoff value (ECOFF) setting. Olorofim median MICs comparing serial plates and ISO plates were identical (25/36 [69%]) or one dilution apart (11/36 [31%]). Interperson agreement for visual-MICs was 92% to 94%/100% for ≤1/≤2 dilutions, respectively. The visual-MIC values across tested microtiter plates and olorofim lots revealed only discrete differences (≤1 dilution lower for treated plates). No single spec-MIC criterion was applicable to all species. Olorofim MICs were low against 275 Aspergillus species isolates (modal MIC, 0.06 mg/liter; MIC range, < 0.004 to 0.25 mg/liter) and three dermatophytes (MICs 0.03 to 0.06 mg/liter). MICs against Fusarium were diverse, with full inhibition of F. proliferatum (MIC, 0.016), 50% growth inhibition of Fusarium solani at 1 to 2 mg/liter, and no inhibition of F. dimerum. Olorofim displayed potent in vitro activity against most mold isolates and was associated with limited variation in EUCAST susceptibility testing.

scholarly journals In Vitro Interaction between Isavuconazole and Tacrolimus, Cyclosporin A, or Sirolimus against Aspergillus Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schwarz ◽  
Eric Dannaoui
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

The interaction of isavuconazole with immunosuppressors (tacrolimus, cyclosporin A, or sirolimus) against 30 Aspergillus isolates belonging to the most common species responsible for invasive aspergillosis in humans (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus) was evaluated in vitro by a microdilution checkerboard technique based on the EUCAST reference method for antifungal susceptibility testing. The interpretation of the results was performed based on the fractional inhibitory concentration index. The combination of isavuconazole with tacrolimus, cyclosporin A, or sirolimus, was synergistic for 56, 20, or 10% of the isolates, respectively. Interestingly synergy of the combination of isavuconazole with tacrolimus was also achieved for the majority of azole-resistant isolates of A. fumigatus, and for all A. niger isolates with isavuconazole minimal inhibitory concentrations ≥ 8 µg/mL. Antagonistic interactions were never observed for any combination tested.

scholarly journals Implications of the EUCAST Trailing Phenomenon inCandida tropicalisfor theIn VivoSusceptibility in Invertebrate and Murine Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. T. Astvad ◽  
D. Sanglard ◽  
E. Delarze ◽  
R. K. Hare ◽  
M. C. Arendrup
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gradual Loss

ABSTRACTCandida tropicalisisolates often display reduced but persistent growth (trailing) over a broad fluconazole concentration range during EUCAST susceptibility testing. Whereas weak trailing (<25% of the positive growth control) is common and found not to impair fluconazole efficacy, we investigated if more pronounced trailing impacted treatment efficacy. Fluconazole efficacy against two weakly (≤25% growth), two moderately (26% to 50% growth), and one heavily (>70% growth) trailing resistant isolate and one resistant (100% growth) isolate were investigatedin vitroandin vivo(in aGalleria mellonellasurvival model and two nonlethal murine models).CDR1expression levels andERG11sequences were characterized. The survival in fluconazole-treatedG. mellonellawas inversely correlated with the degree of trailing (71% to 9% survival in treatment groups). In mice, resistant and heavily trailing isolates responded poorly to fluconazole treatment.CDR1expression was significantly higher in trailing and resistant isolates than in wild-type isolates (1.4-fold to 10-fold higher). All isolates exhibitedERG11wild-type alleles. Heavily trailing isolates were less responsive to fluconazole in allin vivomodels, indicating an impact on fluconazole efficacy.CDR1upregulation may have contributed to the observed differences. Moderately trailing isolates responded less well to fluconazole in larvae only. This confirms clinical data suggesting fluconazole is effective against infections with such isolates in less severely ill patients and supports the current 50% growth endpoint for susceptibility testing. However, it is still unclear if the gradual loss of efficacy observed for moderately trailing isolates in the larva model may be a reason for concern in selected vulnerable patient populations.

scholarly journals Effects of KPC Variant and Porin Genotype on the In Vitro Activity of Meropenem-Vaborbactam against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Wilson ◽  
Ellen G. Kline ◽  
Chelsea E. Jones ◽  
Kristin T. Morder ◽  
Roberta T. Mettus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Strip Testing ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

ABSTRACT Meropenem-vaborbactam is a new agent with the potential to treat carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections. We describe the in vitro activity of meropenem-vaborbactam against representative CRE genotypes and laboratory-engineered Escherichia coli isolates harboring mutant blaKPC genes associated with ceftazidime-avibactam resistance. We also compared disk diffusion and gradient strip testing methods to standard broth microdilution methods. Against 120 CRE isolates, median ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam MICs were 1 and 0.03 µg/ml, respectively. Ninety-eight percent (117/120) of isolates were susceptible to meropenem-vaborbactam (MICs ≤ 4 µg/ml). Against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harboring mutant blaKPC, the addition of vaborbactam lowered the meropenem MICs in 78% of isolates (14/18); 100% were susceptible to meropenem-vaborbactam. Median meropenem-vaborbactam MICs were higher against K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae isolates with mutant ompK36 porin genes (n = 26) than against those with wild-type ompK36 porin genes (n = 54) (0.25 versus 0.03 µg/ml; P < 0.0001). Against E. coli TOP10 isolates with plasmid constructs containing wild-type blaKPC or mutant blaKPC, the addition of vaborbactam at 8 µg/ml lowered the meropenem MICs 2- to 512-fold, resulting in meropenem-vaborbactam MICs of 0.03 µg/ml. The rates of categorical agreement with broth microdilution for disk diffusion or gradient strips ranged from 90 to 95%. Essential agreement rates were higher for research-use-only (RUO) gradient strips manufactured by bioMérieux (82%) than for those manufactured by Liofilchem (48%) (P < 0.0001). Taken together, our data highlight the potent in vitro activity of meropenem-vaborbactam against CRE, including isolates resistant to ceftazidime-avibactam. Vaborbactam inhibited both wild-type and variant KPC enzymes. On the other hand, KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates with ompK36 mutations displayed higher meropenem-vaborbactam MICs than isolates with wild-type ompK36. The results of susceptibility testing with RUO bioMérieux gradient strips most closely aligned with those of broth microdilution methods.

scholarly journals Manogepix (APX001A) In Vitro Activity against Candida auris: Head-to-Head Comparison of EUCAST and CLSI MICs

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiken Cavling Arendrup ◽  
Anuradha Chowdhary ◽  
Karin Meinike Jørgensen ◽  
Joseph Meletiadis
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Class ◽  
Active Moiety ◽  
Upper Limits

ABSTRACT Fosmanogepix is a novel prodrug in a new class of antifungal agents. Manogepix is the active moiety. We evaluated the CLSI and EUCAST MICs of manogepix and eight comparators against Candida auris. CLSI M27-A3 susceptibility testing of manogepix was performed for 122 C. auris isolates and compared to CLSI and EUCAST MICs for manogepix and eight comparators. Differences and agreement were calculated for each compound. Wild-type upper limits (WT-ULs; the upper MIC where the wild-type distribution ends) for manogepix and correlations with other drugs’ MICs were determined. Manogepix MICs (CLSI/EUCAST [mg/liter]) and WT-ULs were as follows: MIC50s, 0.008/0.016; MIC90s, 0.03/0.03; ranges, 0.001 to 0.25/0.001 to 0.125; 97.5% and 99% WT-ULs, 0.03/0.125 and 0.06/0.125, respectively. The manogepix CLSI/EUCAST MIC distributions spanned 9/8 dilutions, respectively. Significant correlation was found for all azoles, particularly fluconazole (r = 0.22 to 0.74, P < 0.05). Isolates with EUCAST manogepix MICs of ≤0.004 had 7.6-/10.2-fold-lower fluconazole CLSI/EUCAST MICs than the remaining isolates that had higher manogepix MICs. The highest essential agreement between CLSI and EUCAST results was observed for manogepix and fluconazole, with a median difference of −1 to 0 2-fold dilutions, 90th percentile absolute difference of 1, and 90 to 92% and 98 to 100% agreement within ±1 and ±2 dilutions. The lowest agreements within ±1 and ±2 dilutions were found for isavuconazole and anidulafungin (44 to 50% and 69 to 76%). The correlation between CLSI and EUCAST manogepix MICs against C. auris was excellent. Differential MICs were found, and these correlated with fluconazole MICs, suggesting that the C. auris population is a mix of wild-type isolates and non-wild-type isolates with low-grade manogepix MIC elevation, probably involving efflux pump expression. However, manogepix was the most potent agent against C. auris in this in vitro study.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Manogepix against Multidrug-Resistant and Panresistant Candida auris from the New York Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
YanChun Zhu ◽  
Shannon Kilburn ◽  
Mili Kapoor ◽  
Sudha Chaturvedi ◽  
Karen Joy Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT An ongoing Candida auris outbreak in the New York metropolitan area is the largest recorded to date in North America. Laboratory surveillance revealed NY C. auris isolates are resistant to fluconazole, with variable resistance to other currently used broad-spectrum antifungal drugs, and that several isolates are panresistant. Thus, there is an urgent need for new drugs with a novel mechanism of action to combat the resistance challenge. Manogepix (MGX) is a first-in-class agent that targets the fungal Gwt1 enzyme. The prodrug fosmanogepix is currently in phase 2 clinical development for the treatment of fungal infections. We evaluated the susceptibility of 200 New York C. auris isolates to MGX and 10 comparator drugs using CLSI methodology. MGX demonstrated lower MICs than comparators (MIC50 and MIC90, 0.03 mg/liter; range, 0.004 to 0.06 mg/liter). The local epidemiological cutoff value (ECV) for MGX indicated all C. auris isolates were within the population of wild-type (WT) strains; 0.06 mg/liter defines the upper limit of wild type (UL-WT). MGX was 8- to 32-fold more active than the echinocandins, 16- to 64-fold more active than the azoles, and 64-fold more active than amphotericin B. No differences were found in the MGX or comparators’ MIC50, MIC90, or geometric mean (GM) values when subsets of clinical, surveillance, and environmental isolates were evaluated. The range of MGX MIC values for six C. auris panresistant isolates was 0.008 to 0.015 mg/liter, and the median and mode MIC values were 0.015 mg/liter, demonstrating that MGX retains activity against these isolates. These data support further clinical evaluation of fosmanogepix for the treatment of C. auris infections, including highly resistant isolates.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of ASP2397 against Aspergillus Isolates with or without Acquired Azole Resistance Mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiken Cavling Arendrup ◽  
Rasmus Hare Jensen ◽  
Manuel Cuenca-Estrella
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTASP2397 is a new compound with a novel and as-yet-unknown target different from that of licensed antifungal agents. It has activity againstAspergillusandCandida glabrata. We compared itsin vitroactivity against wild-type and azole-resistantA. fumigatusandA. terreusisolates with that of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. Thirty-four isolates, including 4 wild-typeA. fumigatusisolates, 24A. fumigatusisolates with alterations in CYP51A TR/L98H (5 isolates), M220 (9 isolates), G54 (9 isolates), and HapE (1 isolate), andA. terreusisolates (2 wild-type isolates and 1 isolate with an M217I CYP51A alteration), were analyzed. EUCAST E.Def 9.2 and CLSI M38-A2 MIC susceptibility testing was performed. ASP2397 MIC50values (in milligrams per liter, with MIC ranges in parentheses) determined by EUCAST and CLSI were 0.5 (0.25 to 1) and 0.25 (0.06 to 0.25) againstA. fumigatusCYP51A wild-type isolates and were similarly 0.5 (0.125 to >4) and 0.125 (0.06 to >4) against azole-resistantA. fumigatusisolates, respectively. These values were comparable to those for amphotericin B, which were 0.25 (0.125 to 0.5) and 0.25 (0.125 to 0.25) against wild-type isolates and 0.25 (0.125 to 1) and 0.25 (0.125 to 1) against isolates with azole resistance mechanisms, respectively. In contrast, MICs for the azole compounds were elevated and highest for itraconazole: >4 (1 to >4) and 4 (0.5 to >4) against isolates with azole resistance mechanisms compared to 0.125 (0.125 to 0.25) and 0.125 (0.06 to 0.25) against wild-type isolates, respectively. ASP2397 was active againstA. terreusCYP51A wild-type isolates (MIC 0.5 to 1), whereas MICs of both azole and ASP2397 were elevated for the mutant isolate. ASP2397 displayedin vitroactivity againstA. fumigatusandA. terreusisolates which was independent of the presence or absence of azole target gene resistance mutations inA. fumigatus. The findings are promising at a time when azole-resistantA. fumigatusis emerging globally.

scholarly journals Susceptibility Testing of Common and Uncommon Aspergillus Species against Posaconazole and Other Mold-Active Antifungal Azoles Using the Sensititre Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica Mello ◽  
Brunella Posteraro ◽  
Antonietta Vella ◽  
Elena De Carolis ◽  
Riccardo Torelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT We tested 59 common and 27 uncommon Aspergillus species isolates for susceptibility to the mold-active azole antifungal agents itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole using the Sensititre method. The overall essential agreement with the CLSI reference method was 96.5% for itraconazole and posaconazole and was 100% for voriconazole. By the Sensititre method as well as the CLSI reference method, all of 10 A. fumigatus isolates with a cyp51 mutant genotype were classified as being non-wild-type isolates (MIC > epidemiological cutoff value [ECV]) with respect to triazole susceptibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document