scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Enterobacterial Isolates Collected during a Prospective Interregional Survey in France and Susceptibility to the Novel Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam-Avibactam Combinations

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Dupont ◽  
Olivier Gaillot ◽  
Anne-Sophie Goetgheluck ◽  
Claire Plassart ◽  
Jean-Philippe Emond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Active Efflux ◽  
Fixed Concentration ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTAn interregional surveillance program was conducted in the northwestern part of France to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-nonsusceptibleEnterobacteriaceae(CNSE) isolates and their susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations. Nonduplicate CNSE clinical isolates were prospectively collected from six hospitals between June 2012 and November 2013. MICs of ceftazidime and aztreonam, alone or combined with a fixed concentration of avibactam (4 μg/ml), and those of carbapenems (comparator agents) were determined. MICs of ertapenem in combination with phenylalanine arginine-naphthylamide dihydrochloride (PAβN) were also determined to assess active efflux. Genes encoding carbapenemases, plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were amplified and sequenced. OMPs were also extracted for SDS-PAGE analysis. Among the 139 CNSE isolates, mainlyEnterobacterspp. andKlebsiella pneumoniae, 123 (88.4%) were ertapenem nonsusceptible, 12 (8.6%) exhibited reduced susceptibility to all carbapenems, and 4Proteeaeisolates (2.9%) were resistant to imipenem. Carbapenemase production was detected in only two isolates (producing OXA-48 and IMI-3). In contrast, OMP deficiency, in association with AmpCs and/or ESBLs (mainly CTX-M-9, SHV-12, and CTX-M-15), was largely identified among CNSE isolates. The ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations exhibited potent activity against CNSE isolates (MIC50/MIC90, 1/1 μg/ml and 0.5/0.5 μg/ml, respectively) compared to that of ceftazidime and aztreonam alone (MIC50/MIC90, 512/512 μg/ml and 128/512 μg/ml, respectively). This study reveals thein vitroactivity of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations against a large collection of porin-deficient enterobacterial isolates that are representative of the CNSE recovered in the northern part of France.

scholarly journals In VitroSusceptibility of Global Surveillance Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Ceftazidime-Avibactam (INFORM 2012 to 2014)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 4743-4749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wright W. Nichols ◽  
Boudewijn L. M. de Jonge ◽  
Krystyna M. Kazmierczak ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Daniel F. Sahm
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Middle East ◽  
East Africa ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Country Specific

ABSTRACTBroth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator agents against 7,062 clinical isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosacollected from 2012 to 2014 in four geographic regions (Europe, Asia/South Pacific, Latin America, Middle East/Africa) as part of the International Network for Optimal Resistance Monitoring (INFORM) global surveillance program. The majority of isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam, with the proportions susceptible differing marginally across the four regions (MIC90, 8 to 16 μg/ml; 88.7 to 93.2% susceptible), in contrast to lower susceptibilities to the following comparator β-lactam agents: ceftazidime (MIC90, 32 to 64 μg/ml; 71.5 to 80.8% susceptible), meropenem (MIC90, >8 μg/ml; 64.9 to 77.4% susceptible), and piperacillin-tazobactam (MIC90, >128 μg/ml; 62.3 to 71.3% susceptible). Compared to the overall population, susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam of isolates that were nonsusceptible to ceftazidime (n= 1,627) was reduced to between 56.8% (Middle East/Africa; MIC90, 64 μg/ml) and 68.9% (Asia/South Pacific; MIC90, 128 μg/ml), but these percentages were higher than susceptibilities to other β-lactam agents (0 to 44% susceptible, depending on region and agent; meropenem MIC90, >8 μg/ml; 26.5 to 43.9% susceptible). For this subset of isolates, susceptibilities to amikacin (MIC90, >32 μg/ml; 53.2 to 80.0% susceptible) and colistin (MIC90, 1 μg/ml; 98.5 to 99.5% susceptible) were comparable to or higher than that of ceftazidime-avibactam. A similar observation was made with isolates that were nonsusceptible to meropenem (n= 1,926), with susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam between 67.8% (Middle East/Africa; MIC90, 64 μg/ml) and 74.2% (Europe; MIC90, 32 μg/ml) but again with reduced susceptibility to comparators except for amikacin (MIC90, >32 μg/ml; 56.8 to 78.7% susceptible) and colistin (MIC90, 1 μg/ml; 98.9 to 99.3% susceptible). Of the 8% of isolates not susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam, the nonsusceptibility of half could be explained by their possession of genes encoding metallo-β-lactamases. The data reported here are consistent with results from other country-specific and regional surveillance studies and show that ceftazidime-avibactam demonstratesin vitroactivity against globally collected clinical isolates ofP. aeruginosa, including isolates that are resistant to ceftazidime and meropenem.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of the Novel Lactone Ketolide Nafithromycin (WCK 4873) against Contemporary Clinical Bacteria from a Global Surveillance Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Flamm ◽  
P. R. Rhomberg ◽  
H. S. Sader
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Medical Institutions

ABSTRACT Nafithromycin (WCK 4873), a novel antimicrobial agent of the lactone ketolide class, is currently in phase 2 development for treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). A total of 4,739 nonduplicate isolates were selected from a 2014 global surveillance program at medical institutions located in 43 countries within the United States, Europe, Latin America, and the Asia-Pacific region. Nafithromycin and comparator agents were used for susceptibility testing by reference broth microdilution methods. Nafithromycin was active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC50/90, 0.06/>2 μg/ml), including erythromycin-resistant strains exhibiting an inducible clindamycin resistance phenotype (MIC50/90, 0.06/0.06 μg/ml) and telithromycin-susceptible strains (MIC50/90, 0.06/0.06 μg/ml), but it exhibited limited activity against most telithromycin-resistant and clindamycin-resistant isolates that were constitutively resistant to macrolides (MIC50/90, >2/>2 μg/ml). Nafithromycin was very active (MIC50/90, 0.015/0.06 μg/ml) against 1,911 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, inhibiting all strains, with MIC values of ≤0.25 μg/ml. Telithromycin susceptibility was 99.9% for Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, and nafithromycin was up to 8-fold more potent than telithromycin. Overall, 37.9% of S. pneumoniae strains were resistant to erythromycin, and 19.7% were resistant to clindamycin. Nafithromycin was highly active against 606 Streptococcus pyogenes strains (MIC50/90, 0.015/0.015 μg/ml), inhibiting 100.0% of isolates at ≤0.5 μg/ml, and MIC50/90 values (0.015/0.015 to 0.03 μg/ml) were similar for the 4 geographic regions. Nafithromycin and telithromycin demonstrated comparable in vitro activities against 1,002 Haemophilus influenzae isolates and 504 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates. Overall, nafithromycin showed potent in vitro activity against a broad range of contemporary (2014) global pathogens. These results support the continued clinical development of nafithromycin for treatment of CABP.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Imipenem-Relebactam against Clinical Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated in Hospital Laboratories in the United States as Part of the SMART 2016 Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Sibylle H. Lob ◽  
Krystyna M. Kazmierczak ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
Mary R. Motyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Smart Study ◽  
Fixed Concentration ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Further Development

ABSTRACT Relebactam is a non-β-lactam, bicyclic diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitor of class A and class C β-lactamases, including Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs). It is in phase 3 clinical development in combination with imipenem/cilastatin. The in vitro activities of imipenem-relebactam, imipenem, and comparators were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference broth microdilution method for isolates of Enterobacteriaceae ( n = 3,419) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( n = 896) collected in 2016 by 21 U.S. hospital laboratories participating in the SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) global surveillance program. Relebactam was tested at a fixed concentration of 4 μg/ml. Imipenem-relebactam MICs were interpreted using CLSI breakpoints for imipenem. Rates of susceptibility to imipenem-relebactam and imipenem for non- Proteeae Enterobacteriaceae ( n = 3,143) and P. aeruginosa were 99.1% (3,115/3,143) and 95.9% (3,013/3,143) and were 94.4% (846/896) and 74.7% (669/896), respectively. Relebactam restored imipenem susceptibility to 78.5% (102/130) of imipenem-nonsusceptible non- Proteeae Enterobacteriaceae and to 78.0% (177/227) of imipenem-nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa isolates. Susceptibility to imipenem-relebactam was 98.2% (444/452) and 82.2% (217/264) for multidrug-resistant (MDR) non- Proteeae Enterobacteriaceae and MDR P. aeruginosa , respectively. Given the ability of relebactam to restore susceptibility to imipenem in nonsusceptible isolates of both non- Proteeae Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa and to demonstrate potent activity against current MDR isolates of both non- Proteeae Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa , further development of imipenem-relebactam appears warranted.

scholarly journals Competition between Metals for Binding to Methanobactin Enables Expression of Soluble Methane Monooxygenase in the Presence of Copper

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1024-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagyalakshmi Kalidass ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Ul-Haque ◽  
Bipin S. Baral ◽  
Alan A. DiSpirito ◽  
Jeremy D. Semrau
Keyword(s):  
Methane Monooxygenase ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Copper Uptake ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soluble Methane Monooxygenase ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Membrane Bound

ABSTRACTIt is well known that copper is a key factor regulating expression of the two forms of methane monooxygenase found in proteobacterial methanotrophs. Of these forms, the cytoplasmic, or soluble, methane monooxygenase (sMMO) is expressed only at low copper concentrations. The membrane-bound, or particulate, methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is constitutively expressed with respect to copper, and such expression increases with increasing copper. Recent findings have shown that copper uptake is mediated by a modified polypeptide, or chalkophore, termed methanobactin. Although methanobactin has high specificity for copper, it can bind other metals, e.g., gold. Here we show that inMethylosinus trichosporiumOB3b, sMMO is expressed and active in the presence of copper if gold is also simultaneously present. Such expression appears to be due to gold binding to methanobactin produced byM. trichosporiumOB3b, thereby limiting copper uptake. Such expression and activity, however, was significantly reduced if methanobactin preloaded with copper was also added. Further, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) of transcripts of genes encoding polypeptides of both forms of MMO and SDS-PAGE results indicate that both sMMO and pMMO can be expressed when copper and gold are present, as gold effectively competes with copper for binding to methanobactin. Such findings suggest that under certain geochemical conditions, both forms of MMO may be expressed and activein situ. Finally, these findings also suggest strategies whereby field sites can be manipulated to enhance sMMO expression, i.e., through the addition of a metal that can compete with copper for binding to methanobactin.

scholarly journals The Novel Arylamidine T-2307 MaintainsIn VitroandIn VivoActivity against Echinocandin-Resistant Candida albicans

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 1341-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Wiederhold ◽  
Laura K. Najvar ◽  
Annette W. Fothergill ◽  
Rosie Bocanegra ◽  
Marcos Olivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACTWe evaluated thein vitroandin vivoactivities of the investigational arylamidine T-2307 against echinocandin-resistantCandida albicans. T-2307 demonstrated potentin vitroactivity, and daily subcutaneous doses between 0.75 and 6 mg/kg of body weight significantly improved survival and reduced fungal burden compared to placebo control and caspofungin (10 mg/kg/day) in mice with invasive candidiasis caused by an echinocandin-resistant strain. Thus, T-2307 may have potential use in the treatment of echinocandin-resistantC. albicansinfections.

scholarly journals Basal Body Structures Differentially Affect Transcription of RpoN- and FliA-Dependent Flagellar Genes in Helicobacter pylori

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (11) ◽  
pp. 1921-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Tsang ◽  
Timothy R. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Flagellar Biogenesis ◽  
Flagellar Genes

ABSTRACTFlagellar biogenesis inHelicobacter pyloriis regulated by a transcriptional hierarchy governed by three sigma factors, RpoD (σ80), RpoN (σ54), and FliA (σ28), that temporally coordinates gene expression with the assembly of the flagellum. Previous studies showed that loss of flagellar protein export apparatus components inhibits transcription of flagellar genes. The FlgS/FlgR two-component system activates transcription of RpoN-dependent genes though an unknown mechanism. To understand better the extent to which flagellar gene regulation is coupled to flagellar assembly, we disrupted flagellar biogenesis at various points and determined how these mutations affected transcription of RpoN-dependent (flaBandflgE) and FliA-dependent (flaA) genes. The MS ring (encoded byfliF) is one of the earliest flagellar structures assembled. Deletion offliFresulted in the elimination of RpoN-dependent transcripts and an ∼4-fold decrease inflaAtranscript levels. FliH is a cytoplasmic protein that functions with the C ring protein FliN to shuttle substrates to the export apparatus. Deletions offliHand genes encoding C ring components (fliMandfliY) decreased transcript levels offlaBandflgEbut had little or no effect on transcript levels offlaA. Transcript levels offlaBandflgEwere elevated in mutants where genes encoding rod proteins (fliEandflgBC) were deleted, while transcript levels offlaAwas reduced ∼2-fold in both mutants. We propose that FlgS responds to an assembly checkpoint associated with the export apparatus and that FliH and one or more C ring component assist FlgS in engaging this flagellar structure.IMPORTANCEThe mechanisms used by bacteria to couple transcription of flagellar genes with assembly of the flagellum are poorly understood. The results from this study identified components of theH. pyloriflagellar basal body that either positively or negatively affect expression of RpoN-dependent flagellar genes. Some of these basal body proteins may interact directly with regulatory proteins that control transcription of theH. pyloriRpoN regulon, a hypothesis that can be tested by examining protein-protein interactionsin vitro.

scholarly journals 1582. In Vitro Activity of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Geriatric Patients in the Asia/Pacific region – SMART 2016-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S788-S789
Author(s):  
Sibylle Lob ◽  
Meredith Hackel ◽  
Wei-Ting Chen ◽  
Yivonne Khoo ◽  
Kanchan Balwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Background Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor approved by FDA and EMA for complicated urinary tract and intraabdominal infections, and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. We evaluated the activity of C/T against isolates collected from patients ≥65 years old as part of the SMART surveillance program in Asia/Pacific. Methods In 2016-2018, 49 clinical laboratories in Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam each collected up to 250 consecutive gram-negative pathogens per year. Susceptibility was determined using CLSI broth microdilution and breakpoints. C/T-nonsusceptible (NS) Enterobacterales (ENT) and P. aeruginosa (PA) isolates were screened by PCR and sequenced for genes encoding β-lactamases (except ENT from 1 site in Taiwan). Results 2082 PA (68.3% lower respiratory tract, 12.7% intraabdominal, 15.1% urinary tract, and 3.0% bloodstream infection isolates) and 8181 ENT isolates (29.8%, 27.8%, 32.5%, and 9.2%, respectively) were collected from patients ≥65 years old. In vitro susceptibility of PA and ENT stratified by length of hospital stay at time of specimen collection (LOS) is shown (Table). C/T maintained activity against 75.5% of 518 P/T-NS, 67.9% of 395 cefepime-NS, and 71.6% of 377 meropenem-NS PA isolates. Among 136 C/T-NS PA isolates, 44.9% carried metallo-β-lactamases (MBL), 0.7% KPC, 1.5% GES carbapenemases, 5.9% only ESBL, and in 47.1% no acquired β-lactamases were detected. Among 878 characterized C/T-NS ENT, 14.1% carried MBL, 5.2% KPC, 3.3% OXA-48-like carbapenemases, and 53.5% AmpC and/or ESBL; no acquired β-lactamases were detected in 23.8% of isolates, of which 89.5% were species with intrinsic AmpC. Table Conclusion Susceptibility of PA and ENT to all studied agents was lower for isolates collected ≥48 than < 48 hours post-admission. C/T was active against >92% of PA in both strata, 7-29 percentage points higher than the studied comparators except amikacin, and against >84% of ENT, 4-30% higher than the comparators except meropenem and amikacin. C/T is a potential new treatment option for older patients with infections caused by ENT and PA in Asia/Pacific. Disclosures Sibylle Lob, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant) Wei-Ting Chen, MD, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Taiwan (Employee) Yivonne Khoo, PhD, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Malaysia (Employee) Kanchan Balwani, MBBS, MS, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Hong Kong (Employee) Katherine Young, MS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Mary Motyl, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant)Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Independent Contractor)

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Tested against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from U.S. Medical Centers, 2013 to 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Dee Shortridge ◽  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Robert K. Flamm
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and many comparator agents was determined against various resistant subsets of organisms selected among 36,380 Enterobacteriaceae and 7,868 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The isolates were consecutively collected from 94 U.S. hospitals, and all isolates were tested for susceptibility by reference broth microdilution methods in a central monitoring laboratory (JMI Laboratories). Enterobacteriaceae isolates resistant to carbapenems (CRE) and/or ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml) were evaluated for the presence of genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases. Ceftazidime-avibactam inhibited >99.9% of all Enterobacteriaceae at the susceptible breakpoint of ≤8 μg/ml and was active against multidrug-resistant (MDR; n = 2,953; MIC50/90, 0.25/1 μg/ml; 99.2% susceptible), extensively drug-resistant (XDR; n = 448; MIC50/90, 0.5/2 μg/ml; 97.8% susceptible), and CRE (n = 513; MIC50/90, 0.5/2 μg/ml; 97.5% susceptible) isolates. Only 82.2% of MDR Enterobacteriaceae (n = 2,953) and 64.2% of ceftriaxone-nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1,063) isolates were meropenem susceptible. Among Enterobacter cloacae (22.2% ceftazidime nonsusceptible), 99.8% of the isolates, including 99.3% of the ceftazidime-nonsusceptible isolates, were ceftazidime-avibactam susceptible. Only 23 of 36,380 Enterobacteriaceae (0.06%) isolates were ceftazidime-avibactam nonsusceptible, including 9 metallo-β-lactamase producers and 2 KPC-producing strains with porin alteration; the remaining 12 strains showed negative results for all β-lactamases tested. Ceftazidime-avibactam showed potent activity against P. aeruginosa (MIC50/90, 2/4 μg/ml; 97.1% susceptible), including MDR (MIC50/90, 4/16 μg/ml; 86.5% susceptible) isolates, and inhibited 71.8% of isolates nonsusceptible to meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ceftazidime (n = 628). In summary, ceftazidime-avibactam demonstrated potent activity against a large collection (n = 44,248) of contemporary Gram-negative bacilli isolated from U.S. patients, including organisms resistant to most currently available agents, such as CRE and meropenem-nonsusceptible P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality evaluation of Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) protein isolate

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
William Renzo Cortez-Vega ◽  
Irene Rodrigues Freitas ◽  
Sandriane Pizato ◽  
Carlos Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Apparent Bioavailability

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to isolate Whitemouth croaker protein by alkaline solubilization process and evaluate their nutritional quality to evaluate the bioavailability of essential amino acids. Design/methodology/approach – The proximate composition, essential amino acid composition, in vitro digestibility, apparent bioavailability, chemical score of amino acids and SDS-PAGE were determined for the isolated croaker proteins. Findings – The isolated protein showed a high level of protein 92.21 percent and low amount of lipids 0.57 percent. The protein is rich in lysine and leucine, 108.73 and 96.75 mg/g protein, respectively. The protein isolate had high digestibility, 94.32 percent, which indicates proper utilization of this protein source, while the tryptophan had lower bioavailability (12.58 mg amino acid/mg protein). The high chemical scores were found for the amino acids lysine, methionine+cysteine (6.79 and 5.14). SDS-PAGE of proteins extracted showed appearance of the heavy chain of myosin (220 kDa), actin (50 kDa) and other fractions, with molecular weight between 20 and 50 kDa, such as troponin I, C and T. Originality/value – The products obtained from croaker muscle can be incorporated as a high value supplements in human diets. The isolated protein exhibited a high content of essential amino acids and digestibility, indicating that the protein has a high nutritional quality.

scholarly journals The Investigational Fungal Cyp51 Inhibitor VT-1129 Demonstrates PotentIn VitroActivity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2528-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn R. Lockhart ◽  
Annette W. Fothergill ◽  
Naureen Iqbal ◽  
Carol B. Bolden ◽  
Nina T. Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Panel

ABSTRACTThein vitroactivities of the novel fungal Cyp51 inhibitor VT-1129 were evaluated against a large panel ofCryptococcus neoformansandCryptococcus gattiiisolates. VT-1129 demonstrated potent activities against bothCryptococcusspecies as demonstrated by low MIC50and MIC90values. ForC. gattii, thein vitropotency was maintained against all genotypes. In addition, significantly lower geometric mean MICs were observed for VT-1129 than for fluconazole againstC. neoformans, including isolates with reduced fluconazole susceptibility.

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