scholarly journals Trovafloxacin in treatment of rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by high-level penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y S Kim ◽  
Q Liu ◽  
L L Chow ◽  
M G Täuber
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
High Level

The fluoroquinolone trovafloxacin was bactericidal (0.47 +/- 0.23 delta log10 CFU/ml x h after 10 mg/kg of body weight and 0.78 +/- 0.15 delta log10 CFU/ml x h after 30 mg/kg) in the treatment of experimental meningitis caused by a highly penicillin-resistant (MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration = 4 and 4 microg/ml) strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Combinations with ampicillin and rifampin were indifferent compared to single drugs.

Prosthesis Design for Bilateral Hip Disarticulation Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Mauricio Plaza Torres ◽  
William Aperador
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Patient Mobility ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Crush Injuries ◽  
High Level

Hip disarticulation is an amputation through the hip joint capsule, removing the entire lower extremity, with closure of the remaining musculature over the exposed acetabulum. Tumors of the distal and proximal femur were treated by total femur resection; a hip disarticulation sometimes is performance for massive trauma with crush injuries to the lower extremity. This article discusses the design a system for rehabilitation of a patient with bilateral hip disarticulations. The prosthetics designed allowed the patient to do natural gait suspended between parallel articulate crutches with the body weight support between the crutches. The care of this patient was a challenge due to bilateral amputations at such a high level and the special needs of a patient mobility.

scholarly journals Health risks and legal aspects of non-alcoholic drinks safe consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
T.V. Adamchuk ◽  
S.M. Kuzminskiy ◽  
Т.О. Shchutska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
High Level

Objective of the Work. Conduct an analysis of the safety studies of the major energy drink components carried out by various international scientific institutions. Compare European and Ukrainian legislation on the regulation of safe energy drink consumption. Methods and Materials. Analysis of scientific literature, as well as European and Ukrainian regulations on the safety and regulation of energy drinks. Results and Discussion. Non-alcoholic beverage is one that, due to its special component, activates the physiological functions of the human body. Its main components are caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, ginseng extracts, guarana and vitamin B complex. Caffeine safety assessment has been carried out by many scientific organizations. In 1991, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that caffeine was not classified as a human carcinogen. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has conducted a comprehensive and in-depth study on the safety of caffeine. The main findings of this study are: single doses of caffeine up to 200 mg (about 3 mg / kg body weight for an adult weighing 70 kg) do not cause safety concerns, regular caffeine intake up to 400 mg per day does not cause safety concerns for nonpregnant adults, regular caffeine intake of up to 200 mg daily by pregnant women does not cause fetal safety concerns, breastfeeding women do not raise infant safety concerns; for adolescents, caffeine intake in amounts that do not cause fears for adult caffeine intake (3 mg / kg body weight per day) may serve as a basis for determining safe single doses of caffeine and its daily intake, other components of energy drinks in concentrations typical of such drinks (about 300-320, 4000 and 2400 mg / l of caffeine, taurine and D-glucuronyl-γ-lactone, respectively), and also alcohol at doses up to 0.65 g / kg body weight do not affect the safety of receiving single doses of caffeine (up to 200 mg). Conclusions. The essential requirements governing the safe consumption of energy drinks relate to their labeling. In order to achieve a high level of consumer health protection, to guarantee their rights to obtain reliable information, to enable them to make a conscious choice of safe products for them, energy drink manufacturers should inform consumers about their products and the need to comply with the recommended consumption of these drinks. Key Words: energy drinks, caffeine, safety, risks, marking.

scholarly journals Profil Plumbum (Pb) dan Cadmium (Cd) sebagai Kontaminan Dampak Penggunaan Agrokimia serta Remediasi Biji Kedelai Menggunakan Swelling Agent pada Khelasi dengan Asam Sitrat

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sapto Priyadi ◽  
Purnama Darmaji ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
Pudji Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Swelling Agent ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This research were aimed to know the plumbum (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) profile on soybean seeds as contaminants of the impact use of agrochemistry material impact and to know of swelling agent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) needs at certain level of pH in chelation with citric acid. The results showed that the content of Pb in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.63 ppm, while cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.46 ppm. Cd content in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.05 ppm and the cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.1 ppm. Acceptable daily intake in terms of Pb content in soybean after treatment increases to 2.93 times compared before treatment (11.3379 to 33.2099 g per body weight per day). Acceptable daily intake in terms of the content of the Cd in soybean after treatment increases to 5.26 times compared before treatment. The value of the bio-concentration factor which expressed an accumulation of Pb in soybean seeds on both cultivation is low system (BCF<250), while for Cd is a moderate to high level (1.000<BCF>250). Cd reduction on soybeans seeds for all chelation treatment was maximum (not detected-detection limits was 0.01 ppm), while the highest reduction of Pb occurs at swelling agent N, N-dimethylformamide 15 mL at pH 10.

scholarly journals Bactericidal activity against intermediately cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid of children with bacterial meningitis treated with high doses of cefotaxime and vancomycin.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 2050-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Doit ◽  
J Barre ◽  
R Cohen ◽  
S Bonacorsi ◽  
A Bourrillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Resistant Pneumococcus

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken from 19 children with bacterial meningitis treated with cefotaxime (300 mg/kg of body weight/day) and vancomycin (60 mg/kg/day). Median levels of drugs in CSF were smaller than expected, as follows: 4.4 microg/ml for cefotaxime, 3.2 microg/ml for desacetylcefotaxime, and 1.7 microg/ml for vancomycin. The median CSF bactericidal titer against an intermediately cefotaxime-resistant pneumococcus was 1:4. Our data suggest at least an additive interaction between the drugs used in this study.

scholarly journals Production of chickens with marginal vitamin A deficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive E. West ◽  
S. Reinder Sijtsma ◽  
Harry P. F. Peters ◽  
Jan H. W. M. Rombout ◽  
Akke J. Van Der Zijpp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
General Health ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
High Level

Marginally vitamin A-deficient 1-d-old chickens capable of remaining healthy for at least 6 weeks were produced using a two-generation model. In this model, hens fed on diets with a limited vitamin A content were used to obtain 1-d-old chickens which were marginally deficient in vitamin A. Only hens with a narrow range of plasma retinol values (0.60–0.85 μmol/l) were satisfactory for this purpose. Above this range the 1-d-old chickens were not marginally vitamin A deficient. Below this range egg production and hatchability were affected to some extent depending on the degree of vitamin A deficiency. Even when egg production and hatchability remained at a high level in such birds, the 1-d-old chickens produced were not sufficiently strong to survive the first weeks of life. The advantages of the two-generation model for producing marginally vitamin A-deficient chickens are the increased uniformity and predictability of the chickens with respect to body-weight, general health and vitamin A status. However, it does take about 3 months to produce such chickens.

scholarly journals Clonal Spread of Highly β-Lactam-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Taiwan

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 2266-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chia Hsieh ◽  
Kuang-Yi Chang ◽  
Yi-Chuan Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Chuan Lin ◽  
Yu-Huai Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
High Level ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 364 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates and studied the genotypes of S. pneumoniae with high level β-lactam resistance in Taiwan. Clonal complexes related to Spain23F-1, Taiwan19F-14, and Taiwan23F-15 were responsible for the spread of isolates with high β-lactam resistance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Body Weight Support on Energy Expenditure in an Individual With High-Level Lower Extremity Amputation

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-265
Author(s):  
Carol A Miller ◽  
Dawn M Hayes ◽  
Bailey E Brooks ◽  
Katie Y Sloan ◽  
Phillip G Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
High Level ◽  
Extremity Amputation

scholarly journals Diversity of Substitutions within or Adjacent to Conserved Amino Acid Motifs of Penicillin-Binding Protein 2X in Cephalosporin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniaeIsolates

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1252-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Asahi ◽  
Yasuo Takeuchi ◽  
Kimiko Ubukata
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Motif ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT The sequence of an approximately 1.1-kb DNA fragment of thepbp2x gene, which encodes the transpeptidase domain, was determined for 35 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae for which the cefotaxime (CTX) MICs varied. Strains with substitutions within a conserved amino acid motif changing STMK to SAFK and a Leu-to-Val change just before the KSG motif were highly resistant to CTX (MIC, ≧2 μg/ml). Strains with substitutions adjacent to SSN or KSG motifs had low-level resistance. The amino acid substitutions were plotted on the three-dimensional crystallographic structure of the transpeptidase domain of PBP2X. Transformants containing pbp2x from strains with high-level CTX resistance increased the CTX MIC from 0.016 μg/ml to 0.5 to 1.0 μg/ml.

scholarly journals Alterations in MurM, a Cell Wall Muropeptide Branching Enzyme, Increase High-Level Penicillin and Cephalosporin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 2393-2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Smith ◽  
Keith P. Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Recipient Strain ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Branching Enzyme ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
A Cell ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maximal Expression

ABSTRACT We report that alteration in MurM, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of branched-stem cell wall muropeptides, is required for maximal expression of penicillin and cefotaxime resistance in the pneumococcus. Hungarian isolate 3191 (penicillin MIC, 16 μg/ml; cefotaxime MIC, 4 μg/ml) was a source of donor DNA in transformation experiments. Penicillin-binding protein DNA was insufficient to transform recipient strain R6 to full resistance. Further transformation with altered murM DNA was required for full expression of donor penicillin and cefotaxime resistance.

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