scholarly journals Vancomycin Resistance Plasmid in Enterococcus faecalis That Encodes Sensitivity to a Sex Pheromone Also Produced by Staphylococcus aureus

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 2177-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha A. Showsh ◽  
Erika H. De Boever ◽  
Don B. Clewell
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Plasmid

scholarly journals Plasmid pAMS1-Encoded, Bacteriocin-Related “Siblicide” in Enterococcus faecalis

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (9) ◽  
pp. 3183-3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Sedgley ◽  
Don B. Clewell ◽  
Susan E. Flannagan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Resistance Plasmid ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

ABSTRACT The Enterococcus faecalis class IIa bacteriocin MC4-1 encoded by the sex pheromone-responding, multiple-antibiotic resistance plasmid pAMS1 exhibits “siblicidal” (sibling-killing) activity under certain conditions. Stabs of plasmid-containing cells on solid medium containing lawns of bacteria of the same (plasmid-containing) strain give rise to zones of inhibition. If the plasmid-containing host also produces gelatinase, bacteriocin cannot be detected.

scholarly journals Roles of the Site 2 Protease Eep in Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danhong Cheng ◽  
Huiying Lv ◽  
Yong Yao ◽  
Sen Cheng ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Signal Peptidase ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT In Enterococcus faecalis, the site 2 protease Eep generates sex pheromones, including cAM373. Intriguingly, in Staphylococcus aureus, a peptide similar to cAM373, named cAM373_SA, is produced from the camS gene. Here, we report that the staphylococcal Eep homolog is not only responsible for the production of cAM373_SA but also critical for staphylococcal virulence. As with other Eep proteins, the staphylococcal Eep protein has four transmembrane (TM) domains, with the predicted zinc metalloprotease active site (HEXXH) in the first TM domain. eep deletion reduced the cAM373_SA activity in the culture supernatant to the level of the camS deletion mutant. It also markedly decreased the cAM373 peptide peak in a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Proteomics analysis showed that Eep affects the production and/or the release of diverse proteins, including the signal peptidase subunit SpsB and the surface proteins SpA, SasG, and FnbA. eep deletion decreased the adherence of S. aureus to host epithelial cells; however, the adherence of the eep mutant was increased by overexpression of the surface proteins SpA, SasG, and FnbA. eep deletion reduced staphylococcal resistance to killing by human neutrophils as well as survival in a murine model of blood infection. The overexpression of the surface protein SpA in the eep mutant increased bacterial survival in the liver. Our study illustrates that in S. aureus, Eep not only generates cAM373_SA but also contributes to the survival of the bacterial pathogen in the host. IMPORTANCE The emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus makes the treatment of staphylococcal infections much more difficult. S. aureus can acquire a drug resistance gene from other bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis. Intriguingly, S. aureus produces a sex pheromone for the E. faecalis plasmid pAM373, raising the possibility that S. aureus actively promotes plasmid conjugation from E. faecalis. In this study, we found that the staphylococcal Eep protein is responsible for sex pheromone processing and contributes to the survival of the bacteria in the host. These results will enhance future research on the drug resistance acquisition of S. aureus and can lead to the development of novel antivirulence drugs.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Strains That are Hypersusceptible to Resistance Gene Transfer from Enterococci

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2189-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M.-L. Sung ◽  
Jodi A. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resistance Transfer ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Restriction Modification

ABSTRACT We identified naturally occurring Staphylococcus aureus mutants of the restriction modification pathway SauI, including bovine lineage ST151. In a model of vancomycin resistance transfer from Enterococcus faecalis, ST151 isolates are 500 times more susceptible than human S. aureus isolates. The eradication of “hyperrecipient” strains may reduce the evolution of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus.

scholarly journals Glycerol Monolaurate Inhibits Induction of Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Ruzin ◽  
Richard P. Novick
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Glycerol Monolaurate ◽  
Initiation Of Transcription ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Virulence Factor Production

ABSTRACT Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a surfactant that has been found to inhibit the post-exponential phase activation of virulence factor production and the induction of β-lactamase in Staphylococcus aureus. It has been suggested that signal transduction is the most probable target for GML (S. J. Projan, S. Brown-Skrobot, P. M. Schlievert, F. Vandenesch, and R. P. Novick, J. Bacteriol. 176:4204–4209, 1994). We found that GML suppresses growth of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis on plates with vancomycin and blocks the induction of vancomycin resistance, which involves a membrane-associated signal transduction mechanism, either at or before initiation of transcription. Given the surfactant nature of GML and the results of previous experiments, we suggest that GML blocks signal transduction. In contrast, GML has no effect on the induction of erythromycin-inducible macrolide resistance in S. aureus, which does not involve signal transduction.

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burn Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Shawnm Ahmed Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Antibiotic resistance has become a major world health challenge and has limited the ability of physician's treatment. Staphylococcus aureus the most notorious pathogens causes morbidity and mortality especially in burn patients. However, Staphylococcus aureus rapidly acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic remains a drug of choice for treatment of severe Methicillin Resistance S. aureus infections. This study aimed to detect the emergence of beta-lactam and glycopeptide resistance genes. 50 clinical specimens of S. aureus collected from burn patients in burn and plastic surgery units in Sulaimani-Iraq city. All specimens were confirmed to be positive for S. aureus. All the isolates were assessed for their susceptibility to different antibiotics depending on NCCL standards, followed by Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase detection by double disk diffusion synergy test. The production of β- lactamases was evaluated in the isolated strains by several routine methods and polymerase chain reaction. Among the isolates 94% were Methicillin resistance and 34.28% were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producer. PCR based molecular technique was done for the bla genes related to β- lactamase enzymes by the specific primers, as well as genes which related to reduced sensitivity to Vancomycin were detected. The results indicated that all isolated showed the PBP1, PBP2, PBP3, PBP4, trfA and trfB, graSR, vraS except the vraR gene and the prolonged therapy of Methicillin resistance infection with teicoplanin have been associated with progress of resistance and the rise of tecoplanin resistance may be a prologue to evolving Vancomycin resistance. In conclusion, beta-lactam over taking can rise Vancomycin- Intermediate S. aureus strains leading to appearance of Vancomycin resistance although the treatment of Vancomycin resistant infections is challenging.

ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA IN VITRO DO EXTRATO AQUOSO, HIDROALCOÓLICO E ALCOÓLICO DE FOLHAS DE ESPÉCIES DA FAMÍLIA LAMIACEAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlynne Freire Mendonça ◽  
José Klauber Roger Carneiro ◽  
Maria Auxiliadora Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Objetivos: avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana em extrato aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico das folhas de espécies da família Lamiaceae frente a bactérias de interesse. Método: Foram escolhidas quatro espécies: Ocimum gratissimum, Plectranthus amboinicus, Mentha arvensis e Plectranthus barbatus. A partir das folhas foram confeccionados os extratos aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico nas concentrações 100mg/mL, 50mg/mL e 25mg/mL. Foram selecionadas as bactérias Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa para os ensaios de antibiose em Ágar Mueller-Hinton. Resultados: P. barbatus, em seu extrato hidroalcoólico mostrou ativo nas três concentrações para bactéria S. aureus, e ainda foi ativo para P. aeruginosa, demonstrando no extrato alcoólico atividade frente as bactérias. Para M. arvensis e P. amboinicus, seus extratos hidroalcoólico e alcoólico apresentaram atividade para S. aureus. Conclusão: Sugere-se que as espécies em questão apresentem boa atividade antimicrobiana, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos para melhor entender esse mecanismo.

The In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus robur L. Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves’ Extracts, from the Algerian High Plateaus Against some Uropathogenic Microbial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
E. Benyagoub ◽  
N. Nabbou ◽  
S. Boukhalkhel ◽  
I. Dehini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Microbial Strains

The medicinal value of the plants is due to their chemical components that bring a definite physiological action on the human body to prevent the diseases. In this work, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of leaves’ extracts of Quercus robur L., collected from the Algerian upper highlands, on ten bacterial strains and one fungal strain known to be pathogenic. First, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis, and second, antimicrobial activity tests performed by agar diffusion method (disc and well) with the determination of MIC by broth macro-dilution method. Given the results, it appears that obtained macerates of Quercus robur L. were rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, and other components. The yield of aqueous and methanolic macerates of leaves was 8.5 ± 1.41 and 22.4 ± 4.36%, respectively. The bacterial resistance was relatively important to several antibiotics, namely, ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid for strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. However, Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, and oxacillin; while Enterococcus faecalis was resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, oxacillin, and ticarcillin. The antibacterial activity of the macerates toward tested microbial strains showed that the aqueous and methanolic macerates of the leaves were proportional to the tested concentration and active not only against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also on the fungal species Candida albicans. The estimated MIC for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus was in the order of 10 mg/mL, which seems more effective than toward Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans which were in the order of 30 mg/mL. These preliminary results confirm that the part of the studied plant had a very good antimicrobial activity that was proportional to the serial concentrations of the tested extracts.

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