scholarly journals High Rate of Resistance to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin in Enterococcus faecium Clinical Isolates from Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 5176-5178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Sup Oh ◽  
Kwan Soo Ko ◽  
Jae-Hoon Song ◽  
Mi Young Lee ◽  
Sulhee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT We tested the in vitro susceptibilities of 603 enterococcal isolates from eight tertiary-care hospitals in Korea. The quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance rate in Enterococcus faecium was very high (25 isolates, 10.0%). It was suggested that both clonal spread and the sporadic emergence of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant isolates may explain the high prevalence of quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance in Korea.

scholarly journals Association of Alterations in ParC and GyrA Proteins with Resistance of Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecium to Nine Different Fluoroquinolones

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2513-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Brisse ◽  
Ad C. Fluit ◽  
Ulrich Wagner ◽  
Peter Heisig ◽  
Dana Milatovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Isolates

ABSTRACT The parC and gyrA genes of 73 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 6 ciprofloxacin-susceptibleEnterococcus faecium clinical isolates were partly sequenced. Alterations in ParC and GyrA, possibly in combination with other resistance mechanisms, severely restricted the in vitro activities of the nine quinolones tested. For all isolates, clinafloxacin and sitafloxacin showed the best activities.

In vitro activity of a novel antibacterial agent, levonadifloxacin, against clinical isolates collected in a prospective, multicentre surveillance study in India during 2016–18

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boppe Appalaraju ◽  
Sujata Baveja ◽  
Shrikala Baliga ◽  
Suchitra Shenoy ◽  
Renu Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract Background Levonadifloxacin is a novel antibiotic belonging to the benzoquinolizine subclass of fluoroquinolones with potent activity against MRSA and quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. IV levonadifloxacin and its oral prodrug alalevonadifloxacin have recently been approved in India for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) including diabetic foot infections. Objectives To investigate the in vitro activity of levonadifloxacin against contemporary clinical isolates collected from multiple tertiary care hospitals across India in the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Indian Resistotypes (ASPIRE) surveillance study. Methods A total of 1376 clinical isolates, consisting of staphylococci (n = 677), streptococci (n = 178), Enterobacterales (n = 320), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 140) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 61), collected (2016–18) from 16 tertiary hospitals located across 12 states in India, were included in the study. The MICs of levonadifloxacin and comparator antibiotics were determined using the reference agar dilution method and broth microdilution method. Results Levonadifloxacin exhibited potent activity against MSSA (MIC50/90: 0.5/1 mg/L), MRSA (MIC50/90: 0.5/1 mg/L) and levofloxacin-resistant S. aureus (MIC50/90: 1/1 mg/L) isolates. Similarly, potent activity of levonadifloxacin was also observed against CoNS including MDR isolates (MIC50/90: 1/2 mg/L). Against Streptococcus pneumoniae, levonadifloxacin (MIC50/90: 0.5/0.5 mg/L) showed superior activity compared with levofloxacin (MIC50/90: 1/2 mg/L). Among levofloxacin-susceptible Enterobacterales, 80.6% of isolates were inhibited at ≤2 mg/L levonadifloxacin. Conclusions Levonadifloxacin displayed potent activity against contemporary MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant staphylococcal isolates, thus offering a valuable IV as well as an oral therapeutic option for the treatment of ABSSSIs. Furthermore, levonadifloxacin exhibited a broad-spectrum activity profile as evident from its activity against streptococci and levofloxacin-susceptible Gram-negative isolates.

Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. DUBEY ◽  
E. G. LAGO ◽  
S. M. GENNARI ◽  
C. SU ◽  
J. L. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYInfections by the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondiiare widely prevalent in humans and animals in Brazil. The burden of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans is considered to be very high. The high prevalence and encouragement of the Brazilian Government provides a unique opportunity for international groups to study the epidemiology and control of toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Many early papers on toxoplasmosis in Brazil were published in Portuguese and often not available to scientists in English-speaking countries. In the present paper we review prevalence, clinical spectrum, molecular epidemiology, and control ofT. gondiiin humans and animals in Brazil. This knowledge should be useful to biologists, public health workers, veterinarians, and physicians. Brazil has a very high rate ofT. gondiiinfection in humans. Up to 50% of elementary school children and 50–80% of women of child-bearing age have antibodies toT. gondii. The risks for uninfected women to acquire toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and fetal transmission are high because the environment is highly contaminated with oocysts. The burden of toxoplasmosis in congenitally infected children is also very high. From limited data on screening of infants forT. gondiiIgM at birth, 5–23 children are born infected per 10 000 live births in Brazil. Based on an estimate of 1 infected child per 1000 births, 2649 children with congenital toxoplasmosis are likely to be born annually in Brazil. Most of these infected children are likely to develop symptoms or signs of clinical toxoplasmosis. Among the congenitally infected children whose clinical data are described in this review, several died soon after birth, 35% had neurological disease including hydrocephalus, microcephaly and mental retardation, 80% had ocular lesions, and in one report 40% of children had hearing loss. The severity of clinical toxoplasmosis in Brazilian children may be associated with the genetic characteristics ofT. gondiiisolates prevailing in animals and humans in Brazil.

scholarly journals High Level Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Clinical Infections at a Tertiary Healthcare Institution in South-West Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Ronke Ojewuyi ◽  
Babatunde Odetoyin ◽  
Aaron Oladipo Aboderin
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has become a growing clinical concern worldwide. Recent reports from Nigeria revealed that qunolone resistant clinical isolates have become commomplace. However, few reports regarding the prevalence of PMQR are available. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of PMQR genes in qunolone resistant clinical isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional hospital based study involving 390 non-repetitive Gram negative bacilli from diverse clinical infections. The isolates were characterized by the MicrobactTM identification kit and their susceptibility patterns determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. All quinolone resistant isolates were investigated for the carriage of PMQR genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data analysis was with appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics.Results The isolates were distributed as Escherichia coli (n=121; 31.0%), Klebsiella species (n= 112;28.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=59;15.1%), Proteus species (n=43;11.0%), Salmonella species (n=6;1.3%) and others. They were commonly resistant to nalidixic (62.6%), co-amoxiclav (57.7%); norfloxacin (52.3%), ofloxacin(52.1%) and ciprofloxacin(51.0%), but were least resistant to imipenem; (n=36; 9.2%). Out of 244 isolates that were resistant to at least one quinolone, 180 (73.8%) harboured one or more PMQR gene with a high prevalence of efflux-mediating determinants (qepA, 22.5%; oqxAB, 21.1%), and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aac(6’)-Ib-cr, 19.7%). Proportionately low level of target-protecting determinants; qnrB, 13.2%; qnrS, 8.7%; qnrA, 5.9%; qnrD, 4.5% and qnrC, 4.2% were found in these isolates.Conclusion There is high level quinolone resistance and wide distribution of PMQR genes in clinical isolates in Nigeria with a preponderance of Efflux-mediating determinants and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. This emphasizes the need for regular resistance surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to guide the appropriate and judicious use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Hypoarousal non-stationary ADHD biomarker based on echo-state networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ibanez-Soria ◽  
A. Soria-Frisch ◽  
J. Garcia-Ojalvo ◽  
Jacobo Picardo ◽  
Gloria García-Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Echo State Networks ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Very High ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders of childhood and therefore presents a very high prevalence rate. However the high rate of ADHD misdiagnosis makes the discovery of neurophysiological ADHD biomarkers an important clinical challenge. This study proposes a novel non-stationary ADHD biomarker based on Echo State Networks to quantify EEG dynamical changes between low attention/arousal states (resting with eyes closed, or EC) and normal attention/arousal states (resting with eyes open, or EO). Traditionally, EEG biomarkers have revealed an increase in stationary power in the theta band along with a decrease in beta, with these frequencies largely accepted to be altered in the ADHD population. We successfully verify the hypothesis that measured differences between these two conditions are altered in the ADHD population. Statistically significant differences between a group of ADHD subjects and an aged-matched control population were obtained in theta and beta rhythms. Our network discriminates between EO/EC EEG regimes in the ADHDs better than in controls, suggesting that differences in EEG patterns between low and normal arousal/attention states are larger in the ADHD population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dementia in Colombian populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efraín Amaya Vargas ◽  
Ángela Magnolia Ríos Gallardo ◽  
Guillermo González Manrrique ◽  
Lina M. Murcia-Paredes ◽  
María Consuelo Angarita Riaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

With the gradual increase in the life expectancy of the population due to scientific progress and public health at the service of society, the prevalence of dementia has been increasing at different rates worldwide. Currently, the prevalence rates range between 5% and 7% (6.4% in the U.S. and up to 8.5 % in Latin America) in subjects older than 60 years. The lowest prevalence rate (2.1%) has been reported from sub-Saharan Africa, probably due to selective mortality under 60 years of age. By contrast, a very high prevalence of dementia (23.6% dementia in individuals ≥60 years) was observed in the city of Neiva, Southern Colombia. We believe that this high rate could be explained by the presence of several risk factors such as very low schooling, low socio-economic strata, chronic diseases, the inclusion of geriatric homes among others, and additional unknown factors.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Colistin and Sitafloxacin Combinations against Multidrug-, Carbapenem-, and Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Using the Broth Microdilution Checkerboard and Time-Kill Methods

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Vipavee Rodjun ◽  
Jantana Houngsaitong ◽  
Preecha Montakantikul ◽  
Taniya Paiboonvong ◽  
Piyatip Khuntayaporn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections are a critical global problem, with limited treatment choices. This study aims to determine the in vitro activities of colistin–sitafloxacin combinations against multidrug-, carbapenem- and colistin-resistant A. baumannii (MDR-AB, CRAB, CoR-AB, respectively) clinical isolates from tertiary care hospitals. We used the broth microdilution checkerboard and time-kill methods in this study. Synergy was found using both methods. The colistin–sitafloxacin combination showed synergy in MDR-AB, CRAB, and CoR-AB isolates (3.4%, 3.1%, and 20.9%, respectively). No antagonism was found in any type of drug-resistant isolate. The majority of CoR-AB isolates became susceptible to colistin (95.4%). The time-kill method also showed that this combination could suppress regrowth back to the initial inocula of all representative isolates. Our results demonstrated that the colistin–sitafloxacin combination might be an interesting option for the treatment of drug-resistant A. baumannii. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are required.

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