scholarly journals Prevalence of Cefotaxime-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Cattle and Sheep in Northern Spain: Phenotypic and Genome-Based Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maitane Tello ◽  
Medelin Ocejo ◽  
Beatriz Oporto ◽  
Ana Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

ABSTRACT In order to estimate herd-level prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase (ESBL/AmpC)- and carbapenemase-producing commensal Escherichia coli in ruminants in the Basque Country (northern Spain), a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 to 2016 in 300 herds using selective isolation. ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli was isolated in 32.9% of dairy cattle herds, 9.6% of beef cattle herds, and 7.0% of sheep flocks. No carbapenemase-producing E. coli was isolated. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility determined by broth microdilution using EUCAST epidemiological cutoff values identified widespread coresistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and other antimicrobials (110/135 isolates), particularly tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, imipenem, meropenem, and colistin. The genomes of 66 isolates were sequenced using an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants against ResFinder and PointFinder. The plasmid/chromosomal locations of resistance genes were predicted with PlasFlow, and plasmid replicons were identified using PlasmidFinder. Fifty-two acquired resistance genes and point mutations in another four genes that coded for resistance to 11 antimicrobial classes were identified. Fifty-five genomes carried ESBL-encoding genes, blaCTX-M-14 being the most common, and 11 carried determinants of the AmpC phenotype, mostly the blaCMY-2 gene. Additionally, genes coding for β-lactamases of the CTX-M group 9 were detected as well as the sporadic presence of blaSHV-12, blaCMY-4, and a point mutation in the ampC promoter. Only a bovine isolate coharbored more than one ESBL/AmpC genetic determinant (blaCTX-M-14 and a mutation in the ampC promoter), confirming its ESBL- and AmpC β-lactamase-producing phenotype. Most ESBL/AmpC genes were located in IncI1 plasmids, which also carried a great variety of other antimicrobial resistance genes. IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC)-producing E. coli isolates have emerged in recent years as some of the fastest spreading antimicrobial resistance determinants in humans and food-producing animals, becoming a concern for animal and public health. This study provided insight into the prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli in cattle and sheep in the Basque Country and the associated genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance. These constituted an important contribution to the limited repository of such data for cattle in the region and for sheep worldwide. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by phenotypic and molecular methods is key in surveillance programs to enhance early detection of resistance development, monitor resistance trends, and provide guidance to clinicians in selecting the adequate therapy.

scholarly journals Incidence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Community- and Hospital-Associated Intra-Abdominal Infections in Europe: Results of the 2008 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 3043-3046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Hawser ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Abdominal Infections

ABSTRACT From 2002 to 2008, there was a significant increase in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Escherichia coli isolates in European intra-abdominal infections, from 4.3% in 2002 to 11.8% in 2008 (P < 0.001), but not for ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (16.4% to 17.9% [P > 0.05]). Hospital-associated isolates were more common than community-associated isolates, at 14.0% versus 6.5%, respectively, for E. coli (P < 0.001) and 20.9% versus 5.3%, respectively, for K. pneumoniae (P < 0.01). Carbapenems were consistently the most active drugs tested.

scholarly journals Impact of UV and Peracetic Acid Disinfection on the Prevalence of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Wastewater Effluents

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 3656-3666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basanta Kumar Biswal ◽  
Ramzi Khairallah ◽  
Kareem Bibi ◽  
Alberto Mazza ◽  
Ronald Gehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽  
Municipal Wastewaters ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWastewater discharges may increase the populations of pathogens, includingEscherichia coli, and of antimicrobial-resistant strains in receiving waters. This study investigated the impact of UV and peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection on the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), the most abundantE. colipathotype in municipal wastewaters. Laboratory disinfection experiments were conducted on wastewater treated by physicochemical, activated sludge, or biofiltration processes; 1,766E. coliisolates were obtained for the evaluation. The target disinfection level was 200 CFU/100 ml, resulting in UV and PAA doses of 7 to 30 mJ/cm2and 0.9 to 2.0 mg/liter, respectively. The proportions of UPECs were reduced in all samples after disinfection, with an average reduction by UV of 55% (range, 22% to 80%) and by PAA of 52% (range, 11% to 100%). Analysis of urovirulence genes revealed that the decline in the UPEC populations was not associated with any particular virulence factor. A positive association was found between the occurrence of urovirulence and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, the changes in the prevalence of ARGs in potential UPECs were different following disinfection, i.e., UV appears to have had no effect, while PAA significantly reduced the ARG levels. Thus, this study showed that both UV and PAA disinfections reduced the proportion of UPECs and that PAA disinfection also reduced the proportion of antimicrobial resistance gene-carrying UPEC pathotypes in municipal wastewaters.

scholarly journals ESKAPE Bacteria and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Wastewater and Process Water from German Poultry Slaughterhouses

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Savin ◽  
Gabriele Bierbaum ◽  
Jens Andre Hammerl ◽  
Céline Heinemann ◽  
Marijo Parcina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Clinically Relevant Bacteria

ABSTRACT The wastewater of livestock slaughterhouses is considered a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria with clinical relevance and may thus be important for their dissemination into the environment. To get an overview of their occurrence and characteristics, we investigated process water (n = 50) from delivery and unclean areas as well as wastewater (n = 32) from the in-house wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of two German poultry slaughterhouses (slaughterhouses S1 and S2). The samples were screened for ESKAPE bacteria (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) and Escherichia coli. Their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and the presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and mobilizable colistin resistance genes were determined. Selected ESKAPE bacteria were epidemiologically classified using different molecular typing techniques. At least one of the target species was detected in 87.5% (n = 28/32) of the wastewater samples and 86.0% (n = 43/50) of the process water samples. The vast majority of the recovered isolates (94.9%, n = 448/472) was represented by E. coli (39.4%), the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (ACB) complex (32.4%), S. aureus (12.3%), and K. pneumoniae (10.8%), which were widely distributed in the delivery and unclean areas of the individual slaughterhouses, including their wastewater effluents. Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., and P. aeruginosa were less abundant and made up 5.1% of the isolates. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed that the recovered isolates exhibited diverse resistance phenotypes and β-lactamase genes. In conclusion, wastewater effluents from the investigated poultry slaughterhouses exhibited clinically relevant bacteria (E. coli, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and species of the ACB and Enterobacter cloacae complexes) that contribute to the dissemination of clinically relevant resistances (i.e., blaCTX-M or blaSHV and mcr-1) in the environment. IMPORTANCE Bacteria from livestock may be opportunistic pathogens and carriers of clinically relevant resistance genes, as many antimicrobials are used in both veterinary and human medicine. They may be released into the environment from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which are influenced by wastewater from slaughterhouses, thereby endangering public health. Moreover, process water that accumulates during the slaughtering of poultry is an important reservoir for livestock-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria and may serve as a vector of transmission to occupationally exposed slaughterhouse employees. Mitigation solutions aimed at the reduction of the bacterial discharge into the production water circuit as well as interventions against their further transmission and dissemination need to be elaborated. Furthermore, the efficacy of in-house WWTPs needs to be questioned. Reliable data on the occurrence and diversity of clinically relevant bacteria within the slaughtering production chain and in the WWTP effluents in Germany will help to assess their impact on public and environmental health.

scholarly journals Decline and Rise of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Middle Ear Fluid in Children: Influence of Changes in Circulating Serotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 3989-3991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Pérez-Trallero ◽  
José M. Marimón ◽  
Marta Alonso ◽  
María Ercibengoa ◽  
José M. García-Arenzana
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

ABSTRACTChanges in the antimicrobial susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecausing otitis media were studied in 916 isolates from children <5 years old between 1999 and 2010 in a region of northern Spain. The rate of antimicrobial resistance decreased between the period before the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (from 1999 to 2001) and the period from 2005 to 2007. However, in 2008 to 2010, resistance rates increased again due to the spread of serotype 19A, especially the multidrug-resistant ST320 and ST276 clones.

scholarly journals Assessing Transmission of Antimicrobial-ResistantEscherichia coliin Wild Giraffe Contact Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Miller ◽  
Timothy J. Johnson ◽  
George Omondi ◽  
Edward R. Atwill ◽  
Lynne A. Isbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Populations

ABSTRACTThere is growing evidence that anthropogenic sources of antibiotics and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can spill over into natural ecosystems, raising questions about the role wild animals play in the emergence, maintenance, and dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes. In particular, we lack an understanding of how resistance genes circulate within wild animal populations, including whether specific host characteristics, such as social associations, promote interhost transmission of these genes. In this study, we used social network analysis to explore the forces shaping population-level patterns of resistantEscherichia coliin wild giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) and assess the relative importance of social contact for the dissemination of resistantE. colibetween giraffe. Of 195 giraffe sampled, only 5.1% harboredE. coliisolates resistant to one or more tested antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing on a subset of resistant isolates revealed a number of acquired resistance genes with linkages to mobile genetic elements. However, we found no evidence that the spread of resistance genes among giraffe was facilitated by interhost associations. Giraffe with lower social degree were more likely to harbor resistantE. coli, but this relationship was likely driven by a correlation between an individual’s social connectedness and age. Indeed, resistantE. coliwas most frequently detected in socially isolated neonates, indicating that resistantE. colimay have a selective advantage in the gastrointestinal tracts of neonates compared to other age classes. Taken together, these results suggest that the maintenance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in wild populations may, in part, be determined by host traits and microbial competition dynamics within the host.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance represents a significant threat to human health, food security, and the global economy. To fully understand the evolution and dissemination of resistance genes, a complete picture of antimicrobial resistance in all biological compartments, including natural ecosystems, is required. The environment and wild animals may act as reservoirs for anthropogenically derived resistance genes that could be transferrable to clinically relevant bacteria of humans and domestic animals. Our study investigated the possible transmission mechanisms for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria within a wild animal population and, more broadly, contributes to our understanding of how resistance genes are spread and maintained in natural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Farm Animals from 1999 to 2002: Report from the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3533-3537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Kojima ◽  
Yoshikazu Ishii ◽  
Kanako Ishihara ◽  
Hidetake Esaki ◽  
Tetsuo Asai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistance Monitoring ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Nationwide Surveillance

ABSTRACT A nationwide surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing animals in Japan was conducted from 1999 to 2002. Eighteen cefazolin-resistant E. coli strains were isolated from broilers. Six were CTX-M-type producing, and eight were CMY-2 producing, while eight had mutations at the ampC promoter region.

scholarly journals Distribution and Relationships of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants among Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant or Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Rivers and Sewage Treatment Plants in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 2972-2980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Akiba ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sekizuka ◽  
Akifumi Yamashita ◽  
Makoto Kuroda ◽  
Yuki Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTTo determine the distribution and relationship of antimicrobial resistance determinants among extended-spectrum-cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant or carbapenem-resistantEscherichia coliisolates from the aquatic environment in India, water samples were collected from rivers or sewage treatment plants in five Indian states. A total of 446E. coliisolates were randomly obtained. Resistance to ESC and/or carbapenem was observed in 169 (37.9%)E. coliisolates, which were further analyzed. These isolates showed resistance to numerous antimicrobials; more than half of the isolates exhibited resistance to eight or more antimicrobials. TheblaNDMgene was detected in 14/21 carbapenem-resistantE. coliisolates:blaNDM-1in 2 isolates,blaNDM-5in 7 isolates, andblaNDM-7in 5 isolates. TheblaCTX-Mgene was detected in 112 isolates (66.3%):blaCTX-M-15in 108 isolates andblaCTX-M-55in 4 isolates. We extracted 49 plasmids from selected isolates, and their whole-genome sequences were determined. Fifty resistance genes were detected, and 11 different combinations of replicon types were observed among the 49 plasmids. The network analysis results suggested that the plasmids sharing replicon types tended to form a community, which is based on the predicted gene similarity among the plasmids. Four communities each containing from 4 to 17 plasmids were observed. Three of the four communities contained plasmids detected in different Indian states, suggesting that the interstate dissemination of ancestor plasmids has already occurred. Comparison of the DNA sequences of theblaNDM-positive plasmids detected in this study with known sequences of related plasmids suggested that various mutation events facilitated the evolution of the plasmids and that plasmids with similar genetic backgrounds have widely disseminated in India.

scholarly journals In VitroAntimicrobial Resistance of Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates among U.S. Outpatients from 2000 to 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 2181-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo V. Sanchez ◽  
Ronald N. Master ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Jose M. Bordon
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Minimal Change ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Data

ABSTRACTThis study examinesin vitroantimicrobial resistance data fromEscherichia coliisolates obtained from urine samples of U.S. outpatients between 2000 and 2010 using The Surveillance Network (TSN). Antimicrobial susceptibility results (n= 12,253,679) showed the greatest increases inE. coliresistance from 2000 to 2010 for ciprofloxacin (3% to 17.1%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (17.9% to 24.2%), whereas nitrofurantoin (0.8% to 1.6%) and ceftriaxone (0.2% to 2.3%) showed minimal change. From 2000 to 2010, the antimicrobial resistance of urinaryE. coliisolates to ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX among outpatients increased substantially.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages Isolated from Chicken Meat and the Horizontal Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (14) ◽  
pp. 4600-4606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Shousha ◽  
Nattakarn Awaiwanont ◽  
Dmitrij Sofka ◽  
Frans J. M. Smulders ◽  
Peter Paulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance in microbes poses a global and increasing threat to public health. The horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes was thought to be due largely to conjugative plasmids or transposons, with only a minor part being played by transduction through bacteriophages. However, whole-genome sequencing has recently shown that the latter mechanism could be highly important in the exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes between microorganisms and environments. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes by phages could underlie the origin of resistant bacteria found in food. We show that chicken meat carries a number of phages capable of transferring antimicrobial resistance. Of 243 phages randomly isolated from chicken meat, about a quarter (24.7%) were able to transduce resistance to one or more of the five antimicrobials tested intoEscherichia coliATCC 13706 (DSM 12242). Resistance to kanamycin was transduced the most often, followed by that to chloramphenicol, with four phages transducing tetracycline resistance and three transducing ampicillin resistance. Phages able to transduce antimicrobial resistance were isolated from 44% of the samples of chicken meat that we tested. The statistically significant (P= 0.01) relationship between the presence of phages transducing kanamycin resistance andE. coliisolates resistant to this antibiotic suggests that transduction may be an important mechanism for transferring kanamycin resistance toE. coli. It appears that the transduction of resistance to certain antimicrobials, e.g., kanamycin, not only is widely distributed inE. coliisolates found on meat but also could represent a major mechanism for resistance transfer. The result is of high importance for animal and human health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli other than serotype O157 : H7 in England, 2014–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gentle ◽  
Martin R. Day ◽  
Katie L. Hopkins ◽  
Gauri Godbole ◽  
Claire Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Link Type

Introduction. Despite many ongoing surveillance projects and the recent focus on the veterinary and clinical ‘One Health’ aspects of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), evidence of the extent of any public health risk posed by animal reservoirs with respect to the transmission of resistant strains of Escherichia coli to humans remains varied and contentious. In the UK, the main zoonotic reservoir for the foodborne pathogen Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is cattle and sheep. In this study, we adopt an alternative approach to the risk assessment of transmission of AMR E. coli from animals to humans, involving monitoring AMR in isolates of STEC, an established zoonotic, foodborne pathogen, from human cases of gastrointestinal disease. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the genome-derived AMR profiles for STEC from human cases to assess the risk of transmission of multidrug-resistant STEC from ruminants to humans. Methodology. STEC belonging to 10 different clonal complexes (CCs) (n=457) isolated from human faecal specimens were sequenced and genome-derived AMR profiles were determined. Phenotypic susceptibility testing was undertaken on all isolates (n=100) predicted to be resistant to at least one class of antimicrobial. Results. Of the 457 isolates, 332 (72.7 %) lacked identifiable resistance genes and were predicted to be fully susceptible to 11 classes of antimicrobials; 125/332 (27.3 %) carried 1 or more resistance genes, of which 83/125 (66.4 %) were resistant to 3 or more classes of antibiotic. The percentage of isolates harbouring AMR determinants varied between CCs, from 4% in CC25 to 100% in CC504. Forty-six different AMR genes were detected, which conferred resistance to eight different antibiotic classes. Resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines and sulphonamides was most commonly detected. Four isolates were identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. An overall concordance of 97.7 % (n=1075/1100) was demonstrated between the phenotypic and genotypic methods. Conclusion. This analysis provided an indirect assessment of the risk of transmission of AMR gastrointestinal pathogens from animals to humans, and revealed a subset of human isolates of the zoonotic pathogen STEC were resistant to the antimicrobials used in animal husbandry. However, this proportion has not increased over the last three decades, and thismay provide evidence that guidancepromoting responsible practice has been effective.

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