scholarly journals Capacity of Human Nisin- and Pediocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria To Reduce Intestinal Colonization by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1997-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Millette ◽  
Gilbert Cornut ◽  
Claude Dupont ◽  
François Shareck ◽  
Denis Archambault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT This study demonstrated the capacity of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to reduce intestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a mouse model. Lactococcus lactis MM19 and Pediococcus acidilactici MM33 are bacteriocin producers isolated from human feces. The bacteriocin secreted by P. acidilactici is identical to pediocin PA-1/AcH, while PCR analysis demonstrated that L. lactis harbors the nisin Z gene. LAB were acid and bile tolerant when assayed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. A well diffusion assay using supernatants from LAB demonstrated strong activity against a clinical isolate of VRE. A first in vivo study was done using C57BL/6 mice that received daily intragastric doses of L. lactis MM19, P. acidilactici MM33, P. acidilactici MM33A (a pediocin mutant that had lost its ability to produce pediocin), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 18 days. This study showed that L. lactis and P. acidilactici MM33A increased the concentrations of total LAB and anaerobes while P. acidilactici MM33 decreased the Enterobacteriaceae populations. A second in vivo study was done using VRE-colonized mice that received the same inocula as those in the previous study for 16 days. In L. lactis-fed mice, fecal VRE levels 1.73 and 2.50 log10 CFU/g lower than those in the PBS group were observed at 1 and 3 days postinfection. In the P. acidilactici MM33-fed mice, no reduction was observed at 1 day postinfection but a reduction of 1.85 log10 CFU/g was measured at 3 days postinfection. Levels of VRE in both groups of mice treated with bacteriocin-producing LAB were undetectable at 6 days postinfection. No significant difference in mice fed the pediocin-negative strain compared to the control group was observed. This is the first demonstration that human L. lactis and P. acidilactici nisin- and pediocin-producing strains can reduce VRE intestinal colonization.

Microbiota and epigenetic regulation of inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetes and obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Remely ◽  
E. Aumueller ◽  
D. Jahn ◽  
B. Hippe ◽  
H. Brath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Significant Difference

Metabolic syndrome is associated with alterations in the structure of the gut microbiota leading to low-grade inflammatory responses. An increased penetration of the impaired gut membrane by bacterial components is believed to induce this inflammation, possibly involving epigenetic alteration of inflammatory molecules such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We evaluated changes of the gut microbiota and epigenetic DNA methylation of TLR2 and TLR4 in three groups of subjects: type 2 diabetics under glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist therapy, obese individuals without established insulin resistance, and a lean control group. Clostridium cluster IV, Clostridium cluster XIVa, lactic acid bacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroidetes abundances were analysed by PCR and 454 high-throughput sequencing. The epigenetic methylation in the regulatory region of TLR4 and TLR2 was analysed using bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing. We observed a significantly higher ratio of Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes in type 2 diabetics compared to lean controls and obese. Major differences were shown in lactic acid bacteria, with the highest abundance in type 2 diabetics, followed by obese and lean participants. In comparison, F. prausnitzii was least abundant in type 2 diabetics, and most abundant in lean controls. Methylation analysis of four CpGs in the first exon of TLR4 showed significantly lower methylation in obese individuals, but no significant difference between type 2 diabetics and lean controls. Methylation of seven CpGs in the promoter region of TLR2 was significantly lower in type 2 diabetics compared to obese subjects and lean controls. The methylation levels of both TLRs were significantly correlated with body mass index. Our data suggest that changes in gut microbiota and thus cell wall components are involved in the epigenetic regulation of inflammatory reactions. An improved diet targeted to induce gut microbial balance and in the following even epigenetic changes of pro-inflammatory genes may be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals VIABILITAS BAKTERI PROBIOTIK IN-VITRO DAN PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR OKSIGEN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI PROBIOTIK SECARA IN-VIVO

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Enok Sobariah ◽  
Ali Khomsan ◽  
Ingrid S. Surono
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygenated Water

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 12.45pt 6pt 17.85pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">The aim of this study were  to identify the in-vitro tolerance of pro-biotic bacteria to acid and bile salt condition; and  to prove a hypothesis that the supplementation of oxygenated water has a positive effect on the body weight of rat and on viability of pro-biotic bacteria.  The first study was carried out at PAU Laboratory of Bogor Agricultural University, while the second study was conducted at Department of Community Nutrition of Bogor Agricultural University and Microbiology Laboratory of Indonesia Institute of Technology. Forty five rats aged 6 weeks were divided into three groups, i.e., control group without probiotic (a0), Lactobacillus casei Shirota (a1), and Lactobacillus IS-7257 (a2).  Each group (consisting of 5 rats each) has three different treatments, namely, control without oxygenated water (b0), 50 ppm oxygenated water (b2), and 80 ppm oxygenated water (b2). Oxygenated water was administered to the rats twice a day in the morning (3.25 ml) and afternoon (3.00 ml). Observation was carried out on the body  weight of the rats, fecal lactic acid bacteria, coliform, and anaerob bacteria by plate counting, for 4 periods, i.e, prior to the treatment (C0), after three-day treatment (C1), after seven-day treatment (C2), and on the 10<sup>th</sup> day treatment or three days after washed out period. The results indicated that probiotic bacteria are resistant to acid and bile acid condition. Oxygen concentration in water has a significant positive influence on the body weight of rats towards viability of probiotic bacteria (p-level &lt; 0.05).  The supplementation of  oxygenated water 50 ppm significantly increase the population of viable fecal lactic acid bacteria in L. casei Shirota and Lactobacillus IS-7257 groups after 3 and 7 days of treatment.  Lactobacillus IS-7257 gave better response than L. casei Shirota. The supplementation of oxygenated water 80 ppm significantly reduces the fecal coliform in-vivo in both L. casei Shirota and Lactobacillus IS-7257 groups (p-level &lt; 0.05).</span></p>

scholarly journals Improvement of Experimentally Induced Hepatic and Renal Disorders in Rats using Lactic Acid Bacteria-fermented Soybean Extract (Biofermentics™)

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Shin ◽  
Momoyo Suzuki ◽  
Takeo Mizutani ◽  
Nobuyuki Susa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Disorders ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Malondialdehyde Formation ◽  
Soybean Extract

The effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented soybean extract (Biofermentics™; BF) on experimental models of hepatic and renal disorders were investigatedin vivoandin vitro. In rat, hepatitis induced by feeding of deoxycholic acid (DCA, 0.5 wt/wt,n= 6) or intraperitoneal injection ofd-galactosamine (GMN, 500 mg/body wt,n= 6), the increase in serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) levels were inhibited significantly (P< 0.05) by feeding a diet containing 5% dried BF. Moreover, the BF-administered rat group showed lower concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and a larger amount of urine as compared with values in the control group. Pretreatment of primary cell cultures of rat hepatic and renal cells with BF prior to exposure to dichromate (K2Cr2O7) resulted in a marked decrease of dichromate-induced cytotoxicity as evaluated by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase The levels of dichromate-induced lipid peroxidation, as monitored by malondialdehyde formation, were also reduced by pretreatment of hepatocytes with BF. These results suggest that BF may play a role in hepatic and renal disorders, and may be useful for maintaining health in humans as well.

Evaluation of Peanut Flour Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Probiotic Food

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.-F. Wang ◽  
Y.-H. Shi ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
G.-W. Le
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Peanut Flour ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Food

The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic value of peanut flour fermented with lactic acid bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Four strains including Lactobacillus delbrueckii LD09, Lactobacillus casei LC35, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA51, and Lactobacillus plantarum P9 were screened for their growth and survival in peanut flour. Among all the strains, L. plantarum P9 grew to the highest cell population (9.48 log cfu/g) in peanut flour after 72 h fermentation at 37°C. After 28 days storage at 4°C, no marked change in the viable count of this strain was observed. Peanut flour fermented with L. plantarum P9 could also increase the content of crude protein and the degree of protein hydrolysis. In an in vitro system, the addition of protein from the fermented peanut flour greatly enhanced the survival of L. plantarum P9 in simulated gastric and bile juices. In vivo studies, supplementation with the fermented peanut flour in the diet of mice increased significantly the number of lactobacilli in the fecal samples compared to the control group. At the same time, the number of enterobacteria decreased significantly. These results indicated that peanut flour fermented with L. plantarum P9 strain could be a novel type of probiotic food.

scholarly journals In Vivo Transfer of the vanA Resistance Gene from an Enterococcus faecium Isolate of Animal Origin to an E. faecium Isolate of Human Origin in the Intestines of Human Volunteers

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 596-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla H. Lester ◽  
Niels Frimodt-Møller ◽  
Thomas Lund Sørensen ◽  
Dominique L. Monnet ◽  
Anette M. Hammerum
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Faecium Isolate

ABSTRACT Transient colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci of animal origin has been documented in the intestines of humans. However, little is known about whether transfer of the vanA gene occurs in the human intestine. Six volunteers ingested a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate of chicken origin, together with a vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium recipient of human origin. Transconjugants were recovered in three of six volunteers. In one volunteer, not only was vancomycin resistance transferred, but also quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance. This study shows that transfer of the vanA gene from an E. faecium isolate of animal origin to an E. faecium isolate of human origin can occur in the intestines of humans. It suggests that transient intestinal colonization by enterococci carrying mobile elements with resistance genes represents a risk for spread of resistance genes to other enterococci that are part of the human indigenous flora, which can be responsible for infections in certain groups of patients, e.g., immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals In Vivo Evaluation of Soya Beans Flour Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Potential Probiotic Food

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Musliu ◽  
Muhammed Yusuf ◽  
Sulaimon Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Probiotic Food

This research work was carried out to determine the in vivo antibacterial potential of soya beans flour fermented with lactic acid bacteria. This research focused on the feeding trial of formulated feed made of soya bean fermented for 72 hours with lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus planetarium) for albino rats, this is to know the effect of this feed on the rat infected with pathogens, compare with those of control feed. The pathogens used were Escherichia coli, Shigella sp and Salmonella sp. The experiment was divided into eight (8) treatments. Treatments I and II were not infected. Treatment I was fed with normal basal diet while treatment II was fed with the fermented soya bean flour. This was to ascertain the level of existence of the pathogen and the lactic acid bacteria before the introduction the pathogens. Pathogens count in treatment IV, VI, and VIII (rats fed with fermented soya bean flour) decreases as feeding time increases compare to treatment III, V and VII (rat fed with basal diet) which increases with the feeding time. The rats were fed from day 0 to day 56. Lactic acid bacteria commonly used as starter cultures in food technology are known to manufacture antimicrobial products and improve the food the organolpetic properties having great potential. Also, the Haematological analysis showed that the rats infected with the pathogens and later fed with the fermented soya beans flour recovered fully since their values are well within the permissible limit and are not significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from the control group. Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroids strains used were able to grow and metabolize during fermentation of soya beans flour. It may be concluded that fermented soya beans flour with these isolates can be used as probiotic food and this in turn can be used in the treatment of infection caused by pathogens. It is recommended that the use of probiotic food for treatments should encouraged as an alternative to the use of antibiotic.

scholarly journals Tri-layered composite plug for the repair of osteochondral defects: in vivo study in sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204173141769750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altug Yucekul ◽  
Deniz Ozdil ◽  
Nuri Hunkar Kutlu ◽  
Esra Erdemli ◽  
Halil Murat Aydin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Porous Plug ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Tissue Reactions

Cartilage defects are a source of pain, immobility, and reduced quality of life for patients who have acquired these defects through injury, wear, or disease. The avascular nature of cartilage tissue adds to the complexity of cartilage tissue repair or regeneration efforts. The known limitations of using autografts, allografts, or xenografts further add to this complexity. Autologous chondrocyte implantation or matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation techniques attempt to introduce cultured cartilage cells to defect areas in the patient, but clinical success with these are impeded by the avascularity of cartilage tissue. Biodegradable, synthetic scaffolds capable of supporting local cells and overcoming the issue of poor vascularization would bypass the issues of current cartilage treatment options. In this study, we propose a biodegradable, tri-layered (poly(glycolic acid) mesh/poly(l-lactic acid)-colorant tidemark layer/collagen Type I and ceramic microparticle-coated poly(l-lactic acid)-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) monolith) osteochondral plug indicated for the repair of cartilage defects. The porous plug allows the continual transport of bone marrow constituents from the subchondral layer to the cartilage defect site for a more effective repair of the area. Assessment of the in vivo performance of the implant was conducted in an ovine model (n = 13). In addition to a control group (no implant), one group received the implant alone (Group A), while another group was supplemented with hyaluronic acid (0.8 mL at 10 mg/mL solution; Group B). Analyses performed on specimens from the in vivo study revealed that the implant achieves cartilage formation within 6 months. No adverse tissue reactions or other complications were reported. Our findings indicate that the porous biocompatible implant seems to be a promising treatment option for the cartilage repair.

scholarly journals Probiotic effect of fermented milk from Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 in fecal wistar rat microflora

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
S Melia ◽  
I Juliyarsi ◽  
Y F Kurnia ◽  
N Fitria ◽  
Y E Pratama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pediococcus Acidilactici

Abstract Microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host when consumed in the right proportions are called Probiotics. Certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been considered probiotics with proven health benefits. These probiotics have been used extensively for human health. In this study, in vivo evaluation was conducted to determine the count of microflora in the fecal of Wistar rats, which were given fermented milk with probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici BK01. Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 is a LAB with probiotic use, isolated from Bekasam (fermented fish). This research was conducted in vivo on 24 male rats (Wistar Rat). This study contain in 4 treatment groups. Each group contains six male rats. The results showed a significant increase in the group of rats given fermented milk compared to the control group (without fermented milk). The probiotics of fermented milk have significantly reduced the count of E.coli and not on the total aerobic bacteria. The conclusion of this study, probiotic of fermented milk Pediococcus acidilactici BK01, can increase the total microflora of lactic acid bacteria and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Negative Pressure Irrigation Presents Mineralizing Potential in Dogs’ Immature Teeth with Periapical Lesion

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Marcela Lopes Linhares ◽  
Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Paulo Nelson-Filho ◽  
Marília Pacífico Lucisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pressure Group ◽  
Periapical Lesion ◽  
Immature Teeth ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mineralizing Potential

Abstract The objective of this in vivo study was to assess the effect of the root canal irrigation by negative and positive apical pressure on the expression of molecules that are an indicative of cell differentiation with mineralizing phenotype in teeth of dogs with incomplete rhizogenesis and induced periapical lesion. A total of 30 teeth (60 roots) were distributed into 3 groups (n=20): EndoVac®, Conventional and Control. After 90 days, the routine histotechnical procedures were performed and the sections were submitted to immunohistochemical technique for the staining of osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the RUNX2 transcription factor in the apical and periapical regions of the roots. A semi-quantitative analysis of the positive immunostaining was performed and the intensity of the expression was classified in absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or intense (3). Scores data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and Dunn post-test, and the significance level was set at 5%. RUNX2 immunostaining revealed that in the negative pressure group there was a significantly stronger (p<0.05) immunostaining in comparison to the control group. Regarding the OPN expression, it was not possible to detect a statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). After analyzing ALP immunostaining, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (p<0.05), and the negative pressure group showed a markedly stronger mark immunostaining than the control group. The results of the present in vivo study allowed concluding that negative apical pressure irrigation presents mineralizing potential in immature teeth with apical periodontitis.

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