PH INDICATORS AND MICROCRYSTALIZATION OF ORAL LIQUID IN ADOLESCENTS OF 15-18 YEARS WHO STUDY IN DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

During the research it has been found that the hydrogen index and mineralizing potential of oral fluid in adolescents aged 15-18 who study in college is lower than in other study groups. The hydrogen index of college students increases slightly from 15 years to 17 years and reaches its maximum at 18 years. In schoolchildren and students of the university, an increase in the microcrystallization of oral fluid with age was observed, and in college students a decrease was noted. This indicates the need for preventative work with this cohort to identify risk factors that cause this situation. A study of the micro crystallization of oral fluid revealed a difference depending on the institution in which adolescents study. Comparison of school attenders at different ages did not reveal any significant difference, although the indicator at 15 years old was slightly lower than at 16, always corresponded to a satisfactory level of micro crystallization. In college students, the micro crystallization rate corresponded to a low level of 15 and 16 years old. Comparison of the results of the examined 17-18 years old, who study at the college and the university, it was found that the mineralizing potential of oral fluid is lower in college students at both 17 and 18 years old than at university students. The rate of adolescents studying at the university corresponded to a satisfactory level and those of college students - low at both 17 and 18 years. A pattern indicates the deterioration of oral homeostasis in adolescents enrolled in college at all ages compared to schoolchildren and university students. In university students it was found probable increase in the values of the indicator. College students have a decrease in the mineralizing properties of oral fluid with age, but such properties are not significant. There were 540 teenagers who studied at school (107 people), college (317 people), university (116 people) in Chernivtsi. The age children were from 15 to 18 years. The study of the studied indicators was presented by the age and institution in which adolescents study. The hydrogen index (pH) was investigated using a strip of indicator paper (pH 0-12, manufactured by Lachema, Czech Republic). The indicator tape was immersed in oral fluid and the color of the paper was changed. The mineralizing potential of oral fluid was evaluated by its microcrystallization (PA Leus, 1977). Oral fluid collection was performed with a sterile pipette from the bottom of the oral cavity, at least 2 hours after a meal and rinsing with distilled water. Three drops of oral liquid were applied to ethyl alcohol and dried at room temperature. The drops, after drying, were examined using a microscope. The mineralizing potential of oral fluid was determined by the mean score, depending on the identified types of ISS. Evaluation of microcrystallization was performed by H.M. Saifulina, O.R. Pozdeev in average scores depending on the types of crystal formation: 0.1-1.0 - very low level; 1.1- 2.0 - low; 2,1- 3,0 - satisfactory; 3.1-4.0 - high; 4.1-5.0 - very high. The obtained results are processed by the method of variation statistics. Indicators at p£0.05 were considered available. Our research found that the hydrogen index and mineralizing potential of oral fluid in adolescents aged 15-18, who study in college is lower than in other study groups. The hydrogen index of college students increases slightly from 15 years to 17 years and reaches its maximum at 18 years. In schoolchildren and students of the university, an increase in the micro crystallization of oral fluid with age was observed, and decrease was established in college visitors. This indicates the need for preventative work with this cohort to identify risk factors that cause this situation.

Mineralizing potential of mixed saliva and the course of dental caries in children and adolescents with endocrine and musculoskeletal disorders

The features of microcrystallization and the mineralizing potential of mixed saliva, the intensity of caries in children and adolescents with endocrine pathology and pathology of the musculoskeletal system at the age of 9–10, 12–13 and 16–17 years have been studied, the relationship between the intensity of dental caries and the mineralizing potential of saliva has been revealed. The study of saliva in patients with endocrine pathology showed a low saliva mineralizing potential, crystals of type II and III were found, with a predominance of type III. The lowest mineralizing potential of saliva is observed at the age of 12–13 years. The carious process progresses with age and the subcompensated degree of activity prevails. The study of mixed saliva in patients with pathology of the musculoskeletal system showed a low mineralizing potential, crystals of types II and III were encountered, with a predominance of type III. The lowest mineralizing potential of saliva is observed at the age of 12–13 years. The carious process stabilizes over time and compensated degrees of activity prevail. The examinees with endocrine and musculoskeletal pathologies have reduced salivary mineralizing potential, high rates of intensity and degree of caries activity. In patients with endocrine pathology, indicators are worse than in patients with musculoskeletal pathology. The age of 12–13 is critical.

Rheological Properties of Oral Fluid and its Mineralizing Potential in Persons with Generalized Periodontitis on the Background of Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract

The purpose of the study was to investigate the rheological properties of oral fluid and its mineralizing potential in persons with generalized periodontitis on the background of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Material and methods. The rheological properties of oral fluid and its mineralizing potential were studied in 100 patients (main group) and 50 patients (comparative group). The overall functional activity of the salivary glands was assessed by the rate of secretion of mixed saliva. Oral fluid was collected for 15 minutes by spitting into graduated test tubes. The rate of salivation (ml / min) was the total volume of saliva collected divided by the time of oral fluid collection. The viscosity of oral fluid was determined using an Oswald viscometer with a capillary length of 10.0 cm and a diameter of 0.4 mm. The surface tension of saliva was determined by the method of T. L. Redinova. In the oral fluid of patients examined the calcium content by the method of A. V. Karakamov and inorganic phosphate by the method of D. F. Boltz [10]. The research was performed in compliance with the basic provisions of the "Rules of ethical principles of scientific medical research with human participation", approved by the Declaration of Helsinki (1964-2013), ICH GCP (1996), EEC Directive № 609 (dated 24.11.1986), orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 690 dated 23.09.2009, № 944 dated 14.12.2009, № 616 dated 03.08.2012. Each patient signed an informed consent to participate in the study, and all measures were taken to ensure the anonymity of patients. To assess the probability of the obtained results of the study used a variational-statistical method of analysis using Microsoft Excel. Statistical calculation of the results of clinical and laboratory studies was carried out according to conventional methods. Results and discussion. In recent years, a number of researchers have tried to systematize the internal pathology associated with periodontal disease. In foreign literature, a number of priority somatic risk factors for generalized periodontitis, in particular gastrointestinal diseases, have been formulated. In patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of gastrointestinal pathology, an increase in oral viscosity was studied. Oral viscosity along with poor oral hygiene, and decreased local immunity may serve as an additional factor in increasing the formation of plaque, which contributes to the intensification of inflammatory and dystrophic periodontal diseases in this contingent of patients. Increasing the rate of salivation in patients of the main group can be considered as an adaptive-compensatory response of the salivary glands to changes in oral homeostasis. The decrease in the mineralizing potential of the oral fluid according to the surface tension, calcium, phosphorus content and their ratio indicates a decrease in the resistance of the oral fluid and demineralization of the enamel, which leads to deterioration of dental status in patients. It should be noted that in patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of gastrointestinal lesions, the imbalance of the analyzed indicators was more pronounced in almost healthy people with inflammatory-dystrophic diseases of periodontal tissues. In Helicobacter pylori-positive patients of both groups of the study, a decrease in the rheological properties of oral fluid was determined, which indicated more pronounced changes in oral fluid homeostasis compared with the data obtained in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients. Conclusion. The study showed that in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients of the main group the imbalance of physico-biochemical, rheological and remineralizing parameters of oral fluid were more pronounced than in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients of the main group and in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients of the comparison group

EVALUATION OF THE MINERALIZING POTENTIAL OF ORAL FLUID IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF THE CARIOGENIC PROCESS

Early diagnosis of dental caries in children is difficult. This fact is applied to children with Down syndrome. In order to identify predictors of dental diseases, a crystallographic method is widely used for studying oral fluid. The aim of the work is to evaluate the mineralizing potential of oral fluid in children with Down syndrome before and after the course of preventive measures. Material and methods. We examined oral fluid in children with Down syndrome. Children and adolescents at the age of 8 months to 17 years (n=21) were divided into groups depending on the age and the level of caries intensity. The results were compared with the data of 55 children without chromosomal pathology. Results. The group of children with Down syndrome (MG), during the initial examination includes type II – 11 people (53 %) and type III – 7 people (33 %) microcrystallization of saliva, which generally corresponds to the situation in the group of children without chromosomal pathology (CG), where type II included 62 % (34 people) and type III – 22 % (12 people). The average value of the mineralizing potential of saliva in the main group was 2.78±0.22, and in the control group – 2.89±0.17. Conclusions. After preventive measures during the re-examination of children with Down syndrome, there was a tendency to an increase in the level of parameters of the mineralizing potential of saliva while maintaining this level after 6 months.

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF MINERALIZING POTENTIAL OF ORAL FLUID IN CHILDREN

Subject. Oral fluid plays a crucial role in maintaining the physiological balance of the processes of remineralization and demineralization in tooth enamel, especially in childhood. The mineralization and demineralization of tooth enamel depend on the mineralizing potential of the oral fluid, which is associated with the concentration of calcium ions and phosphate ions in the oral fluid at a certain pH of the medium. Today, the description of the morphology of crystals is reduced mainly to a qualitative assessment. This is inconvenient due to subjectivity in data processing. The goal is to increase the accuracy and objectivity of diagnosing the level of mineralizing potential of the oral fluid by quantifying the type of saliva microcrystallization and expand the ability to diagnose the risk of developing and exacerbating the degree of activity of the carious process in a pediatric dentistry clinic. Methodology. The research material was human saliva, which was taken in the morning, on an empty stomach, before brushing your teeth in a sterile test tube with a tight-fitting lid. Results. The results of the studies revealed statistically significant differences in the periodicity parameters with respect to type III saliva microcrystallization (p <0.001), in which the mineralizing potential of the oral fluid is less favorable for the optimal level of ion exchange between the oral fluid and the tooth enamel surface during the maturation period of the child’s dental hard tissues. Suggested technique determining a periodicity parameter characterizing the quantitative difference in the types of saliva microcrystallization can be used To assess the level of mineralizing potential oral fluid. Conclusions. The study allows to increase the accuracy and objectivity of diagnosing the level of mineralizing potential of the oral fluid by quantifying the type of microcrystallization of saliva and expands the possibility of diagnosing the risk of developing and exacerbating the degree of activity of the carious process in the clinic of pediatric dentistry.

Negative Pressure Irrigation Presents Mineralizing Potential in Dogs’ Immature Teeth with Periapical Lesion

The objective of this in vivo study was to assess the effect of the root canal irrigation by negative and positive apical pressure on the expression of molecules that are an indicative of cell differentiation with mineralizing phenotype in teeth of dogs with incomplete rhizogenesis and induced periapical lesion. A total of 30 teeth (60 roots) were distributed into 3 groups (n=20): EndoVac®, Conventional and Control. After 90 days, the routine histotechnical procedures were performed and the sections were submitted to immunohistochemical technique for the staining of osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the RUNX2 transcription factor in the apical and periapical regions of the roots. A semi-quantitative analysis of the positive immunostaining was performed and the intensity of the expression was classified in absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or intense (3). Scores data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and Dunn post-test, and the significance level was set at 5%. RUNX2 immunostaining revealed that in the negative pressure group there was a significantly stronger (p<0.05) immunostaining in comparison to the control group. Regarding the OPN expression, it was not possible to detect a statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). After analyzing ALP immunostaining, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (p<0.05), and the negative pressure group showed a markedly stronger mark immunostaining than the control group. The results of the present in vivo study allowed concluding that negative apical pressure irrigation presents mineralizing potential in immature teeth with apical periodontitis.

EVALUATION OF CARIOGENIC SITUATION IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS GIVEN THE MINERALIZING POTENTIAL OF SALIVA AND ENAMEL RESISTANCE

Aim.This study was conducted to evaluate the caries resistance of hard tooh tissues and the state of the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus given the mineralizing potential of saliva and antimicrobial protection of the oral cavity.Materials and methods. There was conducted a general clinical, dental, laboratory examination of 127 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 7 to 12 years with the endocrinopathy experience from eight months to ten years. The obtained data were compared with the results of the examination of 37 "healthy" and "practically healthy" children of this age category. When assessing the dental status of children, were used the hygienic index (Y.A. Fedorov, V.V. Volodkina, 1970), the CFE/ cf index (WHO Expert Committee, 1962), the simplified hygienic index OHI-S (Green, Vermillion, 1964). The intensity of the enamel demineralization processes was assessed using the enamel resistance test (V.R. Okushko, L.I. Kosavera, 1984) and vital staining (L.A. Aksamit, 1978). The electrometry of hard tooth tissues was carried out by the electrodiagnostic apparatus "Dent Est" (V.K. Leontiev, G.G. Ivanova, 1985).The laboratory diagnostics of the salivary indicators included the study of calcium (total, ionized), inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, lactoferrin. The microcrystallization and mineralizing potential of saliva were determined according to Leus P.A. (1997).Results.At the early stages of type 1 diabetes mellitus development children have a compensated and subcompensated form of the carious process, the increase in the enamel permeability, a slight predominance of the demineralization processes over the remineralization processes in solid tooth tissues. It indicates that self-regulation of the mineral metabolism mechanisms takes place while maintaining the physiological remineralizing properties of saliva. At a late stage of type 1 diabetes mellitus development a high intensity and decompensated form of the carious lesions are established as well as low structural and functional enamel resistance and pronounced processes of hard tooth tissues demineralization. The emergence of this complex in children with the experience of endocrinopathy for more than five years indicates the depletion of salivary gland functionality, the disturbance of mobilization salivary systems in response to the occurrence of the cariogenic situation in the oral cavity, the change in calcium homeostasis, the decrease in enamel resistance to organic acids and the absence of saliva crystallization.Conclusion.The growing positive dynamics of index growth in children with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus, indicating the deterioration of the dental status, requires adherence to the principles of rational nutrition, quarterly professional caries preventive measures using modern and effective oral care products, the introduction of active forms of hygienic training and education taking into account the mineralizing potential of saliva as well as careful monitoring of the acquired manual skills.

Реологічні властивості слини та її мінералізуючий потенціал у пацієнтів із запально-деструктивними захворюваннями тканин пародонта на фоні уражень шлунково-кишкового тракту

РЕОЛОГІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ СЛИНИ ТА ЇЇ МІНЕРАЛІЗУЮЧИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ЗАПАЛЬНО-ДЕСТРУКТИВНИМИ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМИ ТКАНИН ПАРОДОНТА НА ФОНІ УРАЖЕНЬ ШЛУНКОВО-КИШКОВОГО ТРАКТУ - В роботі представлено результати вивчення реологічних властивостей ротової рідини: швидкості секреції, в’язкості, поверхневого натягу та її мінералізуючого потенціалу за вмістом кальцію та фосфору. Встановлено, що у хворих із запально-деструктивними захворюваннями пародонта на фоні уражень шлунково-кишкового тракту, Helicobacter-позитивних пацієнтів відзначається підвищення швидкості секреції та в’язкості слини на фоні зниження поверхневого натягу, зумовленого зменшенням концентрації кальцію та фосфору в ротовій рідині стосовно аналогічних значень у осіб із захворюваннями пародонта без соматичних захворювань та Helicobacter-негативних осіб з ураженням тканин пародонта на тлі патології травного тракту.<br />РЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА СЛЮНЫ И ЕЕ МИНЕРАЛИЗУЮЩИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНО-ДЕСТРУКТИВНЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ТКАНЕЙ ПАРОДОНТА НА ФОНЕ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА - В работе представлены результаты изучения реологических свойств ротовой жидкости: скорости секреции, вязкости, поверхностного натяжения и ее минерализирующего потенциала по содержанию кальция и фосфора. Установлено, что у больных с воспалительно-деструктивными заболеваниями пародонта на фоне поражений желудочно-кишечного тракта, Helicobacter-положительных пациентов отмечается повышение скорости секреции и вязкости слюны на фоне снижения поверхностного натяжения, обусловленного уменьшением концентрации кальция и фосфора в ротовой жидкости относительно аналогичных значений в особ с заболеваниями пародонта без соматических заболеваний и Helicobacter-отрицательных особ с поражением тканей пародонта на фоне патологии пищеварительного тракта.<br />RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SALIVA AND ITS MINERALIZING POTENTIAL IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY AND DESTRUCTIVE PARODONTIUM DISEASE ON THE BACKGROUND OF DEFEATS OF DIGESTIVE TRACT - This paper presents results of a study of the rheological properties of oral fluid, secretion rate, viscosity, surface tension and its mineralizing potential for calcium and phosphorus. Found that in patients with inflammatory and destructive parodontiuml diseases on the background of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, Helicobacter-positive patients marked increase in secretion rate and viscosity of saliva on the background of lowering the surface tension caused by the decrease in the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in oral fluid in relation to similar values in persons with parodontium disease without systemic diseases and Helicobacter-negative individuals with lesions of parodontium pathology on the background of the digestive tract.<br />Ключові слова: пародонт, шлунково-кишковий тракт, ротова рідина.<br />Ключевые слова: пародонт, желудочно-кишечный тракт, ротовая жидкость.<br />Key words: parodontium, gastrointestinal tract, oral liquid.

ANALYSIS OF INfLUENCE OF MEDICAL AND PREVENTIVE TOOTH-PASTE WITH EXTRACTS OF HERBARES ON THE STATE OF CAVITY OF MOUTH FOR PATIENTS WITH GINGIVITIS (CLINICAL LABORATORY RESEARCH)

<p>Assessment of dynamics of changes of the complex impacts on periodontal tisues of the patients with chronic gingivitis of medical and preventive tooth-paste «Asepta» showed the expressed cleaning action (speed of formation dental plaqe at all patients went down and was 77%), reduction inflammation gums (reduction indexes PMA and PBI) - in two weeks dynamics of change of PBI made the 73%. Salivation increase is revealed, the expressed deodorizing effect, and favorable impact on the mineralizing potential of oral liquid after regular application of tooth-paste «Asepta» of the patients with chronic gingivitis.</p>