scholarly journals Isolation of a Bifidogenic Peptide from the Pepsin Hydrolysate of Bovine Lactoferrin

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1843-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotsugu Oda ◽  
Hiroyuki Wakabayashi ◽  
Koji Yamauchi ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Jin-Zhong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Active Peptide ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Pepsin Hydrolysate

ABSTRACTLactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals for which various biological functions have been reported, such as antimicrobial activity and bifidogenic activity. In this study, we compared the bifidogenic activity of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) and pepsin hydrolysate of bLF (bLFH), isolated bifidogenic peptide from bLFH, and investigated the bifidogenic spectra of bLF, bLFH, and its active peptide against 42 bifidobacterial strains comprising nine species. AgainstBifidobacterium breveATCC 15700T, minimal effective concentrations of bLF and bLFH were 300 and 10 μg/ml. AgainstBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisATCC 15697T, the minimal effective concentration of bLFH was 30 μg/ml, and bLF did not show bifidogenic activity within 300 μg/ml. As an active peptide, a heterodimer of A1-W16and L43-A48linked by a disulfide bond was isolated. Previously, this peptide was identified as having antibacterial activity. An amino acid mixture with the same composition as this peptide showed no bifidogenic activity. The strains of each species whose growth was highly promoted (>150%) by this peptide at 3.75 μM were as follows:B. breve(7 out of 7 strains [7/7]),B. longumsubsp.infantis(5/5),Bifidobacterium bifidum(2/5),B. longumsubsp.longum(1/3),Bifidobacterium adolescentis(3/6),Bifidobacterium catenulatum(1/4),Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum(0/4),Bifidobacterium dentium(0/5), andBifidobacterium angulatum(0/3). Growth of none of the strains was highly promoted by bLF at 3.75 μM. We demonstrated that bLFH showed stronger bifidogenic activity than natural bLF, especially against infant-representative species,B. breveandB. longumsubsp.infantis; furthermore, we isolated its active peptide. This is the first report about a bifidogenic peptide derived from bLF.

scholarly journals Unveiling Genomic Diversity among Members of the Species Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, a Widely Distributed Gut Commensal of the Animal Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽  
Sabrina Duranti ◽  
Korin Albert ◽  
Leonardo Mancabelli ◽  
Stefania Napoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genome Variability ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Growth Profiles

ABSTRACT Bifidobacteria are commensals of the animal gut and are commonly found in mammals, birds, and social insects. Specifically, strains of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum are widely distributed in the mammalian gut. In this context, we investigated the genetic variability and metabolic abilities of the B. pseudolongum taxon, whose genomic characterization has so far not received much attention. Phylogenomic analysis of the genome sequences of 60 B. pseudolongum strains revealed that B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum and B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum may actually represent two distinct bifidobacterial species. Furthermore, our analysis highlighted metabolic differences between members of these two subspecies. Moreover, comparative analyses of genetic strategies to prevent invasion of foreign DNA revealed that the B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum group exhibits greater genome plasticity. In fact, the obtained findings indicate that B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum is more adaptable to different ecological niches such as the mammalian and avian gut than is B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum. IMPORTANCE Currently, little information exists on the genetics of the B. pseudolongum taxon due to the limited number of sequenced genomes belonging to this species. In order to survey genome variability within this species and explore how members of this taxon evolved as commensals of the animal gut, we isolated and decoded the genomes of 51 newly isolated strains. Comparative genomics coupled with growth profiles on different carbohydrates has further provided insights concerning the genotype and phenotype of members of the B. pseudolongum taxon.

scholarly journals Multiple Transporters and Glycoside Hydrolases Are Involved in Arabinoxylan-Derived Oligosaccharide Utilization in Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Saito ◽  
Akira Shigehisa ◽  
Yohei Watanabe ◽  
Naoki Tsukuda ◽  
Kaoru Moriyama-Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Arabinoxylan hydrolysates (AXH) are the hydrolyzed products of the major components of the dietary fiber arabinoxylan. AXH include diverse oligosaccharides varying in xylose polymerization and side residue modifications with arabinose at the O-2 and/or O-3 position of the xylose unit. Previous studies have reported that AXH exhibit prebiotic properties on gut bifidobacteria; moreover, several adult-associated bifidobacterial species (e.g., Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum) are known to utilize AXH. In this study, we tried to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of AXH utilization by Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, which is a common bifidobacterial species found in adult feces. We performed transcriptomic analysis of B. pseudocatenulatum YIT 4072T, which identified three upregulated gene clusters during AXH utilization. The gene clusters encoded three sets of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and five enzymes belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43). By characterizing the recombinant proteins, we found that three solute-binding proteins of ABC transporters showed either broad or narrow specificity, two arabinofuranosidases hydrolyzed either single- or double-decorated arabinoxylooligosaccharides, and three xylosidases exhibited functionally identical activity. These data collectively suggest that the transporters and glycoside hydrolases, encoded in the three gene clusters, work together to utilize AXH of different sizes and with different side residue modifications. Thus, our study sheds light on the overall picture of how these proteins collaborate for the utilization of AXH in B. pseudocatenulatum and may explain the predominance of this symbiont species in the adult human gut. IMPORTANCE Bifidobacteria commonly reside in the human intestine and possess abundant genes involved in carbohydrate utilization. Arabinoxylan hydrolysates (AXH) are hydrolyzed products of arabinoxylan, one of the most abundant dietary fibers, and they include xylooligosaccharides and those decorated with arabinofuranosyl residues. The molecular mechanism by which B. pseudocatenulatum, a common bifidobacterial species found in adult feces, utilizes structurally and compositionally variable AXH has yet to be extensively investigated. In this study, we identified three gene clusters (encoding five GH43 enzymes and three solute-binding proteins of ABC transporters) that were upregulated in B. pseudocatenulatum YIT 4072T during AXH utilization. By investigating their substrate specificities, we revealed how these proteins are involved in the uptake and degradation of AXH. These molecular insights may provide a better understanding of how resident bifidobacteria colonize the colon.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНБИОТИЧЕСКОГОКИСЛОМОЛОЧНОГО ПРОДУКТА НА ОСНОВЕКОНСОРЦИУМА БИФИДОБАКТЕРИЙ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.П. Каменская ◽  
М.В. Обрезкова ◽  
Е.Е. Базеева
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis

Одним из приоритетных направлений пищевых технологий является создание продуктов, обладающих лечебно-профилактическим и функциональным действием, в частности кисломолочных симбиотических продуктов, сочетающих в себе сложные компоненты направленного действия – пробиотики и пребиотики. Цель работы – исследование взаимодействия штаммов различных видов бифидобактерий для получения на их основе консорциума с новыми биотехнологическими свойствами и создание синбиотического кисломолочного продукта с высоким титром бифидобактерий. Объектами исследований были выбраны штаммы Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, Bifidobacterium longum 379 М, Bifidobacterium adolescentis МС-42. При оценке качества в работе применяли общепринятые методы исследований. Установлено, что оптимальным соотношением штаммов B. bifidum 791, B. longum 379 М, B. аdolescentis МС-42 в составе комбинированной закваски является 1:1:2. Диско-диффузионным методом проведен анализ устойчивости консорциума к 23 антибиотикам разных поколений и спектров действий. Наибольшая устойчивость отмечена к бета-лактамным антибиотикам, бактерицидная активность которых обусловлена ингибированием синтеза клеточной стенки микроорганизмов. Также изучено влияние различных концентраций пребиотиков полисахаридной природы (пектина и инулина) на изменение количества жизнеспособных клеток бифидобактерий. Показано, что синбиотический кисломолочный продукт на основе подобранного консорциума бифидобактерий с внесением 2,5 % пектина может быть рекомендован для профилактики и коррекции нарушений дисбаланса кишечной микрофлоры, а также поддержания неспецифической резистентности организма. 

scholarly journals Extensive Reduction of Cell Viability and Enhanced Matrix Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Flow Biofilms Treated with a d-Amino Acid Mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1396-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Sanchez ◽  
Akio Tani ◽  
Kazuhide Kimbara
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Persister Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Protective Cover ◽  
Matrix Production

ABSTRACTTreatment ofPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1 flow biofilms with ad-amino acid mixture caused significant reductions in cell biomass by 75% and cell viability by 71%. No biofilm disassembly occurred, and matrix production increased by 30%, thereby providing a thick protective cover for remaining viable or persister cells.

scholarly journals Exploring the Diversity of the Bifidobacterial Population in the Human Intestinal Tract

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Turroni ◽  
Elena Foroni ◽  
Paola Pizzetti ◽  
Vanessa Giubellini ◽  
Angela Ribbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Human Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Internally Transcribed Spacer

ABSTRACT Although the health-promoting roles of bifidobacteria are widely accepted, the diversity of bifidobacteria among the human intestinal microbiota is still poorly understood. We performed a census of bifidobacterial populations from human intestinal mucosal and fecal samples by plating them on selective medium, coupled with molecular analysis of selected rRNA gene sequences (16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer [ITS] 16S-23S spacer sequences) of isolated colonies. A total of 900 isolates were collected, of which 704 were shown to belong to bifidobacteria. Analyses showed that the culturable bifidobacterial population from intestinal and fecal samples include six main phylogenetic taxa, i.e., Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, and two species mostly detected in fecal samples, i.e., Bifidobacterium dentium and Bifidobacterium animalis subp. lactis. Analysis of bifidobacterial distribution based on age of the subject revealed that certain identified bifidobacterial species were exclusively present in the adult human gut microbiota whereas others were found to be widely distributed. We encountered significant intersubject variability and composition differences between fecal and mucosa-adherent bifidobacterial communities. In contrast, a modest diversification of bifidobacterial populations was noticed between different intestinal regions within the same individual (intrasubject variability). Notably, a small number of bifidobacterial isolates were shown to display a wide ecological distribution, thus suggesting that they possess a broad colonization capacity.

scholarly journals Lactulose ingestion causes an increase in the abundance of gut-resident bifidobacteria in Japanese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Y. Sakai ◽  
H. Hamano ◽  
H. Ochi ◽  
F. Abe ◽  
K. Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Cell Counts

The genus Bifidobacterium comprises various bacterial species, and the complement of species within the human intestinal tract differs from individual to individual. The balance of these bifidobacterial species remains poorly understood, although it is known that the abundance of bifidobacteria increases following the ingestion of prebiotics. We previously conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of 2 g/day lactulose ingestion for 2 weeks in 60 Japanese women. To study the effect of lactulose ingestion on each bifidobacterial species, here, we measured the abundance of each of the principal bifidobacterial species. After lactulose ingestion, the log cell counts of the Bifidobacterium adolescentis group (8.97±0.08 vs 9.39±0.08, P=0.0019), Bifidobacterium catenulatum group (9.45±0.10 vs 9.65±0.10, P=0.0032) and Bifidobacterium longum group (9.01±0.07 vs 9.29±0.07, P=0.0012) were significantly higher than in the placebo ingestion control group. However, the log cell counts were similar for Bifidobacterium breve (8.12±0.12 vs 8.33±0.12, P=0.20), Bifidobacterium bifidum (9.08±0.12 vs 9.42±0.14, P=0.095) and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis (8.65±0.53 vs 8.46±0.46, P=0.77). Cluster analysis of the log cell count data at the bifidobacterial species level revealed three distinct clusters, but the combinations and ratios of the constituent bifidobacteria were not affected by lactulose ingestion. Furthermore, principal coordinate analysis of the intestinal microbiota in the lactulose and placebo ingestion groups using Illumina MiSeq showed no significant differences in the intestinal microbiota as a whole. These results suggest that 2 g/day lactulose ingestion for 2 weeks significantly increases the abundance of intestinal bifidobacteria, but does not affect the intestinal microbiota as a whole.

Investigating bifidobacteria and human milk oligosaccharide composition of lactating mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽  
Sabrina Duranti ◽  
Christian Milani ◽  
Leonardo Mancabelli ◽  
Francesca Turroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Lactating Mothers

ABSTRACT Human milk is known to carry its own microbiota, of which the precise origin remains obscure. Breastfeeding allows mother-to-baby transmission of microorganisms as well as the transfer of many other milk components, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which act as metabolizable substrates for particular bacteria, such as bifidobacteria, residing in infant intestinal tract. In the current study, we report the HMO composition of 249 human milk samples, in 163 of which we quantified the abundance of members of the Bifidobacterium genus using a combination of metagenomic and flow cytometric approaches. Metagenomic data allowed us to identify four clusters dominated by Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium crudilactis or Bifidobacterium dentium, as well as a cluster represented by a heterogeneous mix of bifidobacterial species such as Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum. Furthermore, in vitro growth assays on HMOs coupled with in silico glycobiome analyses allowed us to elucidate that members of the Bifidobacterium bifidum and B. breve species exhibit the greatest ability to degrade and grow on HMOs. Altogether, these findings indicate that the bifidobacterial component of the human milk microbiota is not strictly correlated with their ability to metabolize HMOs.

scholarly journals Murein Lytic Enzyme TgaA of Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 Modulates Dendritic Cell Maturation through Its Cysteine- and Histidine-Dependent Amidohydrolase/Peptidase (CHAP) Amidase Domain

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 5170-5177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Guglielmetti ◽  
Ivan Zanoni ◽  
Silvia Balzaretti ◽  
Matteo Miriani ◽  
Valentina Taverniti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Dendritic Cell Maturation ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Intestinal Origin

ABSTRACTBifidobacteria are Gram-positive inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract that have evolved close interaction with their host and especially with the host's immune system. The molecular mechanisms underlying such interactions, however, are largely unidentified. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory potential ofBifidobacterium bifidumMIMBb75, a bacterium of human intestinal origin commercially used as a probiotic. Particularly, we focused our attention on TgaA, a protein expressed on the outer surface of MIMBb75's cells and homologous to other known bacterial immunoactive proteins. TgaA is a peptidoglycan lytic enzyme containing two active domains: lytic murein transglycosylase (LT) and cysteine- and histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP). We ran immunological experiments stimulating dendritic cells (DCs) with theB. bifidumMIMBb75 and TgaA, with the result that both the bacterium and the protein activated DCs and triggered interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. In addition, we observed that the heterologous expression of TgaA inBifidobacterium longumtransferred to the bacterium the ability to induce IL-2. Subsequently, immunological experiments performed using two purified recombinant proteins corresponding to the single domains LT and CHAP demonstrated that the CHAP domain is the immune-reactive region of TgaA. Finally, we also showed that TgaA-dependent activation of DCs requires the protein CD14, marginally involves TRIF, and is independent of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MyD88. In conclusion, our study suggests that the bacterial CHAP domain is a novel microbe-associated molecular pattern actively participating in the cross talk mechanisms between bifidobacteria and the host's immune system.

Bifidobacterial strains shared by mother and child as source of probiotics

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peirotén ◽  
J.L. Arqués ◽  
M. Medina ◽  
E. Rodríguez-Mínguez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Mode Of Birth

Importance of bifidobacteria as part of the infant intestinal microbiota has been highlighted. Their acquisition is influenced by the mode of birth and the feed regime afterwards, with a special role of the maternal microbiota. The presence of the same shared bifidobacterial strains between breast milk and infant faeces in 14 mother-infant pairs was assessed by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping. Four shared strains of Bifidobacterium breve (2), Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum were found in breast milk-infant faeces pairs. Two years later, a second survey yielded four shared strains of the species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum subsp. longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. Moreover, a B. bifidum strain was found to be shared by the infant faeces of the first study and the mother faeces tested two years later, pointing out a long term persistence. Some of the selected bifidobacterial strains showed probiotic potential due to their survival to gastrointestinal conditions and their ability to form biofilms.

scholarly journals Effect of inulin on the human gut microbiota: stimulation ofBifidobacterium adolescentisandFaecalibacterium prausnitzii

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlett Ramirez-Farias ◽  
Kathleen Slezak ◽  
Zoë Fuller ◽  
Alan Duncan ◽  
Grietje Holtrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Prebiotics are food ingredients that improve health by modulating the colonic microbiota. The bifidogenic effect of the prebiotic inulin is well established; however, it remains unclear which species ofBifidobacteriumare stimulatedin vivoand whether bacterial groups other than lactic acid bacteria are affected by inulin consumption. Changes in the faecal microbiota composition were examined by real-time PCR in twelve human volunteers after ingestion of inulin (10 g/d) for a 16-d period in comparison with a control period without any supplement intake. The prevalence of most bacterial groups examined did not change after inulin intake, although the low G+C % Gram-positive speciesFaecalibacterium prausnitziiexhibited a significant increase (10·3 % for control periodv.14·5 % during inulin intake,P = 0·019). The composition of the genusBifidobacteriumwas studied in four of the volunteers by clone library analysis. Between three and fiveBifidobacteriumspp. were found in each volunteer.Bifidobacterium adolescentisandBifidobacterium longumwere present in all volunteers, andBifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum,Bifidobacterium animalis,Bifidobacterium bifidumandBifidobacterium dentiumwere also detected. Real-time PCR was employed to quantify the four most prevalentBifidobacteriumspp.,B. adolescentis,B. longum,B. pseudocatenulatumandB. bifidum, in ten volunteers carrying detectable levels of bifidobacteria.B. adolescentisshowed the strongest response to inulin consumption, increasing from 0·89 to 3·9 % of the total microbiota (P = 0·001).B. bifidumwas increased from 0·22 to 0·63 % (P < 0·001) for the five volunteers for whom this species was present.

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