Investigating bifidobacteria and human milk oligosaccharide composition of lactating mothers

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽  
Sabrina Duranti ◽  
Christian Milani ◽  
Leonardo Mancabelli ◽  
Francesca Turroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Lactating Mothers

ABSTRACT Human milk is known to carry its own microbiota, of which the precise origin remains obscure. Breastfeeding allows mother-to-baby transmission of microorganisms as well as the transfer of many other milk components, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which act as metabolizable substrates for particular bacteria, such as bifidobacteria, residing in infant intestinal tract. In the current study, we report the HMO composition of 249 human milk samples, in 163 of which we quantified the abundance of members of the Bifidobacterium genus using a combination of metagenomic and flow cytometric approaches. Metagenomic data allowed us to identify four clusters dominated by Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium crudilactis or Bifidobacterium dentium, as well as a cluster represented by a heterogeneous mix of bifidobacterial species such as Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum. Furthermore, in vitro growth assays on HMOs coupled with in silico glycobiome analyses allowed us to elucidate that members of the Bifidobacterium bifidum and B. breve species exhibit the greatest ability to degrade and grow on HMOs. Altogether, these findings indicate that the bifidobacterial component of the human milk microbiota is not strictly correlated with their ability to metabolize HMOs.

Cariogenic Potential of Stored Human Milk—An In-Vitro Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitha Hegde ◽  
Rani Vikyath
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ph Buffer

Human milk samples collected from ten lactating mothers in the K. S. Hegde Medical Hospital, Mangalore were divided into five different parts and stored at different temperatures for varying durations. The pH,buffer capacity and growth of Streptococcus mutans were assessed in each of these samples. There was a fall in pH of human milk stored at various temperatures. The buffer capacity of human milk increased with duration of storage. There was an increase in Streptococcus colony count in stored human milk proportional to the duration of storage and it increased more rapidly in case of milk stored at higher temperatures (0°C -4°C) compared to the milk stored in the freezer (-19°C). Milk samples stored at room temperature for 6 hours and in the freezer at -19°C for 2 weeks were found to be relatively safe.

scholarly journals Probiotic Supplementation and Human Milk Cytokine Profiles in Japanese Women: A Retrospective Study from an Open-Label Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2285
Author(s):  
Tomoki Takahashi ◽  
Hirofumi Fukudome ◽  
Hiroshi M. Ueno ◽  
Shiomi Watanabe-Matsuhashi ◽  
Taku Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cytokine Levels

The benefits of probiotic supplementation to lactating mothers on human milk cytokines are inconclusive. Thus, we performed a comprehensive open-label pilot trial analysis of 27 human milk cytokines in lactating women with allergies (one to three months postpartum) to determine the effect of supplementation with a mixture of new probiotic strains. Participants voluntarily joined the probiotic (n = 41) or no supplementation control (n = 19) groups. The probiotic group took three probiotic tablets (Lactobacillus casei LC5, Bifidobacterium longum BG7, and Bacillus coagulans SANK70258) daily for one to three months postpartum. Milk samples were collected at one, two, and three months postpartum, and cytokine levels were measured using multiplex assays. The effects were analyzed using multivariate regression models. Eleven cytokines showed a positive rate of over 50% in the milk samples throughout testing in both groups. The positive rates of IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-7 changed significantly with lactation progression in logistic regression models after adjusting for time and supplementation, whereas rates of other cytokines showed no significant differences. The lactational change patterns of IL-10 concentrations differed significantly between the two groups. A short-term supplementation of probiotics affects human milk cytokine levels in lactating women with a possible placebo effect still existing. Future placebo-controlled studies are needed to support these results, based on the estimated sample sizes in this study.

scholarly journals Isolation of a Bifidogenic Peptide from the Pepsin Hydrolysate of Bovine Lactoferrin

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1843-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotsugu Oda ◽  
Hiroyuki Wakabayashi ◽  
Koji Yamauchi ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Jin-Zhong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Active Peptide ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Pepsin Hydrolysate

ABSTRACTLactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals for which various biological functions have been reported, such as antimicrobial activity and bifidogenic activity. In this study, we compared the bifidogenic activity of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) and pepsin hydrolysate of bLF (bLFH), isolated bifidogenic peptide from bLFH, and investigated the bifidogenic spectra of bLF, bLFH, and its active peptide against 42 bifidobacterial strains comprising nine species. AgainstBifidobacterium breveATCC 15700T, minimal effective concentrations of bLF and bLFH were 300 and 10 μg/ml. AgainstBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisATCC 15697T, the minimal effective concentration of bLFH was 30 μg/ml, and bLF did not show bifidogenic activity within 300 μg/ml. As an active peptide, a heterodimer of A1-W16and L43-A48linked by a disulfide bond was isolated. Previously, this peptide was identified as having antibacterial activity. An amino acid mixture with the same composition as this peptide showed no bifidogenic activity. The strains of each species whose growth was highly promoted (>150%) by this peptide at 3.75 μM were as follows:B. breve(7 out of 7 strains [7/7]),B. longumsubsp.infantis(5/5),Bifidobacterium bifidum(2/5),B. longumsubsp.longum(1/3),Bifidobacterium adolescentis(3/6),Bifidobacterium catenulatum(1/4),Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum(0/4),Bifidobacterium dentium(0/5), andBifidobacterium angulatum(0/3). Growth of none of the strains was highly promoted by bLF at 3.75 μM. We demonstrated that bLFH showed stronger bifidogenic activity than natural bLF, especially against infant-representative species,B. breveandB. longumsubsp.infantis; furthermore, we isolated its active peptide. This is the first report about a bifidogenic peptide derived from bLF.

Multilocus sequence typing of bifidobacterial strains from infant’s faeces and human milk: are bifidobacteria being sustainably shared during breastfeeding?

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Makino ◽  
R. Martin ◽  
E. Ishikawa ◽  
A. Gawad ◽  
H. Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk

Bifidobacteria are considered to be one of the most important beneficial intestinal bacteria for infants, contributing to the priming of the mucosal immune system. These microbes can also be detected in mother’s milk, suggesting a potential role of human milk in the colonisation of infant’s gut. However, little is known about the timing of bacteria appearance in human milk, and whether human milk is the first source of inoculation. Here, we investigated whether specific strains are shared sustainably between maternal milk and infant’s gut. Faecal samples and human milk were collected from 102 healthy mother-infant pairs (infant’s faeces: meconium, 7, 30 days of age; mother’s milk: once before delivery, colostrum, 7, 30 days after delivery). Bifidobacterial strains were isolated from these samples, and were discriminated by means of multilocus sequencing typing. No bifidobacteria were detected from human milk collected before delivery, or colostrum. Strains were isolated only from human milk samples obtained 7 days after birth or later. On the other hand, bifidobacterial strains were obtained from infant’s faeces throughout the study period, sometimes as early as the first day of life (meconium). We have found that bifidobacterial species belonging to Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum could be identified as monophyletic between infant’s faeces and their mother’s milk. These strains were confirmed to be sustainably shared between maternal milk and infant’s gut. Moreover, monophyletic strains were isolated at the same time point or earlier from infant’s faeces than from human milk, and none were isolated earlier from human milk than from infant’s faeces. Although it remains unclear whether human milk is the first source of microbes for infants, our results confirm that human milk is a reservoir of bifidobacteria, and specific strains are shared between infant’s intestine and human milk during breastfeeding.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНБИОТИЧЕСКОГОКИСЛОМОЛОЧНОГО ПРОДУКТА НА ОСНОВЕКОНСОРЦИУМА БИФИДОБАКТЕРИЙ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.П. Каменская ◽  
М.В. Обрезкова ◽  
Е.Е. Базеева
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis

Одним из приоритетных направлений пищевых технологий является создание продуктов, обладающих лечебно-профилактическим и функциональным действием, в частности кисломолочных симбиотических продуктов, сочетающих в себе сложные компоненты направленного действия – пробиотики и пребиотики. Цель работы – исследование взаимодействия штаммов различных видов бифидобактерий для получения на их основе консорциума с новыми биотехнологическими свойствами и создание синбиотического кисломолочного продукта с высоким титром бифидобактерий. Объектами исследований были выбраны штаммы Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, Bifidobacterium longum 379 М, Bifidobacterium adolescentis МС-42. При оценке качества в работе применяли общепринятые методы исследований. Установлено, что оптимальным соотношением штаммов B. bifidum 791, B. longum 379 М, B. аdolescentis МС-42 в составе комбинированной закваски является 1:1:2. Диско-диффузионным методом проведен анализ устойчивости консорциума к 23 антибиотикам разных поколений и спектров действий. Наибольшая устойчивость отмечена к бета-лактамным антибиотикам, бактерицидная активность которых обусловлена ингибированием синтеза клеточной стенки микроорганизмов. Также изучено влияние различных концентраций пребиотиков полисахаридной природы (пектина и инулина) на изменение количества жизнеспособных клеток бифидобактерий. Показано, что синбиотический кисломолочный продукт на основе подобранного консорциума бифидобактерий с внесением 2,5 % пектина может быть рекомендован для профилактики и коррекции нарушений дисбаланса кишечной микрофлоры, а также поддержания неспецифической резистентности организма. 

scholarly journals Survival of vaccine-induced human milk SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA immunoglobulins across simulated human infant gastrointestinal digestion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrtani Pieri ◽  
Vicky Nicolaidou ◽  
Irene Paphiti ◽  
Spyros Pipis ◽  
Kyriacos Felekkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Lactating Mothers

Four vaccines have been approved to date by the European Medicines Agency for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, with all four being targeted to adults over 18 years of age. One way to protect the younger population such as infants or younger children until pediatric vaccines are licensed is through passive immunity via breastfeeding. Recent evidence points to the fact that human milk contains immunoglobulins (Ig) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, both after natural infection or vaccination, but it is not known whether these antibodies can resist enzymatic degradation during digestion in the infant gastrointestinal (GI) tract or indeed protect the consumers. Here, we describe our preliminary experiments where we validated commercially available ELISA kits to detect IgA and IgG antibodies in human milk from two lactating mothers vaccinated with either the Pfizer/BioNTech or the Astra Zeneca vaccine, and the effect of a static in vitro digestion protocol on the IgA and IgG concentrations. Our data, even preliminary, provide an indication that the IgA antibodies produced after vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine resist the gastric phase but are degraded during the intestinal phase of infant digestion, whereas the IgGs are more prone to degradation in both phases of digestion. We are in the process of recruiting more individuals to further evaluate the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin profile of breastmilk, and the extent to which these antibodies can resist digestion in the infant GI tract.

scholarly journals The Milk Metabolome of Non-secretor and Lewis Negative Mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidong Wang ◽  
Petya Koleva ◽  
Elloise du Toit ◽  
Donna T. Geddes ◽  
Daniel Munblit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Fold Change Analysis

Introduction: The functional role of milk for the developing neonate is an area of great interest, and a significant amount of research has been done. However, a lot of work remains to fully understand the complexities of milk, and the variations imposed through genetics. It has previously been shown that both secretor (Se) and Lewis blood type (Le) status impacts the human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) content of human milk. While some studies have compared the non-HMO milk metabolome of Se+ and Se− women, none have reported on the non-HMO milk metabolome of Se− and Le– mothers.Method and Results: To determine the differences in the non-HMO milk metabolome between Se–Le– mothers and other HMO phenotypes (Se+Le+, Se+Le–, and Se–Le+), 10 milk samples from 10 lactating mothers were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Se or Le HMO phenotypes were assigned based on the presence and absence of 6 HMOs generated by the Se and Le genes. After classification, 58 milk metabolites were compared among the HMO phenotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified clear separation between Se–Le– milk and the other milks. Fold change analysis demonstrated that the Se–Le– milk had major differences in free fatty acids, free amino acids, and metabolites related to energy metabolism.Conclusion: The results of this brief research report suggest that the milk metabolome of mothers with the Se–Le– phenotype differs in its non-HMO metabolite composition from mothers with other HMO phenotypes.

scholarly journals Exploring the Diversity of the Bifidobacterial Population in the Human Intestinal Tract

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Turroni ◽  
Elena Foroni ◽  
Paola Pizzetti ◽  
Vanessa Giubellini ◽  
Angela Ribbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Human Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Internally Transcribed Spacer

ABSTRACT Although the health-promoting roles of bifidobacteria are widely accepted, the diversity of bifidobacteria among the human intestinal microbiota is still poorly understood. We performed a census of bifidobacterial populations from human intestinal mucosal and fecal samples by plating them on selective medium, coupled with molecular analysis of selected rRNA gene sequences (16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer [ITS] 16S-23S spacer sequences) of isolated colonies. A total of 900 isolates were collected, of which 704 were shown to belong to bifidobacteria. Analyses showed that the culturable bifidobacterial population from intestinal and fecal samples include six main phylogenetic taxa, i.e., Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, and two species mostly detected in fecal samples, i.e., Bifidobacterium dentium and Bifidobacterium animalis subp. lactis. Analysis of bifidobacterial distribution based on age of the subject revealed that certain identified bifidobacterial species were exclusively present in the adult human gut microbiota whereas others were found to be widely distributed. We encountered significant intersubject variability and composition differences between fecal and mucosa-adherent bifidobacterial communities. In contrast, a modest diversification of bifidobacterial populations was noticed between different intestinal regions within the same individual (intrasubject variability). Notably, a small number of bifidobacterial isolates were shown to display a wide ecological distribution, thus suggesting that they possess a broad colonization capacity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of effects of rumen fluid in combination with probiotic preparations and vanillin on the luminescence of a recombinant strain E. coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il'shat Karimov ◽  
Kristina Kondrashova ◽  
Galimzhan Duskaev ◽  
Olga Kvan
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Dry Substance

A way to assess the metabolic state of bacteria of rumen microflora cells is the registration of glow kinetics including recombinant strains, which is a reflection of stress states developing in the cell. The experiment evaluated the effect of rumen fluid in combination with probiotic strains and vanillin on the luminescence of a recombinant strain Escherichia coli MG1655 and digestibility of feed. The “in vitro” method with the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) was used to determine the digestibility of the dry substance of feed. Using the initial sample, the glow level at the 30th minute was recorded at 3,149±145 RLU, which is 32% of the control level. In the presence of rumen fluid (at the concentration of 6.25%), there was observed an improved response by E.coli against Saccharomyces boulardii’s background (by 44%). The use of vanillin in rumen fluid increases the glow level of bacterial cells in the range of concentrations up to 50%, and in combination with probiotic strains, in the range of 25-50 %. In vitro conditions against the background of rumen fluid showed that vanillin in combination with probiotic strains Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis / Lactobacillus acidophilus contributes to an increase in the digestibility of the dry substance of feed.

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