scholarly journals Variation in Biofilm Formation among Strains of Listeria monocytogenes

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 7336-7342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica K. Borucki ◽  
Jason D. Peppin ◽  
David White ◽  
Frank Loge ◽  
Douglas R. Call
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Cell Adherence ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Food Borne

ABSTRACT Contamination of food by Listeria monocytogenes is thought to occur most frequently in food-processing environments where cells persist due to their ability to attach to stainless steel and other surfaces. Once attached these cells may produce multicellular biofilms that are resistant to disinfection and from which cells can become detached and contaminate food products. Because there is a correlation between virulence and serotype (and thus phylogenetic division) of L. monocytogenes, it is important to determine if there is a link between biofilm formation and disease incidence for L. monocytogenes. Eighty L. monocytogenes isolates were screened for biofilm formation to determine if there is a robust relationship between biofilm formation, phylogenic division, and persistence in the environment. Statistically significant differences were detected between phylogenetic divisions. Increased biofilm formation was observed in Division II strains (serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c), which are not normally associated with food-borne outbreaks. Differences in biofilm formation were also detected between persistent and nonpersistent strains isolated from bulk milk samples, with persistent strains showing increased biofilm formation relative to nonpersistent strains. There were no significant differences detected among serotypes. Exopolysaccharide production correlated with cell adherence for high-biofilm-producing strains. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a high-biofilm-forming strain produced a dense, three-dimensional structure, whereas a low-biofilm-forming strain produced a thin, patchy biofilm. These data are consistent with data on persistent strains forming biofilms but do not support a consistent relationship between enhanced biofilm formation and disease incidence.

Biofilm Formation and Associated Genes in Listeria Monocytogenes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Warke ◽  
V. C. Ingle ◽  
N. V. Kurkure ◽  
P. A. Tembhurne ◽  
Minakshi Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Microtiter Assay

Listeria monocytogenes, an opportunistic food borne pathogen can cause serious infections in immunocompromised individuals. L. monocytogenes is capable of producing biofilm on the surface of food processing lines and instruments.The biofilm transfers contamination to food products and impose risk to public health. In the present study biofilm producing ability of L. monocytogenes isolates were investigated phenotypically and genotypically by microtiter assay and multiplex PCR, respectively. Out of 38 L. monocytogenes isolates 14 were recovered from animal clinical cases, 12 bovine environment and 12 from milk samples. A total of 3 (21.42%) clinical, 2 (16.66%) environment and 3 (25%) milk samples respectively, revealed biofilm production in microtiter assay. Cumulative results showed that 23 (60.52%) out of 38 strains of L. monocytogenes were positive for luxS and flaA gene and 1 (2.63%) was positive only for the flaA gene.

scholarly journals Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from a Poultry-Processing Facility Form More Biofilm but Do Not Have a Greater Resistance to Disinfectants than Sporadic Strains

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodríguez-Campos ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez-Melcón ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Calleja ◽  
Rosa Capita
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Bacterial Persistence ◽  
Crystal Violet Assay ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Sessile Cells ◽  
Selection Of

Some strains of Listeria monocytogenes can persist in food-processing environments, increasing the likelihood of the contamination of foodstuffs. To identify traits that contribute to bacterial persistence, a selection of persistent and sporadic L. monocytogenes isolates from a poultry-processing facility was investigated for biofilm-forming ability (crystal violet assay). The susceptibility of sessile cells to treatments (five minutes) with sodium hypochlorite having 10% active chlorine (SHY: 10,000 ppm, 25,000 ppm, and 50,000 ppm) and benzalkonium chloride (BZK: 2500 ppm, 10,000 ppm, and 25,000 ppm) was also studied. All isolates exhibited biofilm formation on polystyrene. Persistent strains showed larger (p < 0.001) biofilm formation (OD580 = 0.301 ± 0.097) than sporadic strains (OD580 = 0.188 ± 0.082). A greater susceptibility to disinfectants was observed for biofilms of persistent strains than for those of sporadic strains. The application of SHY reduced biofilms only for persistent strains. BZK increased OD580 in persistent strains (2500 ppm) and in sporadic strains (all concentrations). These results indicate that the use of BZK at the concentrations tested could represent a public health risk. Findings in this work suggest a link between persistence and biofilm formation, but do not support a relationship between persistence and the resistance of sessile cells to disinfectants.

scholarly journals Importance of Enterococcus spp. for Forming a Biofilm

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S354-S356 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Necidová ◽  
B. Janštová ◽  
S. Karpíšková ◽  
Š. Cupáková ◽  
M. Dušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Plant Level

The aim of this study was to monitore the capability of <I>Enterococcus fecalis</I> and <I>Enterococcus fecium</I> to form biofilms. Enterococci isolates originated from individual milk, bulk milk samples and environmental swabs obtained at farm level, dairy plant level including semi and final dairy products. Biofilm formation potential was determined by growing the tested strains in glas tubes containing BHI medium. The capability of forming biofilms was detected in 28% of <I>Enterococcus</I> spp. strains. Higher number of biofilm forming strains of the <I>Enterococcus faecium</I> (33%) than <I>Enterococcus faecalis</I> (28%) has been registered. Isolates obtained at plant level were forming biofilms more often than isolates from plant level and in final products (cheese and curd cheese), no isolate has been seen to be able to form biofilm.

scholarly journals Role of Extracellular DNA during Biofilm Formation by Listeria monocytogenes

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2271-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Harmsen ◽  
Martin Lappann ◽  
Susanne Kn�chel ◽  
S�ren Molin
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Central Component ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Salmon Sperm Dna

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that is capable of living in harsh environments. It is believed to do this by forming biofilms, which are surface-associated multicellular structures encased in a self-produced matrix. In this paper we show that in L. monocytogenes extracellular DNA (eDNA) may be the only central component of the biofilm matrix and that it is necessary for both initial attachment and early biofilm formation for 41 L. monocytogenes strains that were tested. DNase I treatment resulted in dispersal of biofilms, not only in microtiter tray assays but also in flow cell biofilm assays. However, it was also demonstrated that in a culture without eDNA, neither Listeria genomic DNA nor salmon sperm DNA by itself could restore the capacity to adhere. A search for additional necessary components revealed that peptidoglycan (PG), specifically N-acetylglucosamine (NAG), interacted with the DNA in a manner which restored adhesion. If a short DNA fragment (less than approximately 500 bp long) was added to an eDNA-free culture prior to addition of genomic or salmon sperm DNA, adhesion was prevented, indicating that high-molecular-weight DNA is required for adhesion and that the number of attachment sites on the cell surface can be saturated.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes to Quaternary Ammonium Sanitizers Is Mediated by a Novel Efflux Pump Encoded by emrE

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Kovacevic ◽  
Jennifer Ziegler ◽  
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽  
Aleisha Reimer ◽  
David D. Kitts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Cell Adherence ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

ABSTRACTA novel genomic island (LGI1) was discovered inListeria monocytogenesisolates responsible for the deadliest listeriosis outbreak in Canada, in 2008. To investigate the functional role of LGI1, the outbreak strain 08-5578 was exposed to food chain-relevant stresses, and the expression of 16 LGI1 genes was measured. LGI1 genes with putative efflux (L. monocytogenesemrE[emrELm]), regulatory (lmo1851), and adhesion (sel1) functions were deleted, and the mutants were exposed to acid (HCl), cold (4°C), salt (10 to 20% NaCl), and quaternary ammonium-based sanitizers (QACs). Deletion oflmo1851had no effect on theL. monocytogenesstress response, and deletion ofsel1did not influence Caco-2 and HeLa cell adherence/invasion, whereas deletion ofemrEresulted in increased susceptibility to QACs (P< 0.05) but had no effect on the MICs of gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, acriflavine, and triclosan. In the presence of the QAC benzalkonium chloride (BAC; 5 μg/ml), 14/16 LGI1 genes were induced, andlmo1861(putative repressor gene) was constitutively expressed at 4°C, 37°C, and 52°C and in the presence of UV exposure (0 to 30 min). Following 1 h of exposure to BAC (10 μg/ml), upregulation ofemrE(49.6-fold),lmo1851(2.3-fold),lmo1861(82.4-fold), andsigB(4.1-fold) occurred. Reserpine visibly suppressed the growth of the ΔemrELmstrain, indicating that QAC tolerance is due at least partially to efflux activity. These data suggest that a minimal function of LGI1 is to increase the tolerance ofL. monocytogenesto QACs viaemrELm. Since QACs are commonly used in the food industry, there is a concern thatL. monocytogenesstrains possessingemrEwill have an increased ability to survive this stress and thus to persist in food processing environments.

Growth of Listeria monocytogenes as a Biofilm on Various Food-Processing Surfaces

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL C. BLACKMAN ◽  
JOSEPH F. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Substantial Risk

The objective of this research was to determine the ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow as a biofilm on various food-processing surfaces including stainless steel, Teflon®, nylon, and polyester floor sealant. Each of these surfaces was able to support biofilm formation when incubation was at 21°C in Trypticase soy broth (TSB). Biofilm formation was greatest on polyester floor sealant (40% of surface area covered after 7 days of incubation) and least on nylon (3% coverage). The use of chemically defined minimal medium resulted in a lack of biofilm formation on polyester floor sealant, and reduced biofilm levels on stainless steel. Biofilm formation was reduced with incubation at 10°C, but Teflon® and stainless steel still allowed 23 to 24% coverage after incubation in TSB for 18 days. Biofilm growth of L. monocytogenes was sufficient to provide a substantial risk of this pathogen contaminating the food-processing plant environment if wet surfaces are not maintained in a sanitary condition.

scholarly journals Effect of Octenidine Hydrochloride on Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 4089-4092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Roshni Amalaradjou ◽  
Carol E. Norris ◽  
Kumar Venkitanarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Nonfat Dry Milk

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen capable of forming biofilms and persisting in food processing environments for extended periods of time, thereby potentially contaminating foods. The efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride (OH) for inactivating planktonic cells and preformed biofilms of L. monocytogenes was investigated at 37, 21, 8, and 4°C in the presence and absence of organic matter (rehydrated nonfat dry milk). OH rapidly killed planktonic cells and biofilms of L. monocytogenes at all four temperatures. Moreover, OH was equally effective in killing L. monocytogenes biofilms on polystyrene and stainless steel matrices in the presence and absence of organic matter. The results underscore OH's ability to prevent establishment of L. monocytogenes biofilms by rapidly killing planktonic cells and to eliminate preformed biofilms, thus suggesting that it could be used as a disinfectant to prevent L. monocytogenes from persisting in food processing environments.

scholarly journals Comparison of biofilm formation between non-pathogenic Listeria strains under different stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrit Hasani ◽  
Sabrine Labidi ◽  
Csilla Mohácsi-Farkas ◽  
Gabriella Kiskó
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Listeria Seeligeri

AbstractMicro-organisms can attach to food surfaces and develop biofilms which present a concern in food and environmental safety. The main goal of the current study was to investigate the biofilm formation of six non-pathogenic Listeria strains under different stress conditions using a microplate assay. The effect of the weak biofilm-forming non-pathogenic Listeria strains on the biofilm formation of a strong biofilm-forming pathogenic Listeria strain (Listeria monocytogenes #8) was also examined. Listeria innocua CCM4030, Listeria innocua 2885 and Listeria seeligeri/welshimeri 292 showed the same patterns of biofilm formation with increasing NaCl concentrations from 0.05 to 15%, but all the other strains showed a continuously decreasing trend of OD595 in the same conditions. This study showed that in the case of non-pathogenic Listeria strains, higher concentrations of NaCl do not present a stress condition that enhances biofilm formation. Decrease in pH inhibited biofilm formation for all the non-pathogenic Listeria strains. The weak biofilm forming non-pathogenic Listeria strains (Listeria innocua 2885 and Listeria innocua CCM4030) overgrew the strong biofilm-forming Listeria strain (Listeria monocytogenes #8) during biofilm formation. This phenomenon could be beneficial and potentially be used as a novel control strategy to prevent the colonization of the pathogenic Listeria at food processing facilities such as in meat industry.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation Ability of Arcobacter-Like and Campylobacter Strains under Different Conditions and on Food Processing Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
David Šilha ◽  
Sabina Sirotková ◽  
Karolína Švarcová ◽  
Leona Hofmeisterová ◽  
Květa Koryčanová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastrointestinal food-borne infection worldwide. The transmission of Campylobacter and Arcobacter-like species is often made possible by their ability to adhere to various abiotic surfaces. This study is focused on monitoring the biofilm ability of 69 strains of Campylobacter spp. and lesser described species of the Arcobacteraceae family isolated from food, water, and clinical samples within the Czech Republic. Biofilm formation was monitored and evaluated under an aerobic/microaerophilic atmosphere after cultivation for 24 or 72 h depending on the surface material. An overall higher adhesion ability was observed in arcobacters. A chi-squared test showed no association between the origin of the strains and biofilm activity (p > 0.05). Arcobacter-like species are able to form biofilms under microaerophilic and aerobic conditions; however, they prefer microaerophilic environments. Biofilm formation has already been demonstrated at refrigerator temperatures (5 °C). Arcobacters also showed higher biofilm formation ability at the temperature of 30 °C. This is in contrast to Campylobacter jejuni NP 2896, which showed higher biofilm formation ability at temperatures of 5–30 °C. Overall, the results demonstrated the biofilm formation ability of many strains, which poses a considerable risk to the food industry, medical practice, and human health.

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