scholarly journals Unexpectedly Diverse Mesorhizobium Strains and Rhizobium leguminosarum Nodulate Native Legume Genera of New Zealand, while Introduced Legume Weeds Are Nodulated by Bradyrhizobium Species

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 5980-5987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevan S. Weir ◽  
Susan J. Turner ◽  
Warwick B. Silvester ◽  
Duck-Chul Park ◽  
John M. Young
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Ulex Europaeus ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Adventive Flora ◽  
Native Legume ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Introduced Weeds

ABSTRACT The New Zealand native legume flora are represented by four genera, Sophora, Carmichaelia, Clianthus, and Montigena. The adventive flora of New Zealand contains several legume species introduced in the 19th century and now established as serious invasive weeds. Until now, nothing has been reported on the identification of the associated rhizobia of native or introduced legumes in New Zealand. The success of the introduced species may be due, at least in part, to the nature of their rhizobial symbioses. This study set out to address this issue by identifying rhizobial strains isolated from species of the four native legume genera and from the introduced weeds: Acacia spp. (wattles), Cytisus scoparius (broom), and Ulex europaeus (gorse). The identities of the isolates and their relationship to known rhizobia were established by comparative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA, atpD, glnII, and recA gene sequences. Maximum-likelihood analysis of the resultant data partitioned the bacteria into three genera. Most isolates from native legumes aligned with the genus Mesorhizobium, either as members of named species or as putative novel species. The widespread distribution of strains from individual native legume genera across Mesorhizobium spp. contrasts with previous reports implying that bacterial species are specific to limited numbers of legume genera. In addition, four isolates were identified as Rhizobium leguminosarum. In contrast, all sequences from isolates from introduced weeds aligned with Bradyrhizobium species but formed clusters distinct from existing named species. These results show that native legume genera and these introduced legume genera do not have the same rhizobial populations.

Ein föderales Imperium?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rummel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
British Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
The Other ◽  
The 19Th Century

The previously ignored model of Greek colonisation attracted numerous actors from the 19th century British empire: historians, politicians, administrators, military personnel, journalists or anonymous commentators used the ancient paradigm to advocate a global federation exclusively encompassing Great Britain and the settler colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Unlike other historical templates, Greek colonisation could be viewed as innovative and unspent: innovative because of the possibility of combining empire and liberty and unspent due to its very novelty, which did not contain the ‘imperial vice’ the other models had so often shown and which had always led to their political and cultural decline.

scholarly journals NodC-based evaluation of the occurrence of bacteria in nodules of Pisum sativum isolated on YEM agar

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Anna Lenart-Boroń ◽  
Tadeusz Zając ◽  
Piotr Mateusz Boroń ◽  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol ◽  
Diverse Community

SummaryThe bacterial nodulation (nod) genes are essential in the formation process of root nodules. This study was aimed to verify the occurrence of nodule-associated bacteria in two pea varieties (“Tarchalska” and “Klif ”) inoculated withRhizobiuminoculants – Nitragine™ and a noncommercial one produced by the Polish Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG). The number of colonies isolated on yeast extract mannitol (YEM) agar from the nodules of “Klif ” inoculated with IUNG inoculants was significantly higher than the number of colonies isolated from other variants. Species identification was based on sequencing of 16S rDNA, which revealed that despite careful sterilization of nodules, sequences of other bacterial species were detected. Among them, one sequence belonged toRhizobium leguminosarum(isolated from IUNG inoculant). To assess the presence of nodulation-capableRhizobium, amplification of thenodCgene was performed, which revealed that of 29 samples, 19 were positive. The remaining isolates, including reference strain and bacteria isolated from Nitragine™, lacked this gene. The results show that pea nodules harbor a very diverse community of bacteria. The lack ofnodCgene in some strains isolated from plants inoculated with Nitragine™ and with IUNG inoculant proves that even ifR. leguminosarumare abundant, they may not be efficient in nodulation.

scholarly journals The Influences of Performers and Composers on Selected  Violin Works of Johannes Brahms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna Lee
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Johannes Brahms ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
School Of Music ◽  
Violin Music ◽  
High Esteem ◽  
Joseph Joachim ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Hungarian Dances

<p>Joseph Joachim was the most influential violinist in Brahms’s life. Not only did the pair have a close personal friendship, but they also admired and respected each other on a professional level. Their high esteem and appreciation for each other led to performance and compositional collaborations. One of the most beloved and well-known works of Brahms’s violin music, the Violin Concerto, was dedicated to Joachim. Indubitably, Joachim influenced the Violin Concerto. Regardless, there are many debates on how much of an input Joachim had on the concerto. In order to examine the influences of performers and composers on selected violin works of Johannes Brahms, the three sections in this paper will investigate Joachim and Brahms, then discuss the importance of a performer-composer’s relationship in the 19th century and, finally, assess the amount of Joachim’s influence on the Brahms Violin Concerto. Each category will have an introduction and information presented in a biographical form, a historical form and musical analysis. Some of the following analysis may be hypothetical, yet, a possibility. Further part of my research will conclude with a recital programme consisting of the Beethoven Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61, I. Allegro Ma Non Troppo, Brahms Sonata No. 3 in D minor, Op. 108, Sonatensatz/Scherzo movement of the F-A-E Sonata, and Hungarian Dances No. 1, 5 and 7. This will take place on June 18, 2011 in the Adam Concert Room at New Zealand School of Music at 10:30 A.M.</p>

An investigation of antibacterial activity of New Zealand seaweed-associated marine bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnoush Tangestani ◽  
Paul Broady ◽  
Arvind Varsani
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Phylogenetic Identification

Aim: To explore seaweed-associated bacteria as prospective producers of bioactive material with antibacterial properties. Materials & methods: 143 bacterial species were isolated from the surface of 15 New Zealand marine macroalgae. Bacterial extracts obtained using dimethyl sulfoxide and ethyl acetate were screened for antagonistic activities against three antimicrobial susceptibility indicators: Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli, using well-diffusion method. For selected species, minimum inhibitory concentration was determined, followed by a phylogenetic identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results: Among all bacteria screened, seven that belonged to the genera Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Psychromonas and Cobetia, showed antagonistic activity against all three indicators. Conclusion: Seaweed-associated bacteria produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential and possible biomedical application in aquatic habitats.

Cot death

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Michael Obladen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Cot Death ◽  
Prone Sleeping ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The 19Th Century

Since antiquity, cot death was explained as accidental suffocation, overlaying, or smothering. Parents were blamed for neglect or drunkenness, and a cage called arcuccio was invented around 1570 to protect the sleeping infant. Up to the 19th century, accidents were registered as natural causes of death. From 1830, accidental suffocation became unacceptable for physicians and legislators, and ‘natural’ explanations for the catastrophe were sought, with parents being consoled rather than blamed. Prone sleeping originated in the 1930s and from 1944 was associated with cot death. However, from the 1960s many authors recommended prone sleeping for infants, and many countries adopted the advice. A worldwide epidemic followed, peaking at 2% in England and Wales and 5% in New Zealand in the 1980s. Although epidemiological evidence was available by 1970, the first intervention was initiated in the Netherlands in 1989. Cot death disappeared almost entirely wherever prone sleeping was avoided. This strongly supports the assumption that prone sleeping has the greatest influence on the disorder, and that the epidemic resulted from wrong advice.

scholarly journals Meteor Studies

1988 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Lindblad
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Sporadic Meteors ◽  
Important Milestone

Historically meteor astronomy is one area where amateurs have always been able to make significant contributions. In fact, in the 19th century, it was amateur naked eye and telescopic observations which laid down much of the foundations of meteor astronomy. References to this work can be found in any textbook on meteors. The 19th century observers concentrated on counting meteors, estimating magnitudes and plotting the meteor paths on star maps. Their main interest was to determine hourly rates and shower radiants. An important milestone was Denning’s radiant catalogue (Denning 1882), which included 4367 shower radiants. Although it is now believed that many of these radiants are spurious, the catalogue is still a useful reference. Unfortunately Denning and other 19th century observers often combined sporadic meteors observed on different nights into a minor stream radiant. This habit of “radiant hunting” is even today quite popular among some amateur observers. However, in all fairness it should be emphasized that most of the 20th century amateur meteor observers applied very strict criteria to their radiant determinations. Names such as J.M. Prentice in Great Britain, R.A. McIntosh in New Zealand and R. Rigollet in France may be mentioned.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Wild-Bird Fecal Material in Children's Playgrounds

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel P. French ◽  
Anne Midwinter ◽  
Barbara Holland ◽  
Julie Collins-Emerson ◽  
Rebecca Pattison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Garden Birds ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Children Under 5

ABSTRACT In many countries relatively high notification rates of campylobacteriosis are observed in children under 5 years of age. Few studies have considered the role that environmental exposure plays in the epidemiology of these cases. Wild birds inhabit parks and playgrounds and are recognized carriers of Campylobacter, and young children are at greater risk of ingesting infective material due to their frequent hand-mouth contact. We investigated wild-bird fecal contamination in playgrounds in parks in a New Zealand city. A total of 192 samples of fresh and dried fecal material were cultured to determine the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni isolates were also characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the profiles obtained were compared with those of human isolates. C. jejuni was isolated from 12.5% of the samples. MLST identified members of clonal complexes ST-45, ST-682, and ST-177; all of these complexes have been recovered from wild birds in Europe. PFGE of ST-45 isolates resulted in profiles indistinguishable from those of isolated obtained from human cases in New Zealand. Members of the ST-177 and ST-682 complexes have been found in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in the United Kingdom, and these birds were common in playgrounds investigated in New Zealand in this study. We suggest that feces from wild birds in playgrounds could contribute to the occurrence of campylobacteriosis in preschool children. Further, the C. jejuni isolates obtained in this study belonged to clonal complexes associated with wild-bird populations in the northern hemisphere and could have been introduced into New Zealand in imported wild garden birds in the 19th century.

scholarly journals Bacterial genospecies that are not ecologically coherent: population genomics of Rhizobium leguminosarum

Open Biology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 140133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Kumar ◽  
Ganesh Lad ◽  
Elisa Giuntini ◽  
Maria E. Kaye ◽  
Piyachat Udomwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Core Gene ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
Core Genes

Biological species may remain distinct because of genetic isolation or ecological adaptation, but these two aspects do not always coincide. To establish the nature of the species boundary within a local bacterial population, we characterized a sympatric population of the bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum by genomic sequencing of 72 isolates. Although all strains have 16S rRNA typical of R. leguminosarum , they fall into five genospecies by the criterion of average nucleotide identity (ANI). Many genes, on plasmids as well as the chromosome, support this division: recombination of core genes has been largely within genospecies. Nevertheless, variation in ecological properties, including symbiotic host range and carbon-source utilization, cuts across these genospecies, so that none of these phenotypes is diagnostic of genospecies. This phenotypic variation is conferred by mobile genes. The genospecies meet the Mayr criteria for biological species in respect of their core genes, but do not correspond to coherent ecological groups, so periodic selection may not be effective in purging variation within them. The population structure is incompatible with traditional ‘polyphasic taxonomy′ that requires bacterial species to have both phylogenetic coherence and distinctive phenotypes. More generally, genomics has revealed that many bacterial species share adaptive modules by horizontal gene transfer, and we envisage a more consistent taxonomic framework that explicitly recognizes this. Significant phenotypes should be recognized as ‘biovars' within species that are defined by core gene phylogeny.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document