scholarly journals Temporal Shedding Patterns and Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157 in a Cohort of Beef Calves and Their Dams

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1708-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Pearce ◽  
C. Jenkins ◽  
L. Vali ◽  
A. W. Smith ◽  
H. I. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
E Coli ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT This study investigated the shedding of Escherichia coli O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157 in a cohort of beef calves from birth over a 5-month period and assessed the relationship between shedding in calves and shedding in their dams, the relationship between shedding and scouring in calves, and the effect of housing on shedding in calves. Fecal samples were tested by immunomagnetic separation and by PCR and DNA hybridization assays. E. coli O26 was shed by 94% of calves. Over 90% of E. coli O26 isolates carried the vtx 1, eae, and ehl genes, 6.5% carried vtx 1 and vtx 2, and one isolate carried vtx 2 only. Serogroup O26 isolates comprised seven pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns but were dominated by one pattern which represented 85.7% of isolates. E. coli O103 was shed by 51% of calves. Forty-eight percent of E. coli O103 isolates carried eae and ehl, 2% carried vtx 2, and none carried vtx 1. Serogroup O103 isolates comprised 10 PFGE patterns and were dominated by two patterns representing 62.5% of isolates. Shedding of E. coli O145 and O157 was rare. All serogroup O145 isolates carried eae, but none carried vtx 1 or vtx 2. All but one serogroup O157 isolate carried vtx 2, eae, and ehl. E. coli O111 was not detected. In most calves, the temporal pattern of E. coli O26 and O103 shedding was random. E. coli O26 was detected in three times as many samples as E. coli O103, and the rate at which calves began shedding E. coli O26 for the first time was five times greater than that for E. coli O103. For E. coli O26, O103, and O157, there was no association between shedding by calves and shedding by dams within 1 week of birth. For E. coli O26 and O103, there was no association between shedding and scouring, and there was no significant change in shedding following housing.

Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Characterization of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O157 from Hides of Cattle at Slaughter

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1172-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. AVERY ◽  
A. SMALL ◽  
C.-A. REID ◽  
S. BUNCIC
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence

Contamination of the brisket areas of the hides of healthy adult cattle with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli O157 at slaughter in England was studied. In total, 73 cattle consignments comprising 584 animals delivered to one abattoir over 3 days during 1 week in July 2001 were studied: 26 cattle consignments arriving on Monday, 32 consignments arriving on Wednesday, and 15 consignments arriving on Friday. Consignment sizes ranged from 1 to 23 animals, with a mean consignment size of 8. The hide of the first animal to be slaughtered in each consignment was sampled by using a sponge swab moistened with 0.85% saline to rub an unmeasured brisket (ventral) area (ca. 30 by 30 cm). The process of isolating E. coli O157 from the swabs consisted of enrichment, screening with immunoprecipitation assay kits, and immunomagnetic separation. E. coli O157 was found on 24 of 73 (32.9%) cattle hides examined, and 21 of these 24 isolates produced Shiga toxins. The 24 E. coli O157 isolates produced six different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles, and 18 (75%) of the isolates were of one prevalent clone. The high prevalence of one E. coli O157 clone on the hides of cattle at slaughter could be due to a high prevalence of that clone on the 18 farms involved (not investigated in the current study), in the postfarm transport or lairage environments, or both. Since the lairage environment, but not the farm of origin or the postfarm transport vehicle, was a factor common to all 18 cattle consignments, it could have played an important role in spreading the prevalent E. coli O157 clone to the cattle hides. Lairage pen floors and the stunning box floor were identified as the most probable sites along the unloading-to-slaughter route at which the brisket areas of cattle hides could become contaminated.

scholarly journals Molecular typing of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 (H−) isolates from cattle in Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. AKIBA ◽  
T. MASUDA ◽  
T. SAMESHIMA ◽  
K. KATSUDA ◽  
M. NAKAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Pfge Profiles

A total of 77 Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 (H−) isolates from cattle in Japan were investigated by molecular biological methods. Most of these isolates (43 isolates) possessed the stx2 gene, but not stx1. Fifteen bacteriophage types and 50 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were observed. One isolate was indistinguishable from the human outbreak strain by these methods. This indicates that cattle must be considered as a possible source of human E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 infection in Japan.

scholarly journals Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Cattle Housed in a Confined Environment following Waterborne Inoculation

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Shere ◽  
C. W. Kaspar ◽  
K. J. Bartlett ◽  
S. E. Linden ◽  
B. Norell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Genomic Dnas ◽  
Confined Environment ◽  
Effective Water

ABSTRACT A study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 transmission and shedding was conducted with bull calves housed in individual pens within a confined environment. For comparative purposes, the numbers and duration of E. coli O157:H7 shedding in naturally infected calves were monitored after a single purchased calf (calf 156) tested positive prior to inoculation. During the next 8 days, the calves in adjacent pens and a pen directly across a walkway from calf 156 began to shed this serotype O157:H7 strain. Five of the eight calves in this room shed this O157:H7 strain at some time during the following 8 weeks. The numbers of E. coli O157:H7 isolates shed in these calves varied from 60 to 105 CFU/g of feces, and the duration of shedding ranged from 17 to >31 days. The genomic DNAs from isolates recovered from these calves were indistinguishable when compared by using XbaI digestion and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Inoculation of calves with 1 liter of water containing ca. 103 to 104 CFU of E. coli O157:H7/ml resulted in shedding in 10 of 12 calves (trial 1, 4 of 4 calves; trial 2, 6 of 8 calves). The inoculated calves shed the inoculation strain (FRIK 1275) as early as 24 h after administration. The duration of shedding varied from 18 to >43 days at levels from 102 to 106 CFU/g of feces. The numbers of doses necessary to initiate shedding varied among calves, and two calves in trial 2 never shed FRIK 1275 after four doses (ca. 106 CFU per dose). Results from this study confirm previous reports of animal-to-animal and waterborne dissemination of E. coli O157:H7 and highlight the need for an effective water treatment to reduce the spread of this pathogen in cattle.

scholarly journals Long-Term Care Facilities Are Reservoirs for Antimicrobial-Resistant Sequence Type 131 Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Burgess ◽  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Stephen B. Porter ◽  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Connie Clabots ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Term Care ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract Background.  Emerging data implicate long-term care facilities (LTCFs) as reservoirs of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) Escherichia coli of sequence type 131 (ST131). We screened for ST131 among LTCF residents, characterized isolates molecularly, and identified risk factors for colonization. Methods.  We conducted a cross-sectional study using a single perianal swab or stool sample per resident in 2 LTCFs in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from April to July 2013. Confirmed FQ-R E. coli isolates underwent polymerase chain reaction-based phylotyping, detection of ST131 and its H30 and H30-Rx subclones, extended virulence genotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Epidemiological data were collected from medical records. Results.  Of 133 fecal samples, 33 (25%) yielded FQ-R E. coli, 32 (97%) of which were ST131. The overall proportion with ST131 intestinal colonization was 32 of 133 (24%), which differed by facility: 17 of 41 (42%) in facility 1 vs 15 of 92 (16%) in facility 2 (P = .002). All ST131 isolates represented the H30 subclone, with virulence gene and PFGE profiles resembling those of previously described ST131 clinical isolates. By PFGE, certain isolates clustered both within and across LTCFs. Multivariable predictors of ST131 colonization included inability to sign consent (odds ratio [OR], 4.16 [P = .005]), decubitus ulcer (OR, 4.87 [ P = .04]), and fecal incontinence (OR, 2.59 [P = .06]). Conclusions.  Approximately one fourth of LTCF residents carried FQ-R ST131 E. coli resembling ST131 clinical isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested intra- and interfacility transmission. The identified risk factors suggest that LTCF residents who require increased nursing care are at greatest risk for ST131 colonization, possibly due to healthcare-associated transmission.

scholarly journals Outbreak of KPC-3-producing ST15 and ST348Klebsiella pneumoniaein a Portuguese hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. VUBIL ◽  
R. FIGUEIREDO ◽  
T. REIS ◽  
C. CANHA ◽  
L. BOAVENTURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

SUMMARYTo date, only a few sporadic cases of infections due toKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC) producers have been reported in Portugal. Here, we report for the first time an outbreak ofK. pneumoniaeKPC-3 producers in a tertiary-care hospital during 2013. Twenty-seven ertapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaewere identified in patients at a tertiary-care hospital during 2013 isolated predominantly from urine (48·1%) and blood (25·9%) cultures. All isolates were highly resistant toβ-lactam antibiotics and most showed intermediate resistance to imipenem. The more frequentβ-lactamases were TEM- (77·7%), CTX-M- (70·3%) and KPC-type (66·6%). KPC-3 was identified by sequencing. TheblaKPC−3gene was associated with an IncF plasmid, and efficiently transferred toE. coliJ53. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing revealed three clusters of isolates which were further characterized by multi-locus sequence typing as ST11, ST15 and ST348. Ertapenem-resistant ST15 was already in circulation in the hospital, related to expression of OmpK36 modified porin, but the other two sequence types had not been previously found in the hospital. We conclude that the IncF plasmid mediated transfer of KPC-3 in the outbreak and that implementation of carbapenemase gene screening in isolates from patients on admission to hospital is advisable in order to control dissemination of these antimicrobial resistance elements.

Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Hide Contamination Routes: Feedlot to Harvest

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. CHILDS ◽  
C. A. SIMPSON ◽  
W. WARREN-SERNA ◽  
G. BELLENGER ◽  
B. CENTRELLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Side Rail

This study was conducted to identify the origin of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination on steer hides at the time of harvest. Samples were collected from the feedlot, transport trailers, and packing plant holding pens and from the colons and hides of feedlot steers. A total of 50 hide samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7 in two geographical locations: the Midwest (25 positive hides) and Southwest (25 positive hides). Hide samples were screened, and the presence of E. coli O157: H7 was confirmed. E. coli O157:H7 isolates were fingerprinted by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and subjected to multiplex PCR procedures for amplification of E. coli O157:H7 genes stx1, stx2, eaeA, fliC, rfbEO157, and hlyA. Feedlot water trough, pen floor, feed bunk, loading chute, truck trailer side wall and floor, packing plant holding pen floor and side rail, and packing plant cattle drinking water samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis banding patterns were analyzed after classifying isolates according to the marker genes present and according to packing plant. In this study, hide samples positive for E. coli O157:H7 were traced to other E. coli O157:H7–positive hide, colon, feedlot pen floor fecal, packing plant holding pen drinking water, and transport trailer side wall samples. Links were found between packing plant side rails, feedlot loading chutes, and feedlot pens and between truck trailer, different feedlots, and colons of multiple cattle. This study is the first in which genotypic matches have been made between E. coli O157:H7 isolates obtained from transport trailer side walls and those from cattle hide samples within the packing plant.

scholarly journals Emergence of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Producing CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Austria

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Eisner ◽  
Elizabeth J. Fagan ◽  
Gebhard Feierl ◽  
Harald H. Kessler ◽  
Egon Marth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
Esbl Producers

ABSTRACT Among 149 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected from patients in southeast Austria from 1998 to 2004, 38 Escherichia coli isolates and 11 Klebsiella spp. were CTX-M producers. The proportion of CTX-M-producers among all ESBL producers rose from 0% in 1998 to 58% in 2004. In general, CTX-M-producers had heterogeneous pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, but one E. coli isolate was identical to a United Kingdom epidemic CTX-M-15-producing strain, although no epidemiological link with the United Kingdom was apparent.

Characterization of the Risk to Human Health of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken Carcasses

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANÇOIS CAYA ◽  
JOHN M. FAIRBROTHER ◽  
LOUISE LESSARD ◽  
SYLVAIN QUESSY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Tract Infections

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk for human health associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from airsacculitis and cellulitis in chickens, by comparing the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of avian E. coli isolates and E. coli strains isolated from sick humans during the same period and in the same geographical area as the avian isolates. A total of 96 isolates and 46 isolates from lesions of cellulitis and airsacculitis, respectively, were obtained. Isolates from the backs of some of the affected and healthy birds and 91 intestinal and extraintestinal isolates from humans with diarrhea, urinary tract infections, or septicemia were examined. The frequency of antimicrobial resistance was in general higher in the avian than in the human isolates. VT1-VT2-Eae and VT2-Eae, pathotypes associated with hemolytic and uremic syndrome and bloody diarrhea in humans, were the most frequently encountered pathotypes in human intestinal isolates but were not recovered from the avian isolates. Aero-Pap-TSH and Aero-TSH were the most frequently encountered pathotypes in avian isolates but were rarely observed in human isolates. No avian isolate was of serogroup O157, whereas many human isolates belonged to this O group. O78 and O2 were the most frequently observed O groups in avian isolates but were rarely found in human isolates. Only two avian isolates demonstrated possible relatedness to human isolates based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles, but they belonged to different pathotypes. Our results suggest that avian isolates recovered from cellulitis and air sacullitis possess very few of the attributes required to cause diseases in humans. It is also concluded that isolates from cellulitis and airsacculitis do not represent a greater hazard than isolates from the back of healthy birds.

Prevalence and Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Pork Carcasses and in Swine Colon Contents from Provincially Licensed Abattoirs in Alberta, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1909-1917
Author(s):  
SAIDA ESSENDOUBI ◽  
XIANQIN YANG ◽  
ROBIN KING ◽  
JULIA KEENLISIDE ◽  
JAVIER BAHAMON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Swine Farms

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 in colon contents and on carcasses from pigs slaughtered at provincially licensed abattoirs (PLAs) in Alberta, Canada. In 2017, carcass sponge samples and colon content samples were collected from 504 healthy market hogs at 39 PLAs and analyzed for E. coli O157:H7. Carcass samples were also analyzed for E. coli and aerobic colony count (ACC). Nine (1.8%) of 504 carcass samples were confirmed positive for E. coli O157:H7. Seven (1.4%) of 504 colon content samples were confirmed positive for E. coli O157:H7. These positives were found in 5 (12.8%) of 39 PLAs from hogs originating from eight farms. The E. coli O157:H7 isolates recovered from the positive samples (n = 1 isolate per sample) were clonal, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Six E. coli O157:H7 isolates obtained over 8 months from one PLA that only processed hogs and sourced hogs from one farm had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. All 16 E. coli O157:H7 isolates harbored eae and ehxA and were of stx2a subtype, suggesting that swine can carry E. coli O157:H7 of importance to human health. All carcass sponge swabs (100%) were positive for ACC. E. coli was present in 72% of carcass swabs. Carcasses from PLAs slaughtering both beef and hogs had a numerically higher ACC mean value but not statistically different compared with the carcasses from PLAs slaughtering only swine (2,799 and 610 CFU/cm2, respectively). E. coli showed a similar trend with a mean value of 0.88 CFU/cm2 in PLAs slaughtering both species and 0.26 CFU/cm2 in PLAs slaughtering only swine (P ≤ 0.05). This study provides evidence that healthy market hogs from different producers and farms in Alberta can carry E. coli O157:H7, and some strains of the organism may be able to establish persistence on some swine farms. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Resistance Gene Transfer during Treatments for Experimental Avian Colibacillosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dheilly ◽  
Laëtitia Le Devendec ◽  
Gwenaëlle Mourand ◽  
Axelle Bouder ◽  
Eric Jouy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plasmid Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted in animal facilities to compare the impacts of four avian colibacillosis treatments—oxytetracycline (OTC), trimethoprim-sulfadimethoxine (SXT), amoxicillin (AMX), or enrofloxacin (ENR)—on the susceptibility ofEscherichia coliin broiler intestinal tracts. Birds were first orally inoculated with rifampin-resistantE. colistrains bearing plasmid genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones (qnr), cephalosporins (blaCTX-MorblaFOX), trimethoprim-sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, or tetracyclines. Feces samples were collected before, during, and after antimicrobial treatments. The susceptibilities ofE. colistrains were studied, and resistance gene transfer was analyzed. An increase in the tetracycline-resistantE. colipopulation was observed only in OTC-treated birds, whereas multiresistantE. coliwas detected in the dominantE. colipopulations of SXT-, AMX-, or ENR-treated birds. Most multiresistantE. colistrains were susceptible to rifampin and exhibited various pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles, suggesting the transfer of one of the multiresistance plasmids from the inoculated strains to otherE. colistrains in the intestinal tract. In conclusion, this study clearly illustrates how, inE. coli, “old” antimicrobials may coselect antimicrobial resistance to recent and critical molecules.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document