scholarly journals Current Status of Veterinary Vaccines

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els N. T. Meeusen ◽  
John Walker ◽  
Andrew Peters ◽  
Paul-Pierre Pastoret ◽  
Gregers Jungersen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Effective Manner

SUMMARY The major goals of veterinary vaccines are to improve the health and welfare of companion animals, increase production of livestock in a cost-effective manner, and prevent animal-to-human transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife. These diverse aims have led to different approaches to the development of veterinary vaccines from crude but effective whole-pathogen preparations to molecularly defined subunit vaccines, genetically engineered organisms or chimeras, vectored antigen formulations, and naked DNA injections. The final successful outcome of vaccine research and development is the generation of a product that will be available in the marketplace or that will be used in the field to achieve desired outcomes. As detailed in this review, successful veterinary vaccines have been produced against viral, bacterial, protozoal, and multicellular pathogens, which in many ways have led the field in the application and adaptation of novel technologies. These veterinary vaccines have had, and continue to have, a major impact not only on animal health and production but also on human health through increasing safe food supplies and preventing animal-to-human transmission of infectious diseases. The continued interaction between animals and human researchers and health professionals will be of major importance for adapting new technologies, providing animal models of disease, and confronting new and emerging infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Toward a transdisciplinary understanding and a global control of emerging infectious diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 903-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Gonzalez ◽  
Gérard Lambert ◽  
Anaïs Legand ◽  
Patrice Debré
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
High Level ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Scientific Debates

The Franceville International Centre for Medical Research (CIRMF) organized a first international symposium on infectious diseases, environments, and biodiversity. Over 200 international experts gathered in Gabon to forecast and work to prevent the emergence of infectious diseases. This symposium aimed to strengthen the regional and international fight against the emergence of infectious diseases with high-level scientific debates. Toward this goal, it brought together experts in human and animal health, the environment, and ecology, including biologists, climatologists, microbiologists, epidemiologists, public health professionals, and human and social sciences specialists. National, regional and international participants were present to debate on the challenges related to the emergence of infectious diseases and on the responses to be implemented. The symposium was very successful, and plans for a second symposium of this kind to be held in the near future in another high-biodiversity area are already underway.

scholarly journals Emerging infectious diseases: A proactive approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (16) ◽  
pp. 4055-4059 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Bloom ◽  
Steven Black ◽  
Rino Rappuoli
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Health Organization

Infectious diseases are now emerging or reemerging almost every year. This trend will continue because a number of factors, including the increased global population, aging, travel, urbanization, and climate change, favor the emergence, evolution, and spread of new pathogens. The approach used so far for emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) does not work from the technical point of view, and it is not sustainable. However, the advent of platform technologies offers vaccine manufacturers an opportunity to develop new vaccines faster and to reduce the investment to build manufacturing facilities, in addition to allowing for the possible streamlining of regulatory processes. The new technologies also make possible the rapid development of human monoclonal antibodies that could become a potent immediate response to an emergency. So far, several proposals to approach EIDs have been made independently by scientists, the private sector, national governments, and international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO). While each of them has merit, there is a need for a global governance that is capable of taking a strong leadership role and making it attractive to all partners to come to the same table and to coordinate the global approach.

scholarly journals Advancing Planetary Health in Australia: focus on emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e001283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Hill-Cawthorne ◽  
Joel Negin ◽  
Tony Capon ◽  
Gwendolyn L Gilbert ◽  
Lee Nind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Spread Of Infection

With rising population numbers, anthropogenic changes to our environment and unprecedented global connectivity, the World Economic Forum ranks the spread of infectious diseases second only to water crises in terms of potential global impact. Addressing the diverse challenges to human health and well-being in the 21st century requires an overarching focus on ‘Planetary Health’, with input from all sectors of government, non-governmental organisations, academic institutions and industry. To clarify and advance the Planetary Health agenda within Australia, specifically in relation to emerging infectious diseases (EID) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), national experts and key stakeholders were invited to a facilitated workshop. EID themes identified included animal reservoirs, targeted surveillance, mechanisms of emergence and the role of unrecognised human vectors (the ‘invisible man’) in the spread of infection. Themes related to AMR included antimicrobial use in production and companion animals, antimicrobial stewardship, novel treatment approaches and education of professionals, politicians and the general public. Effective infection control strategies are important in both EID and AMR. We provide an overview of key discussion points, as well as important barriers identified and solutions proposed.

scholarly journals One Health: its recent evolution and driving issues

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
John MacKenzie ◽  
Martyn Jeggo
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Species Barrier ◽  
Health Security

Global health security has become a major concern, particularly the threats to human and animal health from the emergence and re-emergence of epidemic-prone infectious diseases, as well as the significant and growing impact of these outbreaks on national and international economies. It has long been known that many of these diseases can cross the species barrier between humans, wildlife and domestic animals, and indeed over 70% of novel emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, that is, have their origins in animal reservoirs. There have been many recent examples of this trend, the most dramatic being recently the SARS epidemic ? the first major threat to global health from a novel zoonotic disease in the new Millennium. Other recent examples include the H1N1 influenza virus pandemic; the spread of Nipah virus into Bangladesh and India; and perhaps the most important of all, the ongoing concerns of a highly virulent influenza pandemic due to avian influenza virus (H5N1).

scholarly journals Alternatives to antibiotics: a symposium on the challenges and solutions for animal production

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Seal ◽  
Hyun S. Lillehoj ◽  
David M. Donovan ◽  
Cyril G. Gay
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Animal Diseases

AbstractAntibiotics are one of the most important medical discoveries of the 20th century and will remain an essential tool for treating animal and human diseases in the 21st century. However, antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens and concerns over their extensive use in food animals has garnered global interest in limiting antibiotic use in animal agriculture. Yet, limiting the availability of medical interventions to prevent and control animal diseases on the farm will directly impact global food security and safety as well as animal and human health. Insufficient attention has been given to the scientific breakthroughs and novel technologies that provide alternatives to antibiotics. The objectives of the symposium ‘Alternatives to Antibiotics’ were to highlight promising research results and novel technologies that could potentially lead to alternatives to conventional antibiotics, and assess challenges associated with their commercialization, and provide actionable strategies to support development of alternative antimicrobials. The symposium focused on the latest scientific breakthroughs and technologies that could provide new options and alternative strategies for preventing and treating diseases of animals. Some of these new technologies have direct applications as medical interventions for human health, but the focus of the symposium was animal production, animal health and food safety during food-animal production. Five subject areas were explored in detail through scientific presentations and expert panel discussions, including: (1) alternatives to antibiotics, lessons from nature; (2) immune modulation approaches to enhance disease resistance and to treat animal diseases; (3) gut microbiome and immune development, health and diseases; (4) alternatives to antibiotics for animal production; and (5) regulatory pathways to enable the licensure of alternatives to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Exploring the Prospects of Engineered Newcastle Disease Virus in Modern Vaccinology

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bashir Bello ◽  
Khatijah Yusoff ◽  
Aini Ideris ◽  
Mohd Hair-Bejo ◽  
Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Design Development

Many traditional vaccines have proven to be incapable of controlling newly emerging infectious diseases. They have also achieved limited success in the fight against a variety of human cancers. Thus, innovative vaccine strategies are highly needed to overcome the global burden of these diseases. Advances in molecular biology and reverse genetics have completely restructured the concept of vaccinology, leading to the emergence of state-of-the-art technologies for vaccine design, development and delivery. Among these modern vaccine technologies are the recombinant viral vectored vaccines, which are known for their incredible specificity in antigen delivery as well as the induction of robust immune responses in the vaccinated hosts. Although a number of viruses have been used as vaccine vectors, genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus (NDV) possesses some useful attributes that make it a preferable candidate for vectoring vaccine antigens. Here, we review the molecular biology of NDV and discuss the reverse genetics approaches used to engineer the virus into an efficient vaccine vector. We then discuss the prospects of the engineered virus as an efficient vehicle of vaccines against cancer and several infectious diseases of man and animals.

scholarly journals Towards One Health disease surveillance: The Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esron D. Karimuribo ◽  
Kuya Sayalel ◽  
Eric Beda ◽  
Nick Short ◽  
Philemon Wambura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Custom Made

Africa has the highest burden of infectious diseases in the world and yet the least capacity for its risk management. It has therefore become increasingly important to search for ‘fit-for- purpose’ approaches to infectious disease surveillance and thereby targeted disease control. The fact that the majority of human infectious diseases are originally of animal origin means we have to consider One Health (OH) approaches which require inter-sectoral collaboration for custom-made infectious disease surveillance in the endemic settings of Africa. A baseline survey was conducted to assess the current status and performance of human and animal health surveillance systems and subsequently a strategy towards OH surveillance system was developed. The strategy focused on assessing the combination of participatory epidemiological approaches and the deployment of mobile technologies to enhance the effectiveness of disease alerts and surveillance at the point of occurrence, which often lies in remote areas. We selected three study sites, namely the Ngorongoro, Kagera River basin and Zambezi River basin ecosystems. We have piloted and introduced the next-generation Android mobile phones running the EpiCollect application developed by Imperial College to aid geo-spatial and clinical data capture and transmission of this data from the field to the remote Information Technology (IT) servers at the research hubs for storage, analysis, feedback and reporting. We expect that the combination of participatory epidemiology and technology will significantly improve OH disease surveillance in southern Africa.

scholarly journals Bat-associated diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Glenn A Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses

Emerging infectious diseases pose a significant threat to human and animal health. Increasingly, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are of zoonotic origin and are derived from wildlife. Bats have been identified as an important reservoir of zoonotic viruses belonging to a range of different virus families including SARSCoronavirus, Rabies virus, Hendra virus, Nipah virus, Marburg virus and Ebola virus.

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