Yeast killer systems.

The killer phenomenon in yeasts has been revealed to be a multicentric model for molecular biologists, virologists, phytopathologists, epidemiologists, industrial and medical microbiologists, mycologists, and pharmacologists. The surprisingly widespread occurrence of the killer phenomenon among taxonomically unrelated microorganisms, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens, has engendered a new interest in its biological significance as well as its theoretical and practical applications. The search for therapeutic opportunities by using yeast killer systems has conceptually opened new avenues for the prevention and control of life-threatening fungal diseases through the idiotypic network that is apparently exploited by the immune system in the course of natural infections. In this review, the biology, ecology, epidemiology, therapeutics, serology, and idiotypy of yeast killer systems are discussed.

Download Full-text

Cryptosporidium and Giardia as Agents of Foodborne Disease

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-56.5.451 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 451-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

JAMES L. SMITH

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Foodborne Disease ◽

Protozoan Parasites ◽

Body Contact ◽

Chemical Agents ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Foodborne Outbreaks ◽

And Control ◽

Physical And Chemical

Infections by the protozoan parasites of the genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia can be asymptomatic or cause gastroenteritis in immunocompetent people. However, in immunocompromised individuals, the infections can be more severe and even life threatening. Both parasites are common waterborne pathogens, but on occasion they may be foodborne or transmitted by body contact. In this review, several aspects of Cryptosporidium and Giardia are discussed including their life cycles, resistance to physical and chemical agents, routes of transmission to humans, the nature of the disease caused by the parasites, and detection of the organisms in water, feces, and food. Documented incidents in which Cryptosporidium or Giardia contaminated foods were implicated as cause of gastroenteritis are discussed to illustrate conditions leading to foodborne outbreaks and to suggest means of prevention and control of the parasites when present in foods.

Download Full-text

Analysis on Economic Growth under Different Prevention and Control Measures of Covid-19 Pandemic

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202123501060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 235 ◽

pp. 01060

Author(s):

Wenyi Yang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Immune System ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Economic Value ◽

Control Measures ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Wuhan City ◽

The World ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

By the end of 2019 a novel kind of coronavirus which can infect human and trigger pneumonia is found in Wuhan City, China. The contagious virus rendered itself highly dangerous to attack human’s immune system, and humans have to suspend their daily routine to derail the spread of this virus, named Covid-19 by WHO. It has upended the world, especially when people cannot go out to work and spend to create economic value in awe of contagion, leading to a nosedive taken by economic growth, and the healthy crisis transferred into an economic crisis. To control over the spread of virus and save economy, governments took many measures, but the effect varies from country to country. This article aims to find the liaison between the how fast and deep the governments are to fight against Covid-19 and how that relates to their recovery of economic growth, taking China and USA as typical examples, and draw the conclusion that the speed and depth the control taken over Covid-19 features a positive correlation with the recovery of economic growth.

Download Full-text

Organizational culture and its implications on infection prevention and control

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v5i10.15644 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 865-868

Author(s):

R Baral

Keyword(s):

Organizational Culture ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Hospital Acquired Infection ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

And Control

The hospital acquired infections are becoming common in our hospitals lately. These infections are difficult to treat and maybe life threatening. Hospital acquired infection can be minimized or eradicated by good Infection Prevention and Control guidelines and good hand hygiene practices. The success of Infection Prevention and Control guidelines program in any hospital is largely impacted by the organizational culture. In any health care setting the management is challenged by the organizational culture to change of any kind. Where implementation of Infection Prevention and Control guidelines program is easily implemented in some hospitals it is very difficult in others. Moreover, hand hygiene is not only biomedical practice but also has more behavioral factors.

Download Full-text

Modeling COVID-19 infection in a confined space

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30423/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zishuo Yan ◽

Yueheng Lan

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Stochastic Model ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Human Motion ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Confined Space ◽

Human Immune System ◽

Mesoscopic Level ◽

Human Immune ◽

And Control

Abstract In this paper, we construct a stochastic model of the 2019-nCoV transmission in a confined space, which gives a detailed account of the interaction between the spreading virus and mobile individuals. Different aspects of the interaction at mesoscopic level, such as the human motion, the shedding and spreading of the virus, its contamination and invasion of the human body and the response of the human immune system, are touched upon in the model, thier relative importance during the course of infection being evaluated. The model provides a bridge linking the epidemic statistics to the physiological parameters of individuals and may serve a theoretical guidance for epidemic prevention and control.

Download Full-text

Micronutrients and the Immune System: Some Is Good but We Need to Know More

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

Henry J. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Disease Prevention ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

And Control

Defining the role of nutrients in disease prevention and control has entered a renaissance because of both breakthroughs in studying the gut associated microbiome [...]

Download Full-text

A REVIEW ON THE FIFTH PANDEMIC: CORONAVIRUS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i12.39823 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 25-31

Author(s):

KAUR NAVDEEP ◽

KAUR SIMRANPREET ◽

KAUR MANJINDER

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Young Generation ◽

The Novel ◽

Human Coronavirus ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

The World ◽

Life Threatening ◽

And Control

Since the 1918 flu pandemic, the novel human coronavirus outbreak COVID-19 has been the fifth known pandemic. COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China, and later spread across the world. It is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) extreme acute respiratory syndrome virus. The patients exhibit flu-like symptoms, including dry cough, sore throat, high fever, and trouble in breathing. Despite too much affords, there is no appropriate treatment or medication which is a successful COVID-19 therapy. A variety of candidate drugs are being used for the treatment and reviewed. This involves clinically accessible medications that are being repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir. This review describes the different aspects of corona such as history, origin and spread, its types, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and precautions. This review makes us understand what type of virus is this and how we can take precautions to protect us from this life-threatening virus. There is an immediate need to prepare our young generation to fight against any such catastrophe in the future, if any, of science and technology. There is no reason to worry and to fight this epidemic, careful prevention and control are necessary. This article can help to create public awareness, knowledge, avoiding, handling, and treating COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Decoding the human immune system to transform the future of global disease prevention and control

Expert Review of Vaccines ◽

10.1586/14760584.2016.1170600 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 1235-1236 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wayne C. Koff ◽

Theodore Schenkelberg

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Disease Prevention ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Human Immune System ◽

The Future ◽

Human Immune ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

Human Factors Engineering Contributions to Infection Prevention and Control

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/0018720819833214 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 693-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Frank A. Drews ◽

Lindsay C. Visnovsky ◽

Jeanmarie Mayer

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Future Research ◽

Human Factors Engineering ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Current Infection ◽

Healthcare Associated ◽

And Control

Objective: This article provides a review of areas that present significant challenges in infection prevention and control and describes human factors engineering (HFE) approaches that have been applied successfully to these areas. In addition, implications and recommendations for HFE use in future research are discussed. Background: Infection prevention and control aims to prevent patients and health care personnel from acquiring preventable infections in healthcare. Effective infection control practices of healthcare-associated infections have recently become even more critical with the emergence of life-threatening infections. HFE could benefit infection prevention and control in addressing older and more recent challenges, but uptake has been limited. Method/Results: This literature review is an integration and synthesis of recently published research that describes HFE-based approaches in infection prevention and control to address the challenges for three specific topics. The results of the review suggests that HFE is in a position to support work in infection prevention and control and improve overall healthcare safety. Conclusion: HFE provides conceptual frameworks and methods that have significant potential to improve infection prevention and control. Application: The work reviewed can provide potential solutions for current infection prevention and control challenges by applying HFE based recommendations.

Download Full-text