scholarly journals Multivalent and Multipathogen Viral Vector Vaccines

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina B. Lauer ◽  
Ray Borrow ◽  
Thomas J. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Veterinary Vaccine ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Foreign Proteins

ABSTRACT The presentation and delivery of antigens are crucial for inducing immunity and, desirably, lifelong protection. Recombinant viral vectors—proven safe and successful in veterinary vaccine applications—are ideal shuttles to deliver foreign proteins to induce an immune response with protective antibody levels by mimicking natural infection. Some examples of viral vectors are adenoviruses, measles virus, or poxviruses. The required attributes to qualify as a vaccine vector are as follows: stable insertion of coding sequences into the genome, induction of a protective immune response, a proven safety record, and the potential for large-scale production. The need to develop new vaccines for infectious diseases, increase vaccine accessibility, reduce health costs, and simplify overloaded immunization schedules has driven the idea to combine antigens from the same or various pathogens. To protect effectively, some vaccines require multiple antigens of one pathogen or different pathogen serotypes/serogroups in combination (multivalent or polyvalent vaccines). Future multivalent vaccine candidates are likely to be required for complex diseases like malaria and HIV. Other novel strategies propose an antigen combination of different pathogens to protect against several diseases at once (multidisease or multipathogen vaccines).

scholarly journals Large-Scale Production of Lentiviral Vectors: Current Perspectives and Challenges

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Eduardo Martínez-Molina ◽  
Carlos Chocarro-Wrona ◽  
Daniel Martínez-Moreno ◽  
Juan A. Marchal ◽  
Houria Boulaiz
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lentiviral Vectors ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Packaging Cell ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Target Production

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have gained value over recent years as gene carriers in gene therapy. These viral vectors are safer than what was previously being used for gene transfer and are capable of infecting both dividing and nondividing cells with a long-term expression. This characteristic makes LVs ideal for clinical research, as has been demonstrated with the approval of lentivirus-based gene therapies from the Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for Medicine. A large number of functional lentiviral particles are required for clinical trials, and large-scale production has been challenging. Therefore, efforts are focused on solving the drawbacks associated with the production and purification of LVsunder current good manufacturing practice. In recent years, we have witnessed the development and optimization of new protocols, packaging cell lines, and culture devices that are very close to reaching the target production level. Here, we review the most recent, efficient, and promising methods for the clinical-scale production ofLVs.

scholarly journals Adeno-associated and lentiviral vector production in 2D and 3D formats with adherent cells in chemically defined, blood-free media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Pezoa ◽  
Randall Alfano ◽  
Atherly Pennybaker ◽  
Nathan Hazi ◽  
Andrew Laskowski
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Doubling Times

Large scale manufacturing of viral vectors or vaccines with adherent cells still relies heavily on the inclusion of fetal bovine serum for the growth and production phases. The inclusion of serum presents numerous problems with the undefined chemical makeup, the undesirable safety profile, and the constraints and limitations on the global supply. Despite these challenges, alternatives to serum for adherent cells have been limited; however, advances in large-scale production of recombinant human proteins have enabled the advancement of blood-free media that can support adherent cell growth. In order to circumvent the need for serum in adherent platforms, we developed a serum and blood-free, chemically defined medium specific for adherent human epithelial kidney cells and evaluated growth kinetics as well as viral vector production with associated adenovirus and lentivirus. We observed doubling times equal to or faster than doubling times observed in serum containing medium. We also demonstrate transfection efficiencies and viral titers that are equivalent to or higher than that of serum. Our results demonstrate that fetal bovine serum is not required for culture of adherent HEK cells, and that a serum-free, blood-free, chemically defined approach can be reliably implemented in the production of viral vectors for gene therapy.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Production of Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Serotype-9 Carrying the Human Survival Motor Neuron Gene

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrooz Rashnonejad ◽  
Gholamhossein Amini Chermahini ◽  
Shaoyong Li ◽  
Ferda Ozkinay ◽  
Guangping Gao
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Survival Motor Neuron ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Survival Motor Neuron Gene ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
Large Scale Production

scholarly journals Modulating Immune Response with Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake K. Durbin ◽  
Daniel K. Miller ◽  
Julia Niekamp ◽  
Emil F. Khisamutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Large Scale Production

Nano-objects made of nucleic acids are becoming promising materials in the biomedical field. This is, in part, due to DNA and RNA self-assembly properties that can be accurately computed to fabricate various complex nanoarchitectures of 2D and 3D shapes. The nanoparticles can be assembled from DNA, RNA, and chemically modified oligonucleotide mixtures which, in turn, influence their chemical and biophysical properties. Solid-phase synthesis allows large-scale production of individual oligonucleotide strands with batch-to-batch consistency and exceptional purity. All of these advantageous characteristics of nucleic-acid-based nanoparticles were known to be exceptionally useful as a nanoplatform for drug delivery purposes. Recently, several important discoveries have been achieved, demonstrating that nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) can also be used to modulate the immune response of host cells. The purpose of this review is to briefly overview studies demonstrating architectural design principles of NANPs, as well as the ability of NANPs to control immune responses.

scholarly journals Recombinant Silk Proteins with Additional Polyalanine Have Excellent Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Shuo Zhao ◽  
Xiaogang Ye ◽  
Meiyu Wu ◽  
Jinghua Ruan ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Foreign Proteins ◽  
Transgenic Silkworms ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Silkworm Silk ◽  
Β Sheet ◽  
Fibroin Light Chain

This paper explores the structures of exogenous protein molecules that can effectively improve the mechanical properties of silkworm silk. Several transgenic vectors fused with the silkworm fibroin light chain and type 3 repeats in different multiples of the ampullate dragline silk protein 1 (MaSp1) from black widow spider with different lengths of the polyalanine motifs were constructed for this study. Transgenic silkworms were successfully obtained by piggyBac-mediated microinjection. Molecular detection showed that foreign proteins were successfully secreted and contained within the cocoon shells. According to the prediction of PONDR® VSL2 and PONDR® VL-XT, the type 3 repeats and the polyalanine motif of the MaSp1 protein were amorphous. The results of FTIR analysis showed that the content of β-sheets in the silk of transgenic silkworms engineered with transgenic vectors with additional polyalanine was significantly higher than that of wild-type silkworm silk. Additionally, silk with a higher β-sheet content had better fracture strength and Young’s modulus. The mechanical properties of silk with longer chains of exogenous proteins were improved. In general, our results provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the large-scale production of excellent bionic silk.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

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